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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Synthesis and post-translational processing of murine leukemia virus proteins were analyzed in a murine cell line (Eveline) that produces large amounts of Friend lymphatic leukemia virus. Immunoprecipitation of l-[(35)S]methionine-labeled cell extracts demonstrated that several different virus-specific proteins antigenically related to the virion core (gag) proteins p12 and p30 become radioactive within 1 min of labeling and exhibit labeling kinetics characteristic of primary translation products. The most abundant of these were proteins with molecular weights of 75,000 and 65,000. There were, in addition, two large glycosylated polyproteins with apparent molecular weights of 220,000 and 230,000, which were precipitated by antisera to p30 or p12 but not by antiserum to the major envelope glycoproteins gp69/71. Several lines of evidence, including labeling with d-[(3)H]glucosamine and binding to insolubilized lectins, suggested that the 75,000-dalton internal core polyprotein is slowly processed to form a glycoprotein with an apparent molecular weight of 93,000. On the contrary, the 65,000-dalton protein appeared to be an immediate precursor to the virion core proteins. Its processing can involve intermediates containing p30 and p12 antigens with molecular weights of 50,000 and 40,000; however, the latter did not appear to be obligatory intermediates. The detection of the 40,000-dalton protein suggested that the genes for p30 and p12 are adjacent on the viral genome. These results indicated that there are several pathways of synthesis and post-translational processing of polyprotein precursors to the gag proteins and that several of these polyproteins are glycosylated. A comparison of gag precursor processing in rapidly growing, slowly growing, and stationary cells indicated that different pathways are favored under different conditions of cell growth. Our analysis of envelope glycoprotein synthesis has confirmed the existence of two rapidly labeled 90,000-dalton glycoproteins, which appear to be precursors to the envelope glycoproteins gp69/71.
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PMID:Synthesis and glycosylation of polyprotein precursors to the internal core proteins of Friend murine leukemia virus. 59 67

Dietary administration of N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]acetamide to mice for 14 weeks followed by 16 weeks of control diet resulted in a high incidence of lymphocytic leukemia and a low incidence of forestomach squamous cell papillomas. The coadministration of p-hydroxyacetanilide at a dose of 1.0% with either 250 or 500 ppm of N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]acetamide resulted in inhibition of leukemogenesis, whereas when p-hydroxyacetanilide was coadministered with 1000 ppm of N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]acetamide the leukemia incidence was not significantly reduced, but the latent period was prolonged. When sodium sulfate was administered with p-hydroxyacetanilide and N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]acetamide, leukemogenesis was partially restored. L-Methionine, fed in place of sodium sulfate, unblocked leukemogenicity inhibition by p-hydroxyacetanilide. None of these chemicals, p-hydroxyacetanilide, sodium sulfate, or L-methionine, significantly affected the incidence of forestomach papillomas induced by N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]acetamide, although tumor incidences in all groups were low. p-Hydroxyacetanilide and sodium sulfate had no significant effect on the high incidence of stomach tumors induced by formic acid 2-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]hydrazide or bladder tumors induced by N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide.
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PMID:Effect of p-hydroxyacetanilide, sodium sulfate, and L-methionine on the leukemogenicity of N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]acetamide. 63 67

A series of N-deacetyl-N-glycosylalkylthiocolchicines (glucosyl, galactosyl, mannosyl, ribosyl, and arabinosyl) was prepared by heating N-deacetylalkylthiocolchicines with the appropriate monosaccharides in methanol. Some compounds (glucosyl-, mannosyl-, and ribosylalkylthiocolchicines) were per-O-acetylated in dry pyridine with acetic anhydride. The compounds were tested against leukemia L-1210 and P-388 systems. Preliminary results showed that the antileukemic activity of the glycosyl compounds in vitro is similar to that of the N-deacetylalkylthiocolchicines used for their preparation. However, the presence of a glycosyl moiety in the molecule gives the advantage of greater solubility in water. Of the results obtained to date in lymphoid leukemia screening in vivo, five glycosyl compounds showed promising activity levels and have now reached confirmed active status.
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PMID:Synthesis and evaluation of N-deacetyl-N-glycosylalkylthiocolchicines as antileukemic agents. 64 31

We observed two sisters with ataxia telangiectasia, one of whom developed an atypical subacute lymphocytic leukemia characterized by atypical lymphocytes and absence of palpable lymphadenopathy or hepatosplenomegaly. The lack of organomegaly in this patient may have been due to the underlying ataxia telangiectasia, which was associated with lymphoid hypoplasia. Cytogenetic studies showed a marker chromosome 14 [t(14q11:14q34)] in both patients. The sister with leukemia had other complex chromosomal aberrations in addition to the marker chromosome 14 that were stable for more than 14 mo before the patient's death from complicating infection. The development of atypical T cell leukemia has not been previously described in ataxia telangiectasia. This case further illustrates the interesting interrelationships amoung immunosuppressed states, development of lymphoid malignancy, and an emerging pattern of a propensity to chromosome 14 abnormalities in various lymphoid malignancies.
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PMID:Atypical lymphoid leukemia in ataxia telangiectasia. 69 87

A set of feedings of a lipid solution of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene given biweekly by gastric intubation to young adult female mice of the non-inbred CF-1 strain elicited lymphatic leukemia in 73% of the animals in 112 +/- 24 days. Brief ether anesthesia facilitated alimentary administration of hydrocarbons and steroids. Inoculation of whole blood of mice with lymphatic leukemia into the subcutaneous tissue of allogeneic newborn resulted in lymphosarcomas at the injection site sometimes associated with leukemia. The lymphosarcomas of infant mice regressed rapidly following administration of cortisone or dexamethasone. They frequently, but not invariably, recurred; 14% of the mice were free from lymphosarcoma 3 months after treatment with the glucocorticoids.
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PMID:Induction of lymphatic leukemia in non-inbred mice and its control with glucocorticoids. The Lucy Wortham James lecture. 81 25

A series of ten S-substituted derivatives of the alpha and beta anomers (1a and 1b) of 2'-deoxy-6-thioguanosine has been prepared by S-alkylation of the parent nucleosides and/or by mercaptide displacement reactions on 6-chloro intermediates. Against L1210 murine leukemia all beta anomers were active but potency was reduced relative to 1b. Most S-alkyl alpha anomers were inactive in this test. Limited testing against P388 murine leukemia showed all alpha-anomer derivatives to be inactive but the beta anomers were more effective than the parent. S-Substitution sharply reduced acute toxicity in both series. In vitro DNA and RNA synthesis inhibition data are also reported. The antitumor activity of these derivatives and of the 2',5'-di-O-acetyl derivatives of 1a and 1b against lymphoid leukemia L1210 is reported. Some results with the lymphocytic leukemia P388 and an in vitro assay of the inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis are also given.
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PMID:Potential antitumor agents. Some sulfur-substituted derivatives of alpha- and beta-2'-deoxythioguanosine. 84 66

Peripheral blood cells of 21 patients with different forms of acute leukemia were cultured in diffusion chambers (5 x 10(5) cells/chamber) implanted intraperitoneally in 650 R preirradiated host mice over a period of up to 21 days. In patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute erythroleukemia (AEL), or acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AMMoL), the total number of cells which developed during this culture period exceeded the implanted value and also the values for normal peripheral blood cells from ten controls. In acute undifferentiated leukemia (AUL), two out of six patients showed considerable growth whereas the others, and also two patients with acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL), had poor growth. Differential counts revealed that the rise in total cells was due mainly to proliferation of blast cells and formation of granulopoietic cells. The latter exceeded the numbers from normal peripheral blood cells in 9 out of 13 patients with AML, AEL, or AMMoL and in 2 out of 6 patients with ALL. The production of granulopoiesis was not restricted to proliferating cells, but included mature cells which were of abnormal morphology in some cases. From the amount of granulopoiesis and the time of its development it was assumed that they were at least partly derived from leukemic blast cells. Chromosome analyses to decide whether the granulopoietic cells were of leukemic or normal cell origin are in progress.
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PMID:Evidence for differentiation of human leukemic blood cells in diffusion chamber culture. 85 42

An hypothesis of an aging effect of exposure to ionizing radiation in humans is proposed and given precise mathematical expression. The assumption is made that the biological changes which occur when humans are exposed to ionizing radiation from medical x ray are comparable to those occuring through the natural aging process, since both factors are known to increase the relative risk of nonlymphatic leukemia. This assumption focuses on this one aspect of aging only. The hypothesis that aging and exposure to ionizing radiation are comparable for increasing the relative risk of non-lymphatic leukemia is tested against the data from the Tri-State Leukemia Survey. It is shown to explain the data in a statistically acceptable way, giving an estimate of 1 rad skin dose exposure to the trunk as comparable to 1 year natural aging. This research raises further questions concerning the effects of exposure to ionizing radiation, and presents a new methodology by which these questions may be researched.
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PMID:X-ray exposure and premature aging. 89 58

The antitumor effects of weekly iv injections of 1.0 mg BCG and/or sc injections of 10(7) irradiated leukemia cells were studied in an isogeneic, transplantable lymphoid leukemia in the C57BL/6 mouse. The injections were started at day 1 after ip inoculation of 10(5) leukemia cells. BCG prolonged the survival time of most animals and cured 22%. BCG plus irradiated cells cured only about 10% of the mice, and irradiated cells alone had no curative effect. Individual tumor-bearing mice in the various experimental groups were examined with respect to ascites tumor cell number; complement-dependent cytotoxic antibodies in sera; direct and antibody-dependent cytotoxicity to tumor cells of lymphoid cells from peritoneal fluid, the spleen, and peripheral lymph nodes; and the cytology of ascites, the spleen, and lymph nodes. Only the antibody-dependent lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity (ADLMC) was correlated with the ascites tumor cell number, since the ADLMC was high only in mice with a tumor cell number less than that of the controls. Furthermore, since mice with a low tumor cell number had predominantly only lymphocytes as the nonmalignant cell type in their peritoneal fluid, ADLMC may have had an important role in BCG-induced control of tumor growth.
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PMID:Cellular and humoral immunity to leukemia cells in BCG-induced growth control of a murine leukemia. 90 1

Four nonabsorbable antibiotics (streptomycin, neomycin, bacitracin, and amphotericin B) and a germicidal dip solution (Zephiran chloride/water) were used to eliminate all the detectable bacteria from conventional AKR mice. Control mice were not decontaminated and were used as such. When antibiotic-decontaminated and control mice developed clinical manifestations of spontaneous lymphatic leukemia, each was treated for the disease with an antitumor drug (cyclophosphamide [CP]) at weekly intervals. With the decontamination procedure, mice of each of the two groups became bacteria-free after 16 weeks of continuous oral administration of the antibiotics and two separate germicidal dippings. All decontaminated mice remained free of bacteria throughout the experiment. The bacterial flora of the control mice remained unaltered. With CP therapy, the mean survival time of the female decontaminated mice was 65 days, whereas that of male mice was 218 days. The average survival time of the CP-treated control leukemic mice was 51 days. Untreated decontaminated or control mice usually died of leukemia within 7 days after the onset of symptoms of leukemia. Although CP therapy was not curative, it did prolong the life expectancy of the decontaminated mice significantly.
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PMID:Bacterial decontamination and antileukemic therapy of AKR mice. 97 25


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