Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The pathophysiology of serially passaged myeloid leukemia of the RFM mouse was studied. The disease was characterized by progressive splenomegaly and infiltration of both marrow and spleen by myeloblasts. The animals became anemic and there was an associated erythroid hyperplasia in the spleen. Leukemic spleen cells obtained from animals early in the course of the leukemia were less malignant than those obtained from preterminal mice. The leukemia is most sensitive to alkylating agents but is also responsive to antimetabolites.
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PMID:Murine myeloid leukemia: I. Pathophysiology and drug sensitivity. 27 Oct 44

Acute myelogenous leukemia was induced in outbred Long-Evans rats by iv injections of leukemia cells from a subcutaneous tumor of Shay myelogenous leukemia. In rats with this leukemia the peripheral white blood cell (WBC) counts varied from 2.4 to 700 X 10(9)/liter. No differences were found in the bone marrow of the rats with the high WBC counts and that of rats with low WBC counts. This observation could explain the large variations in the number of circulating leukemia cells caused by differences in cell proliferation or delivery of cells into the circulation. Massive phagocytosis of leukemia cells occurred in animals with low WBC counts (less than 12 X 10(9)/liter) but not in animals with high WBC counts (greater than 150 X 10(9)/liter). This phagocytosis was directed against circulating leukemia cells. The main phagocytes were Kupffer's cells of the liver and macrophages of the spleen parenchyma. In addition, phagocytosis occurred in the spleens and bone marrow by intravascular macrophages, which were derived from extravascular sites. The endothelium of the postcapillary venules of the lymph nodes participated in the phagocytosis of circulating leukemia cells while continuing to be the locus of lymphocytic return from circulation to lymphatic parenchyma. The factors underlying the differences in macrophage activity between the rats with high and low WBC counts were unknown.
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PMID:Destruction of circulating leukemia cells by phagocytosis in rats with myelogenous leukemia. 27 68

Oral administration of deoxycytidine simultaneously with intraperitoneal injections of toxic doses of cytosine arabinosidetomice with advanced L1210 leukemia diminished the toxic effects preventing drug death of these mice. They developed a marked antitumor effect. The mean survival time of these mice was considerably extended as compared to that of untreated animals or those given one of these drugs alone. At the optimum schedule of treatment about 23% of the mice survived over 60 days. Deoxycytidine protection reduced the antileukemic effect of cytosine arabinoside administered in nontoxic doses. The deoxycytidine plus cytosine arabinose combination was ineffective in the treatment of transplantable myeloid leukemia in mice.
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PMID:[Selective treatment of leukemia L1210 with combination of deoxycytidine and lethal doses of cytosine arabinoside]. 27 85

Glucorticoid hormones induced differentiation of mouse myeloid leukemia cells. From comparison of the structure of steroids with their ability to induce phagocytic and locomotive activities, typical characters of mature macrophages and granulocytes, the simplest steroid with inducing ability was concluded to be a steroid with the structure of progesterone and one hydroxyl group at 11beta- or 21-position. The maximum induction ability seemed to require the structure of progesterone and three hydroxyl groups (at 11beta-, 17alpha-, and 21-positions). A single, 30-min pulse treatment with glucocorticoid was sufficient to induce differentiation of leukemia cells. Glucocorticoid receptors were detected in mouse myeloid leukemia cells. The binding affinity of various steroids for the cytoplasmic receptors was closely correlated with the activities of these compounds to induce differentiation of leukemia cells, suggesting that these receptors may be involved in hormonal induction of differentiation of various cells. This suggests that the binding reaction is important for differentiation of myeloid leukemia cells.
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PMID:Structure requirements and affinity of steroids to bind with receptor for induction of differentiation of cultured mouse myeloid leukemia cells. 27 67

The oral administration of N,'N-2,7-fluorenylenebis-acetamide (2,7-FAA) induces leukemia, especially mature granulocytic leukemia in rats. We compared the degree of infiltration of 2,7-FAA-induced mature granulocytic leukemia with that of transplanted leukemia for the purpose of proving hematogenous development of leukemia. The bone marrow, spleen and liver were examined in the cases of diffuse lesion of 2,7-FAA-induced and transplanted leukemia. The average degree of infiltration of both 2,7-FAA-induced and transplanted leukemia was high in the bone marrow, medium in the spleen, and low in the liver. Intravenous transplantation of malignant neoplasm is an example of hematogenous metastasis. The similarity of infiltration between 2,7-FAA-induced and transplanted leukemia suggests that the former is spread by hematogenous metastasis.
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PMID:Hematogenous development of rat mature granulocytic leukemia--comparison of 2,7-FAA-induced and transplanted leukemia. 28 Nov 9

Oral administration of N,N'-2,7-fluorenylenebis-acetamide (2,7-FAA) induces mature granulocytic and erythroblastic leukemia in rats. We compared the primary site of mature granulocytic leukemia with that of erythroblastic leukemia. The nodular foci of solitary lesions and comspicuously large foci of scattered lesions were considered to be the primary site. They appeared mainly in the bone marrow of various bones. The primary site of mature granulocytic leukemia appeared more frequently in short bones than in long bones. On the contrary, that of erythroblastic leukemia appeared more frequently in long bones than in short bones. The origin of mature granulocytic leukemia seems to be concerned with bone tissue, while erythroblastic leukemia may have little relation with bone tissue.
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PMID:Site of origin of 2,7-FAA-induced rat leukemia. 28 Nov 10

Normal murine spleen cells were sensitized to syngeneic myeloid leukemia cells by RNA extracted from the lymph nodes and spleens of Hartley guinea pigs immunized with the murine leukemia cells. Sensitization mediated by RNA was an active process that required physiologic temperature and at least a 10-minute incubation. RNA extracted from unimmunized guinea pigs of guinea pigs immunized with normal spleen cells failed to sensitize the mouse spleen cells. Sensitization was specifically directed toward leukemia cells, whereas the spleen cells remained unreactive toward normal spleen or bone marrow cells. The sensitizing moiety was RNA itself inasmuch as it was inactivated by RNase and not by DNase or pronase. Preparations whose RNA patterns on sucrose density centrifugation gave evidence of degradation of the RNA did not sensitize normal spleen cells. These studies demonstrate that xenogeneic immune RNA can specifically sensitize normal spleen cells to syngeneic myeloid leukemia cells.
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PMID:Sensitization in vitro to murine myeloblastic leukemia cells by xenogeneic immune RNA. 28 68

The oral administration of N,N'-2,7-fluorenylenebisacetamide (2,7-FAA) induces leukemia, especially mature granulocytic leukemia, in rats. We compared the distribution of nodular foci of 2,7-FAA-induced mature granulocytic leukemia with that of transplanted leukemia for the purpose of proving hematogenous development of leukemia. The bone marrow of the vertebral bodies was examined in the cases of scattered lesion of 2,7-FAA-induced and transplanted leukemia. The leukemic nodular foci were most frequently located around the center of the craniocaudal axis of the vertebral bodies in both leukemias. On the other hand, they were evenly distributed along the dorso-ventral axis in both leukemias. The similarity of the distribution of nodular foci between 2,7-FAA-induced and transplanted leukemia may be an evidence for the hypothesis that the former is spread by hematogenous metastasis.
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PMID:Hematogenous development of rat mature granulocytic leukemia--distribution of leukemic foci in vertebral bodies. 28 73

A 6-year-old boy with a diagnosis of acute myeoblastic leukemia in remission developed iris infiltration accompanied by uveitis, hypopyon, and vitreous hemorrhage, which was initially unilateral, later becoming bilateral. Pathologically, the eyes showed leukemic infiltrates in the conjunctiva, episclera, sclera, ciliary body, trabecular meshwork, canal of Schlemm, choroid, vitreous, and the iris. Leder stain studies showed positive esterase activity, indicating granulocytic sarcoma. Granulocytic sarcoma may appear intraocularly as iris nodules. These iris nodules may be the initial manifestation of granulocytic leukemia.
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PMID:Iris involvement in granulocytic sarcoma. 28 49

Studies were made on the effects of inducers on the leukemogenicity of sensitive mouse myeloid leukemia cells (M1) that could be induced to undergo cell differentiation into mature granulocytes and macrophages in vitro by incubation with inducers (certain proteins, bacterial lipopolysaccharides, or glucocorticoids) and of resistant M1 cells that could not be induced to differentiate into mature cells. Inducers of cell differentiation significantly enhanced the survival times of mice inoculated with sensitive cells but scarcely affected the survival times of mice inoculated with resistant cells. Some mice inoculated with the sensitive cells and treated with lipopolysaccharide did not develop leukemia. The sensitive and resistant clone cells contained similar common tumor-related surface antigens. Treatment with lipopolysaccharide was also effective in athymic nude mice inoculated with the sensitive M1 cells. Lipopolysaccharide or glucocorticoid significantly stimulated differentiation of the sensitive cells cultured in a diffusion chamber in vivo but had little effect on differentiation of resistant cells. These results suggest the possibility of treating, with partial success, leukemia in vivo with differentiation inducers.
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PMID:Prolongation of survival time of mice inoculated with myeloid leukemia cells by inducers of normal differentiation. 28 53


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