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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Consistent cytogenetic abnormalities have been detected in the bone marrow cells of 19 out of 33 patients (57.57%) with a recent diagnosis of acute leukaemia. Chromosome imbalances were apparently non-random, chromosomes 8, 17, 20 and 21 being more frequently involved. The median survival in the patients' group with abnormal metaphases was 55 vs. 210 days in patients with only normal metaphases. In the former group complete remission was obtained in 2 of 3 ALL patients and in 4 of 16 ANLL patients. Major karytypic abnormalities were consistently found in 5 subjects with EL. Peripheral blood culture lymphocytes showed a 9qh polymorphism in 2 of 35 patients and sporadic or consistent chromosome abnormalities in 6.
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PMID:Cytogenetic studies in acute leukaemias. Prognostic implications of chromosome imbalances. 41 Feb 25

Seven cases of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) and one of malignant myeloproliferative syndrome were identified from a pool of 189 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and CLL treated primarily with extensive radiotherapy at the Clinical Center, the National Institutes of Health. Four patients also received chemotherapy, two for only short periods. The median time interval from the diagnosis of the primary malignancy to the development of leukemia was 61 months (range 33 to 98 months) and the median survival after the diagnosis of leukemia was two months (0 to 9 months). All eight patients were cytogenetically abnormal and serial chromosome studies revealed that hypodiploidy was the most commonly observed chromosomal abnormality. Abnormalities of chromosome no. 7 were seen in all five patients analyzed by the chromosome banding technique; four of them had monosomy 7. The next most frequently involved chromosome was no. 5. The complexity, extensive nature, and long duration of the cytogenetic abnormalities prior to the diagnosis of leukemia in these patients may be characteristic of secondary leukemia in radiation-treated lymphoma and the presence of such anomalies may predict leukemic transformation.
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PMID:Acute non-lymphocytic leukemia and acute myeloproliferative syndrome following radiation therapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia: cytogenetic studies. 49 31

Seven cases of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) and one case of a malignant myeloproliferative syndrome have been seen after extensive radiation therapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or chronic lymphocytic leukemia. A myeloproliferative syndrome with abnormalities in granulocytic, erythrocytic, and thrombocytic cell lines was present in all patients and in seven patients preceded ANLL by 2--18 months. The median time to the development of ANLL after primary disease therapy was 61 months (33--98 range). The leukemia was extremely refractory to therapy and median survival after diagnosis of ANLL was two months (range 0--9 months). Leukemia was seen only in those patients who received multiple courses and multiple techniques of radiation therapy.
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PMID:Acute nonlymphocytic leukemia and acute myeloproliferative syndrome following radiation therapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia: clinical studies. 49 58

Retrospective and prospective observations have established the existence of a recognizable hematologic syndrome preceding the development of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. This syndrome, which has been termed the "preleukemic syndrome" or "hemopoietic dysplasia", appears to be a stage in a multiphasic myeloproliferative disorder, rather than a separable disease with a propensity to develop leukemia. All products of the marrow stem cell are involved. The panmyelopathy begins as a red cell disease (eg, a refractory or sideroblastic anemia) and progresses to involve megakaryocytes and platelets and finally granulocytes or monocytes, or both; the terminal event is acute nonlymphocytic (myelomonoblastic) leukemia. Prospective documentation is needed in order to define the natural course of this marrow disease. Such studies are now in progress and should provide important information concerning the pathophysiology of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia.
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PMID:Diagnosis and treatment of the preleukemic syndrome (hemopoietic dysplasia). 62 Sep 25

In 1954 a then 31-yr-old male was found to have erythrocytosis. Over the ensuing decade he received 72 mCi32P. In 1964 his daughters were found to have erythrocytosis. Further investigation led to the discovery of hemoglobin Yakima, a variant with high oxygen affinity. He received no further therapy and was well until 1975, when he developed the preleukemic syndrome. Within 12 mo. he developed acute nonlymphocytic leukemia accompanied by fetal erythropoiesis. Because the inital discovery of this type of hemoglobinopathy came 27 yr after the introduction of 32P for use in the treatment of polycythemia vera, and because there are now known to be more than 39 different high-oxygen-affinity hemoglobins, we anticipate that more patients such as ours have been exposed to 32P. The exposed population should be cosely followed, since this will likely permit assessment of the risk of 32P-induced leukemia in a nonneoplastic condition.
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PMID:32P and acute leukemia: development of leukemia in a patient with hemoglobin Yakima. 66 62

The initial features, response to therapy, complications, cause of death, and prognostic factors of 171 consecutive children with ANLL are described and compated to historical data for adults with ANLL and for children with ALL. Major differences between children and adults with ANLL include a higher frequency of CNS leukemia and a lower frequency of early deaths in the children. The most important differences between children with ANLL and ALL are the absence of a peak age of incidence in ANLL and the far better response to therapy in ALL. Among features present at 100,000/mm3 or above, and no palpable hepatomegaly had significantly longer survivals, while patients with platelet counts below 10,000/mm3 had significantly shorter survivals. The frequency and duration of remission were significantly better with three protocols used since 1968 than previously. However, even with these protocols, the results were far from satisfactory, with a complete remission frequency of 66%, a median duration of hematological remission of 6 months, and a median duration of survival of 10 months. The striking contrast of these results in childhood ANLL with current results in childhood ALL underscores the need for novel, imaginative therapeutic approaches for ANLL.
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PMID:Acute nonlymphocytic leukemia in 171 children. 78 98

Two hundred and seventy-two adults diagnosed between 1949 and 1971 as having acute leukemia were evaluated. Two hundred and fifty-seven patients had died and autopsies were obtained in 202 cases. Central nervous system (CNS) leukemia was demonstrated in 22 of 93 autopsies with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) during the period 1949 through 1966 and 8 of 47 during the period 1967 through 1971. Nine of 45 autopsies on acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients diagnosed during 1949 through 1966 had CNS involvement, compared to 7 of 17 during 1967 through 1971. The median time from diagnosis of acute leukemia to CNS manifestations was two months for ANLL and six months for ALL. Headache, papilledema, and cranial nerve palsy were the common findings with meningeal leukemia. Early CNS involvement was observed in patients with high initial leukocyte/blast counts, low platelet counts, and early lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly. Ten of 13 patients treated between 1967 and 1971 with cranial irradiation and intrathecal chemotherapy responded; however, the duration of remission in ALL was short-lived with subsequent relapses at various intervals. In contrast, CNS recurrence in ANLL was rare. The value of CNS prophylactic and maintenance therapy is discussed.
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PMID:Adult central nervous system leukemia: incidence and clinicopathologic features. 82 17

The clinical and laboratory features of the stages in the evolution of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia are reviewed. Based on a retrospective analysis of 34 patients who died with an acute myelomonoblastic leukemia, the "preleukemic syndrome" has been shown to display a clinical picture sufficiently specific to permit its recognition prospectively (i.e., before the development of overt leukemia). The results to date of a variety of prospective studies are reviewed, and the approach(es) to the management of these cases is considered.
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PMID:The preleukemic syndrome: clinical and laboratory features, natural course, and management. 100 97

A remission-induction regimen for childhood leukemia using cyclophosphamide, asparaginase, vincristine, and prednisone (CAVP) was compared to standard vincristine-prednisone (VP) induction. The more intensive regimen was associated with a lower complete remission rate (81% vs 93%) and a higher early death rate from infection (15% vs 5%) for acute lymphocytic leukemia. In contrast, complete remission was achieved in 58% of children with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia treated with CAVP compared to 18% for VP. Early death rates were similar (27% vs 25%). These observations corroborate previous studies in childhood nonlymphocytic leukemia showing activity for asparaginase. Preliminary analysis of remission duration and survival for responders shows no advantage for those who survived the more intensive induction.
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PMID:Cyclophosphamide-asparaginase- vincristine-prednisone induction therapy in childhood acute lymphocytic and nonlymphocytic leukemia. 106 49

Sixty-six newly diagnosed patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia received either daunorubicin alone or a combination of daunorubicin, cytosine arabinoside, 6-thioguanine, and pyrimethamine for remission-induction therapy. The two treatment groups were comparable with respect to the two major prognostic factors in this disease, which were age and presence or absence of infection on admission. The two therapies produced similar results with respect to CR rate and median survival results. Single-agent therapy was associated with less frequent utilization of hospital inpatient facilities and fewer platelet transfusions. The four-drug combination did not decrease the incidence of meningeal leukemia. Patients who achieved CR were treated with two half-dose consolidation courses of the successful remission-induction regimen. Subsequently, all patients received cyclophosphamide and guanazole monthly for maintenance therapy. Median durations of remission for both induction-treatment groups were similar (6.8 and 5.6 mos). The therapeutic results with the single agent in this study were not inferior to those obtained with the drug combination tested, as well as most other previously reported combinations of antileukemic drugs.
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PMID:Randomized clinical comparison of daunorubicin (NSC-82151) alone with a combination of daunorubicin, cytosine arabinoside (NSC-63878), 6-thioguanine (NSC-752), and pyrimethamine (NSC-3061) for the treatment of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. 106 8


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