Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

L-asparaginase from Escherichia coli--Crasnitin was used in 14 children with acute leukemia unresponsive to conventional treatment: 11 acute lymphoblastic leukemias, 1 acute myeloblastic leukemia, 2 other forms of leukemia. The remission induction was obtained in 70% of applications. Median of remission duration was 90 days. Serious side effects were observed. The validity of L-asparaginase in therapy of advanced childhood ALL is stressed.
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PMID:L-asparaginase in treatment of acute leukemia in children. 27 52

Chromosomes were studied on diagnostic bone-marrow samples from 39 children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). The patients were classified, according to the chromosomal characteristics of the major proportion of their leukaemia cells, into five categories; hyperdiploid, pseudodiploid, diploid, hypodiploid, and mixed. Patients in the hyperdiploid category had significantly longer first remissions than those in all other categories, and those in the pseudodiploid category had the shortest. Neither the absence of any normal cells nor the presence of detectable clones appeared to be an adverse feature. We suggest that the proportion of hyperdiploid cells, determined by conventional chromosomal staining techniques, may be used as an additional prognostic feature in childhood ALL.
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PMID:Prognostic implications of chromosomal findings in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia at diagnosis. 28 81

Thirty-four children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in relapse or resistant to initial induction received combination chemotherapy with prednisolone, vincristine, l-asparaginase, and daunorubicin. L-asparaginase was given subcutaneously on alternate days for four weeks and was well tolerated. A complete remission was achieved in 96% of children in relapse and in five out of six children resistant to induction. Remission was achieved without hospitalisation in over 60% of patients. The median duration of subsequent remission was only 13 weeks, but six out of eight children receiving a second course of the drug combination achieved a further remission. We conclude that prolonged l-asparaginase therapy in combination with an anthracycline might well be used in initial or consolidation therapy for childhood ALL.
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PMID:Combination chemotherapy for bone marrow relapse in childhood lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). 28 4

Childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is a model for the study of disseminated cancer. It is always disseminated and relatively uniform, it is accessible to repetitive tissue sampling, and we have highly effective chemotherapy for it. The first systematic, controlled trials of cancer therapy were designed for patients with ALL by physicians with the courage and audacity to aim for cure of a "hopeless" disease. The concept of leukemia cell subpopulations in each patient received major clinical support from ALL. The pharmacological sanctuary, typified by the meninges, was first discovered and specifically attacked in ALL. Combination therapy, aggressive therapy during remission, phase-specific therapy, and the interrelationships of phases of therapy were developed first in ALL. Since leukemia cell features, such as T-cell characteristics, correlate with responsiveness to therapy, powerful new tools may be developed to improve the biological specifically of therapy. In addition to the gratifying results of therapy over the past two decades, childhood ALL continuity offers opportunities for biological research as well as improved therapy for ALL and other forms of disseminated cancer.
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PMID:Childhood leukemia as a model for cancer research: the Richard and Hinda Rosenthal Foundation Award Lecture. 29 75

In previous reports, children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), who presented with T-cell markers on their lymphoblasts (T-lymphoblasts), have been predominantly older boys often with a mediastinal mass. These children are thought to constitute a subgroup of childhood ALL that has the poorest prognosis. Here, we report five girls with ALL, who presented with T-lymphoblasts but without a mediastinal mass. All responded well to chemotherapy and three of five are in maintained remission 21-33 months after diagnosis. The fourth patient died while in remission of causes other than leukemia and the fifth relapsed and died of infection two years after diagnosis. These observations suggest that girls with T-lymphoblasts may not have an adverse prognosis.
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PMID:Lymphoblasts with T-cell markers in five girls with acute lymphocytic leukemia. 30 Jun 49

Lymphoblasts from 23 children with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and 10 with lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL) were studied by complement-dependent microcytoxicity tests with two nonhuman primate antisera defining leukemia-associated and lymphoma-associated antigens. Cells form 15 patients with ALL and 1 with LBL reacted only with antiserum to chronic lymphatic leukemia (CLL). These group-I patients were predominantly female. Most were pancytopenic and lacked mediastinal widening and T-cell markers; lymphoblasts from 15 were periodic acid-Schiff-positive. Cells from 8 male patients reacted only with antiserum to converted lymphosarcoma (LS). All these group-II patients expressed T-cell markers; 5 had mediastinal enlargement and 2, an abdominal mass. Six of the 8 were PAS-negative. Cells from 9 patients reacted with both antisera. The group-III patients demonstrated some characteristics of each of the above groups. Patients whose lymphoblasts reacted with CLL antiserum presented with clinical and laboratory features indicative of a good prognosis, i.e., ALL with PAS positivity and no T-cell markers or localized mass. Patients whose cells reacted with LS antiserum often had bad prognostic features: mediastinal or abdominal mass, expression of T-cell markers, and PAS negativity. These antisera appear able to differentiate childhood ALL from LBL. The distinction is important prognostically and perhaps therapeutically.
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PMID:Childhood lymphoblastic cancer: subgroups defined by nonhuman primate antisera to human lymphatic leukemia cell antigens. 30 Aug 8

Because differences in hexosaminidase isoenzyme profiles of granulocytes and lymphoyctes suggested that such profiles might help to distinguish between various types of leukemia, was examined leukocyte extracts from 55 untreated children and 12 controls by automated anion-exchange chromatography. In 23 of 27 cases of the common form of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia, the activity of hexosaminidase component I was greatly increased; the activity ratio of hexosaminidase I to hexosaminidase A was greater than 0.5 in 18 of these cases, whereas for other types of leukemia and for all normal cells tested, the ratio was less than 0.2. A raised hexosaminidase I was shown to be associated with leukemic cells by the finding of normal isoenzyme profiles of bone-marrow cells from 17 patients in remission who had such an increase either at diagnosis or in relapse. Hexosaminidase isoenzyme analysis had diagnostic value and may provide a new marker for study of leukocyte differentiation.
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PMID:Expression of hexosaminidase isoenzymes in childhood leukemia. 30 26

Patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) were allocated at random either to stop maintenance chemotherapy after six 12-week courses or continue with a further six. The main difference between the two groups was in the incidence of bone-marrow relapse within nine months after stopping treatment. Such relapses occurred less in older patients and those with higher leucocyte counts initially than in those who appeared to have the best prognosis--namely, those with typical low-count childhood ALL. No patient given prophylactic irradiation to cranium and spine combined with intrathecal methotrexate suffered meningeal relapses, whereas among those not given such prophylaxis the lack of benefit from continuing treatment was mainly attributable to meningeal relapses.
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PMID:Treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: effect of variation in length of treatment on duration of remission. Report to the Medical Research Council by the Working Party on Leukaemia in Childhood. 32 46

The important advances made in recent years in the therapy of adult ALL have been reviewed. The definition of bad-prognosis patients has been improved and includes those with T-ALL, ABLL, and Ph1+ALL, in addition to those presenting with evidence of extensive disease. In contrast to childhood ALL, induction chemotherapy should include another drug (or drugs) in addition to VCR and prednisolone, and one of the anthracycline drugs (ADR or DNR) has been employed most frequently in this context. Such therapy should result in a CR rate of 70 to 75%. Similar to the experience in childhood ALL, the improvement in haematological response rate has led to an apparent increase in CNS leukaemia, and the need for adequate CNS prophylaxis is stressed. Despite these improvements, the outlook for adults with ALL is not yet as good as it is for childhood ALL. Controlled studies involving large numbers of patients are urgently needed to provide answers to a number of questions. In induction therapy, the use of higher drug dosage, the use of more and other drugs, and the use of an individual patient's risk factors to determine drug dosage, must be assessed. The benefits of consolidation therapy and the optimal duration and intensity of maintenance therapy have yet to be established. Methods of CNS prophylaxis other than cranial irradiation and IT MTX must be carefully studied. These important questions require that adult patients with ALL should be concentrated in centres capable of providing optimal overall care and, at the same time, able to conduct the necessary clinical trials.
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PMID:The management of adult acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. 36 95

The proportion of pretreatment bone marrow macrolymphoblasts was determined in a total of 93 children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in order to assess the validity of cell size as a prognostic indicator. A macrolymphoblast (MLb) was defined as having a diameter greater than 12 mum, and patient samples were divided simply on the basis of whether they had more or less than 10% MLb present at diagnosis. In a retrospective study of a sample of 47 children treated according to Total Therapy Study VII, the continuous complete remission duration, survival and incidence of CNS disease bore no relationship to the cell size distribution present at diagnosis. A second sample of 46 current patients with untreated ALL was examined both for the presence of surface markers for T- and B-cells and for cell size. Bone marrow blasts from 10 of these 46 children formed rosettes with sheep erythrocytes (E)-- a T-cell marker. E-rosette formation was associated with a constellation of adverse prognostic factors, including older age, very high initial WBC counts, organomegaly, and mediastinal enlargement; yet the presence of this T-cell marker was unrelated to cell size. We conclude that pretreatment lymphoblast cell size is not a reliable prognostic indicator in childhood ALL.
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PMID:Lack of correlation of lymphoblast cell size with presence of T-cell markers or with outcome in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. 76 54


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