Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The human testes in cases of malignant hematopoietic tumors, especially of leukemia, were histologically examined to characterize the mode of leukemic infiltration in comparison with that of malignant lymphoma. Materials were obtained from 56 autopsy cases, composed of 47 of leukemia, 7 of reticulum cell sarcoma and 2 of lymphosarcoma. Leukemic infiltration was confirmed in 43 (19%) of all leukemic cases and the pattern was divided into three types; diffuse, patchy and perivascular. A high grade infiltration was most common in lymphocytic leukemia. The testicular involvement was unexceptionally bilateral with occasional differences in the grade of infiltration, slight to moderate. There was no regional difference in incidence of leukemic infiltration in the testicular interstitium. A thin-walled canal located closely between the proper lamina of seminiferous tubules and the interstitial cell cluster was suggested to be lymphatics, which were extremely irregular in shape and occasionally did not have endothelium. Therefore human testicular lymphatics might not be a constant canal system, but rather akin to narrow tissue space. A network of argyrophilic fibers was pronounced in the lesion of leukemic infiltration. The frequency and grade of an involvement of the testes in malignant lymphoma were lower and lesser than those in leukemia.
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PMID:Histopathology on testicular involvement of leukemia with an emphasis on lymphatics. 33 76

The presence of the common antigen on B lymphocytes of healthy donors and myeloblasts of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in blastic crisis was observed with antimyeloblastic serum in the indirect surface immunofluorescence test. The cytotoxic test showed this antigen in the blastic cells in 27 out of 57 patients with CML BC, in 3 of 11 patients with acute lymphoid leukemia, in 1 of 8 patients with chronic lymphoid leukemia and in 2 of 2 patients with undifferentiated leukemia. The antigen was not found in the peripheral blood cells of healthy donors.
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PMID:[Detection of B-cell antigen on the blast cells in chronic myeloid leukemia]. 38 Jun 83

A variety of human leukopathic diseases including human acute lymphoblastic leukemia are responsive to glucocorticoids in a varying proportion of cases. We identified specific glucocorticoid receptors in human acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Their presence or absence was well correlated with both in vivo and in vitro responsiveness of these target cells to glucocorticoids. These data suggest that knowledge of glucocorticoid receptor status in human acute lymphoblastic leukemia may aid in selecting patients for therapy. Furthermore, these receptors exhibit significant quantitative differences in various subtypes of human leukemia, with null-cell lymphoblastic leukemia having approximately three times the mean number of receptors per cell as T-cell leukemias. These differences in receptor levels are associated with major differences in complete remission duration independent of other prognosticators of response such as patient age, white count, and cell surface markers. Specific receptors for glucocorticoids can also be identified in normal human peripheral blood monocyte fractions including unpurified peripheral blood lymphocytes, T, and non-T subcomponents of circulating lymphocytes and circulating monocytes. By criteria of quantity, of binding affinity, and specificity, these receptors appear to be similar to other classical glucocorticoid receptors. Receptors in human peripheral blood lymphocytes may be induced threefold on a per cell basis by treatment with the mitogen phytohemagglutinin. This is associated with a marked increase in glucocorticoid responsiveness.
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PMID:Glucocorticoid receptors and effects in human lymphoid and leukemic cells. 38 86

The use of combined modality therapy (irradiation and combinations of drugs) in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease has produced a significant improvement in survival, during which most patients lead an active and productive life. The estimated 1% incidence of leukemia in treated Hodgkin's disease patients, however, is greater than would be expected in the general population. There is a vast amount of literature which indicates that alkylating agents, procarbazine and irradiation are leukemogenic and immunosuppressive in animals and man. It is than conceivable that the current intensive treatment programs which use these agents are promoting the development of acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (ANLL). This leukemia has occurred most often in patients whose Hodgkin's disease is poorly controlled and who have received more aggressive therapy. The latent period from the diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease to the diagnosis of leukemia is significantly shorter (p less than .0005) in those patients who have received intensive and near maximal radiotherapy (total nodal irradiation), combination chemotherapy (MOPP or equivalent) or a sequential combination of the two modalities than similar patients who were treated with less than total nodal irradiation and or single agent chemotherapy. The following characteristic features have occurred with sufficient frequency to suggest that the subsequent leukemia is a distinct clinicopathological entity: pancytopenia, megaloblastoid marrow, nucleated red blood cells in the peripheral blood, random chromosomal aberrations of the bone marrow in most patients (94%), and refractoriness to antileukemia therapy (response rate 6.5%) with a very short survival (median one month).
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PMID:Acute nonlymphocytic leukemia: a delayed complication of Hodgkin's disease therapy: analysis of 109 cases. 40 79

A series of 8-alkyl-7,8,-dihydromethotrexate analogues was prepared by direct alkylation of 7,8-dihydromethotrexate, after pilot studies were performed with simpler pteridines. These compounds are tested for in vitro inhibitory activity against Lactobacillus casei and as enzyme inhibitors against dihydrofolate reductase and thymidylate synthetase derived from this organism. All of the analogues were less inhibitory toward dihydrofolate reductase than was methotrexate but were more inhibitory toward thymidylate synthetase. The analogues were also evaluated for in vitro inhibitory activity against the CCRF-CEM human lymphoblastic leukemia cells. In vivo against the L-1210 leukemia in mice, several of the analogues exhibited some antileukemic activity.
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PMID:Methotrexate analogues. 9. Synthesis and biological properties of some 8-alkyl-7,8-dihydro analogues. 40 42

In 48 patients with acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia, all of whom had been treated according to the protocol 7421 of the "acute leukemia group B", remission rates and survival times were correlated with the chromosome constitution of bone marrow cells at diagnosis. 45.8% of the patients had only normal metaphases (N-patients), 31.3% had normal and abnormal metaphases (AN-patients), and 22.9% had only abnormal metaphases (AA-patients). Chromosomal findings were unrelated to patients' age. The remission rate of the N-patients was 72.7%, of the AN-patients 60%, and of the AA-patients 36.4%. The respective median survival times were 12.5, 8.5 and 4.0 months. The difference in remission rates and survival times between patients with normal and without normal metaphases was significant. Once a remission had been obtained the prognosis was similar among the 3 groups. The better prognosis of the AA-patients in this study as compared to previous reports might be related to a more effective chemotherapy.
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PMID:[Relations between chromosomal findings and prognosis in acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia (author's transl)]. 44 77

The malignant cells in a patient with hairy cell leukemia responded most evidently to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in in vitro culture for 3 1/2 days when the conventional tritiated thymidine uptake method was used. Since the malignant cells from patients with several other forms of leukemia and the peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy individuals did not show a comparable degree of responsiveness to LPS, we could exclude the possibility that this response was due to effects on contaminating normal mononuclear cells or to the nonspecific conditioning effect through LPS-affected contaminating normal monocytes. Morphological changes were observed with photo- and electronmicroscopy. It is likely that the hairy cells from the patient did respond to LPS, and whether or not this phenomenon may be confined to this type of lymphoid leukemia is not being investigated.
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PMID:Lipopolysaccharide responsiveness of malignant lymphoid cells in a patient with hairy cell leukemia. 45 53

L-Dopa methyl ester has been shown to be a novel antitumor agent. Furthermore, the L-dopa analogs, D-dopa, alpha-methyldopa, and dopamine, also exhibit significant antitumor activity in the L1210 and P388 lymphocytic leukemia systems. Structure-activity studies confirmed that the presence of a catechol moiety was essential for activity. Two analogs, 3,4-dihydroxybenzylamine and N-acetyldopamine, which were much less neurotoxic, exhibited the greatest antitumor activity. In vitro, at concentrations from 0.5 to 3.0 mM, there is a rapid and profound inhibition of radiolabeled thymidine incorporation as compared to uridine or leucine incorporation. Continuous exposure of exponentor up to 24 hours resulted in a block of traverse of cells through the cell cycle in G1 coupled with a depletion of cells with a G2 complement of DNA. In vivo, toxicity of these compounds appears to be mediated principally by conversion to dopamine. Similar effects upon thymidine incorporation were observed in human leukemia cells in vitro.
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PMID:Levodopa and dopamine analogs: melanin precursors as antitumor agents in experimental human and murine leukemia. 46 56

A review of cell kinetic studies in acute childhood leukemia with a comparison of leukemic transformation of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is presented in this paper. Leukemic cell populations have a longer cell cycle than their normal cell counterparts. The cell populations are comprised of proliferating and resting fractions and are capable of self-maintaining growth. Growth regulation is determined primarily by the size of the proliferating cell population or growth fraction. The growth fraction can vary as to site of disease, the clinical phase, following chemotherapeutic perturbation, and most importantly is related to the specific tumor cell type. Within a specific type of leukemia there is considerable variability of proliferative activity at time of diagnosis, but this variability bears no relationship to the subsequent clinical course. Those leukemias, such as the E rosette-positive form of lymphocytic leukemia characterized by rapid tumor growth and large tumor bulk, are also associated with tumor cell populations having larger growth fractions than standard lymphocytic leukemia. There is evidence for growth regulation of leukemic cell populations on systemic, regional, and, perhaps most importantly of all, intrinsic cell levels. It is this area of growth regulation for these tumor cell populations which currently needs the greatest research attention.
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PMID:Kinetic studies of cells in childhood leukemias. 49 73

Plasma deoxyribonuclease (E.C.3.1.4.5.) activity was measured in patients suffering from acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia, in blastic phase and in remission, and in DBA2 mice, normal and bearing L1210 leukemia. No difference in enzymic activity could be observed between normal and leukemic states in human beings and mice.
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PMID:Comparison of plasma deoxyribonuclease activity between normal and leukemic states in man and mice. 52 35


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