Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

29 cases of T-cell derived lymphoblastic lymphoma and T-ALL have been analyzed. There is a striking prevalence of the male sex. In the peripheral blood we often find initially an excessive number of white blood cells combined with normal values for the other constituents in about half of the patients; This may be an expression for the rapid occurrence of leukaemia in T-cell lymphosarcoma. In addition to systemic ALL-therapy we performed X-ray irradiation of the mediastinum in 8 of our patients. This yielded to significantly longer first complete remissions. All patients with T-cell LSA/ALL with or without mediastinal mass should be treated in this manner. Cytochemically a strong focal acid phosphatase reaction was found to be acharacteristic of these cells. It has proved to be a screening method for this disease. The cells are T-cell derived and their pattern of surface markers is similar to that found in fetal thymocytes.
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PMID:[Malignant mediastinal lymphoblastic lymphoma with t-cell ALL (author's transl)]. 30 Jan 29

Cell surface markers of 21 cases of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) were studied with various surface markers, especially by using anti-human B lymphocyte serum (ABS), anti-human thymocyte serum (ATS-T) and anti-human peripheral T lymphocyte serum (ALS-T) which were rendered specific for human B lymphocytes, human thymocytes and human peripheral T lymphocytes. The proportion of cell types in ALL was null cell leukemia 38%, B cell leukemia 38% and T cell leukemia 24%, respectively. T-ALL cells were reactive to ATS-T but not to ALS-T, a fact which suggests their thymic origin. It should be noted that these anti-lymphocyte sera detected T or B marker antigens, even when other markers showed negative. Twelve patients with ALL were also investigated from their clinical pictures. Patients with B cell leukemia had severe signs of anemia and a higher grade of hepato-splenomegalies than other types in ALL. Patients with T cell leukemia were in older age levels and had a poorer prognosis.
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PMID:A study of surface markers in acute lymphocytic leukemia by using anti-T and anti-B lymphocyte sera. 31 Mar 35

The acid phosphatase pattern was studied in leukaemic cells from 8 patients with T-cell leukaemia (5 ALL and 3 CLL). In 2 cases the enzyme activity was focal granular with paranuclear localization as earlier demonstrated by other authors, while--in contrast to these findings--the enzyme activity in 4 cases demonstrated universal granular distribution. Almost all the cells from each patient showed the same picture. In the last 2 cases a mixed focal and universal granular pattern was observed, where half the cells possessed the focal form and the other half the universal form of granular activity. The two first-mentioned patterns were observed in cases of T-ALL as well as of T-CLL, while the mixed pattern was seen only in cases of T-ALL.
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PMID:Three different acid phosphatase patterns in leukaemic lymphoid T-cells. 31 94

A series of mouse hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies against human acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) cells was generated and screened for tumor specificity. Among 1200 primary cultures, 60 produced an antibody that could distinguish between the immunizing leukemia cells and an isologous B lymphoblastoid cell line. Of these, two produced an antibody that detects an antigen expressed preferentially on ALL cells and on a subpopulation of normal cells found in the cortex of the thymus. Other normal human lymphoid cells from lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, and peripheral blood express only low levels of this antigen. High levels of this "thymus-leukemia" antigen were found on T-ALL cells, T-ALL-derived cell lines, and some "null" ALL cells. By contrast, B-cell leukemias, B lymphoblastoid cell lines, and normal and malignant myeloid cells contain either low or undetectable amounts of this antigen. The thymus-leukemia antigen has been isolated from the membranes of leukemia cells by detergent solubilization and subsequent immunoprecipitation with the monoclonal antibody. Preliminary biochemical characterization shows the antigen to be associated with a polypeptide of Mr approximately 28,000.
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PMID:A human thymus-leukemia antigen defined by hybridoma monoclonal antibodies. 31 41

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity has been assessed in lymphoid cells of 23 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in order to attempt a further characterization of ALL cells in addition to the well known cytochemical and immunological T and B lymphoid cell markers. ADA activity did not show any correlation with the immunological characterization of the patients investigated; in fact a wide range of ADA activity was observed with levels ranging from 0 to 32 U in T-ALL patients and nearly similar values (from 1.8 to 36 U) in the group of non T--non B ALL cases. Normal values ranged from 2 to 5 U (mean 2.9 U; s.d. +/- 0.8). Some cytochemical patterns (acid phosphatase and PAS) appeared well correlated with T markers of lymphoid cells, whereas they showed no significant relationship with ADA activity.
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PMID:Adenosine deaminase activity in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: cytochemical, immunological and clinical correlations. 35 73

The important advances made in recent years in the therapy of adult ALL have been reviewed. The definition of bad-prognosis patients has been improved and includes those with T-ALL, ABLL, and Ph1+ALL, in addition to those presenting with evidence of extensive disease. In contrast to childhood ALL, induction chemotherapy should include another drug (or drugs) in addition to VCR and prednisolone, and one of the anthracycline drugs (ADR or DNR) has been employed most frequently in this context. Such therapy should result in a CR rate of 70 to 75%. Similar to the experience in childhood ALL, the improvement in haematological response rate has led to an apparent increase in CNS leukaemia, and the need for adequate CNS prophylaxis is stressed. Despite these improvements, the outlook for adults with ALL is not yet as good as it is for childhood ALL. Controlled studies involving large numbers of patients are urgently needed to provide answers to a number of questions. In induction therapy, the use of higher drug dosage, the use of more and other drugs, and the use of an individual patient's risk factors to determine drug dosage, must be assessed. The benefits of consolidation therapy and the optimal duration and intensity of maintenance therapy have yet to be established. Methods of CNS prophylaxis other than cranial irradiation and IT MTX must be carefully studied. These important questions require that adult patients with ALL should be concentrated in centres capable of providing optimal overall care and, at the same time, able to conduct the necessary clinical trials.
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PMID:The management of adult acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. 36 95

Circulating peripheral blood tumor cells in four cases of chronic lymphoproliferative disease were immunologically characterized. By the use of T-cell-specific heteroantisera and indirect immunofluorescence, all were shown to involve proliferation of malignant T cells. Three cases demonstrated morphologic and clinical features consistent with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and one case presented as a lymphosarcoma cell leukemia. Antisera specific for normal human T-cell subsets defined the malignant T cells in each case as arising from the TH2--subset. This subset normally constitutes approximately 80% of human peripheral blood T cells. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) was not detected in any of the T-cell CLL cases, thus supporting the notion that T-cell CLL represents a malignancy of a mature phenotype. The one patient with lymphosarcoma whose tumor cells were TdT-positive subsequently developed T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Moreover, la-like antigen (p23,30) was detected on two of these tumor cell populations. In addition, it was shown that not all tumor cells were E-rosette-positive, since only cells from 3 of 4 patients were capable of forming spontaneous rosettes. These findings demonstrate that heteroantisera can provide an additional important tool for dissecting the heterogeneity of T-cell leukemias and for relating them to more differentiated normal T cells.
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PMID:T-cell-subset characterization of human T-CLL. 37 99

Over a two-year period, immunophenotypic patterns of 266 acute leukemia cases were analyzed using a panel of tests including TdT, SmIg and 9 surface antigens by the immunofluorescence stains for the assessment of the incidence and grade of phenotypic ambiguity (lineage infidelity) and the possible clinical significance of unusual immunophenotypes. Immunophenotypes were classified into four groups according to the degree of ectopic antigen expression. We classified as Group A (91.7%, 244 of 266 cases) those expressing conventional pattern without ectopic antigen. Group B (3.0%, 8 of 266 cases) was defined to have at least two lineage specific markers and single ectopic antigen. Such a "low grade deviation" did not prevent a definite immunodiagnosis. Group C (4.2%, 11 of 266 cases) revealed a promiscuous coexpression of markers related to different lineages, including two cases (0.8%, 2 cases) of biphenotypic leukemia. Group D (1.1%, 3 cases) included unclassifiable immunophenotypes with no antigen or HLA-DR only expression. Both patients with biphenotypic leukemia and one patient with unclassifiable immunophenotypes failed to respond to induction chemotherapy, suggesting a poor prognosis in these patients. The incidence of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) cases with one or more ectopic surface antigens was 10 (8.1%) of the 124 AML cases. Ectopic antigen expression was seen in 5 (4%) of the 125 B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cases and 3 (25%) of the 12 T-ALL cases. It is concluded that nearly 95% of cases of acute leukemia cases can be diagnosed accurately with immunophenotyping alone including patients with a mild degree of deviation from expected antigenic patterns.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Acute leukemias with unusual immunophenotypes. 129 44

A human leukemia cell line, JK-T1, was established from the bone marrow of a 10-year-old boy with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The origin of the leukemic cell line, JK-T1, was demonstrated by its chromosomal and immunologic similarity to the patient's fresh leukemic cells. Karyotypic analysis revealed 46,XY,del(6)(q?),t(8;14)(q24;q13),der(9)t(9;?)(q34;?). In JK-T1, neither rearrangement nor amplification of the c-myc gene was observed apparently because the breakpoint of chromosome 14 was not q11 but q13. JK-T1 was independent of interleukin 2 (IL-2) because of little production of IL-2, little IL-2 receptor (CD25) on the surface, and no response to exogenous IL-2. JK-T1 had lymphocyte function associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) (CD11a, CD18) on its surface and could adhere to the hematologic stromal layer. These characteristics of JK-T1 cell line are considered to be useful not only for evaluating the role of t(8;14) but also in studying the adhesion molecules of leukemia.
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PMID:Establishment and characteristics of a T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line, JK-T1, with a chromosomal translocation between 8q24 and 14q13. 133 81

Although the key role of human homeobox (HOX) genes in development is well established, their function in adult cells is still under scrutiny. We have analyzed, in normal adult blood cell subpopulations, acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) cells lines, and primary blasts, the RNA expression of all HOX-2 cluster genes (5'-2.5, 2.4, 2.3, 2.2, 2.1, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 3') and nine genes in the HOX-1, -3, and -4 cluster by Northern blotting, RNAse protection, and/or reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The analyzed HOX-1, -3, and -4 genes were never expressed in all tested cell populations. Natural killer (NK) cells activated in interleukin-2 (IL-2)/IL-1 beta-treated cultures exhibit a gradually increasing, abundant expression of three HOX-2 genes (2.2, 2.6, 2.8), while three other genes (2.3, 2.1, 2.7) are expressed at a lower level at late culture times. However, no HOX-2 gene is expressed in quiescent lymphocytes (NK, B and T [T-cell receptor (TCR) alpha/beta, gamma/delta lymphocytes, thymocytes] cells), granulocytes, and monocytes. In B- and T-ALL cell lines, HOX-2 genes are expressed according to different patterns: (1) widespread transcription (seven of nine genes, including 2.3 and 2.6) in the Peer line bearing the TCR gamma/delta; (2) expression of 2.5, 2.2, and 2.6 in the SEZ 627 line, which derives from an HTLV-1+ T-helper leukemia; (3) transcription of 2.3 and 2.6 in both the T-ALL CEM line and four B-ALL lines (interestingly, CALLA- B-ALL lines are constantly 2.3/2.6 RNA+); (4) no HOX-2 gene expression was detected in one T- and two B-ALL lines. Primary blasts from five T- and five pre-B-ALL showed selective expression of one or more HOX-2 genes, namely 2.5, 2.2, 2.6, and 2.7. Our data are compatible with the hypothesis that selected HOX-2 genes play a role in the IL-2/IL-1 beta-induced activation and/or proliferation of normal NK lymphocytes and possibly in the oncogenetic process of some T- and B-ALL.
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PMID:Expression of selected human HOX-2 genes in B/T acute lymphoid leukemia and interleukin-2/interleukin-1 beta-stimulated natural killer lymphocytes. 135 62


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