Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The value of bone marrow colony-forming assays in monitoring transplanted patients has been assessed by comparing results from two pairs of bone marrow recipients. One pair received marrow from their identical twins for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia; the other pair were grafted with allogeneic marrow from their siblings for aplastic anaemia. One of each pair showed successful engraftment while in the others the grafts failed. The colony-forming assay was then used to investigate marrow function in five grafted aplastic patients. Of these, four rejected their first grafts and required further immunosuppression before engraftment could be accomplished. The remaining patient was immunosuppressed at the outset with antithymocyte globulin (ATG) and her first graft was successful. Sera from all five patients inhibited colony formation by normal human marrow and it is suggested that this activity was related to graft rejection as well as to the pathogenesis of the condition.
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PMID:Relevance of colony forming assays to bone marrow transplanation with particular reference to grafting for aplastic anaemia. 3 84

A panel of established cell lines and many primary cell specimens from lymphomas and leukemias as well as from normal lymphatic tissues were tested for tumorigenicity by intracranial heterotransplantation in nude mice. Not only lymphoma and leukemia cell lines, but also lymphoblastoid cell lines, lacking markers of malignancy, were tumorigenic in the brains of nude mice. These findings indicate that tumorigenicity following intracranial heterotransplantation in nude mice cannot be used as proof for the malignant nature of established cell lines. Heterotraplantation of primary cell specimens yielded only a few tumor takes. When primary cells were infected with exogenous Epstein-Barr virus prior to the transplantation procedure, tumorigenicity could be significantly increased. Cytogenetic evaluation of tumors growing after intracranial transplantation of human hematopoietic cells showed, in some cases, a selection of cytogenetically aberrant cell clones.
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PMID:Intracranial heterotransplantation of human hematopoietic cells in nude mice. 3 11

To see whether urine enzyme activities could be used as an index in evaluating the disease status of leukemia patients, we examined the activities of four enzymes: arylsulfatases A(AS-A) and B(AS-B), alkaline phosphatase (AP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). AP and LDH showed no consistent patterns. The activities of AS-A and AS-B correlated well with the patient's clinical status, increasing during progression of disease and decreasing toward normal activities during responses to therapy, as judged from bone marrow cellularity and differential. Among 23 untreated patients with a histologic diagnosis of acute leukemia we found increased activities of the urine enzymes in these proportions: AS-A in 23 patients (100%), AS-B in 22 (95.7%), AP in 7 (30.4%), and LDH in 10 (43.5%). Five patients in remission from acute leukemia had normal activities for all four enzymes. In one patient in remission for more than one year, a rise in urinary arylsulfatase activity preceded observable bone marrow relapse by 4 months. Unlike that of serum of urine lysozyme and serum copper, the determination of urine arylsulfatase activities appears to be a consistent, useful indicator of response to antileukemic therapy. In contrast to the determination of polyamines, the quantitation of arylsulfatase activity is achieved with greater ease and with instrumentation available in most clinical laboratories.
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PMID:A noninvasive technique for monitoring response to chemotherapy in human acute leukemia. 3

PVG rats bearing a transplantable T cell leukemia were treated with large inocula of lymphoid cells from AUG rats sensitized either against the leukemia or against PVG lymphocytes. AUG and PVG bear identical Ag-B antigens but differ at minor loci, including the Pta loci, which code for differentiation antigens expressed only on peripheral T lymphocytes. Treatment with AUG cells immune to either the PVG leukemia or normal PVG cells resulted in prolonged survival of leukemic rats, a profound but ephemeral leukopenia and prolonged disappearance of leukemic cells from lymphoid tissue. All treated animals, however, eventually died with large, discrete deposits of leukemic cells in both hard and soft tissues. Despite the deliberate mismatching of host and donor cells for minor transplanation antigens, no evidence of GVH symptoms was observed in treated rats. This was interpreted as a result of directing the adoptive immune response to antigens of restricted distribution, i.e., on leukocytes and not on somatic cells.
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PMID:Adoptive immunotherapy of leukemia in the rat, without graft-VS-host complications. 3 1

1 A simple, specific assay for 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) in human plasma with a sensitivity of 10 ng/ml (66 nmol/1) has been developed. 2 6-MP was extracted directly from plasma into toluene using a novel extraction procedure. This involves conversion of 6-MP into a phenyl mercury derivative by its reaction with phenyl mercuric acetate in alkaline plasma and extracting into toluene. Back-extraction of the toluene layer with 0.1N HCl regenerates 6-MP, which is then oxidised to purine-6-sulphonate and assayed fluorimetrically. 3 This assay has been modified to measure azathioprine and a new thiopurine metabolite in plasma. 4 In a kidney transplant patient given azathioprine, 50 mg i.v., conversion to 6-MP was rapid and the plasma half-life of 6-MP was 36 min. 5 These assays are suitable for studying the pharmacokinetics of azathioprine in patients with kidney transplants. The 6-MP assay should also prove useful for studying the pharmacokinetics of the drug in patients with leukaemia.
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PMID:Assay of azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine and a novel thiopurine metabolite in human plasma. 4 May 85

SRS was generated from human leukemic basophils upon stimulation with ionophore A23187. Radiolabel from [14C]-AA was incorporated into SRS with continued comigration of radioactivity and bioactivity through several chromatographic systems including DEAE-cellulose, silicic acid, and RP-HPLC. Human basophilic leukemia SRS displayed physiochemical properties similar to those of rat basophilic leukemia cell SRS.
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PMID:Slow reacting substance (SRS) from ionophore A23187-stimulated human leukemic basophils. I. Evidence for a precursor role of arachidonic acid and initial purification. 4 Oct 19

Tumours developed in chronic infection lasting for 150--180 days in 39 (60%) of 65 mice infected with strain L2 of herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 and in 12 (20%) of 60 mice infected with strain 333 of HSV type 2. Similar results were obtained in 150 immunosuppressed mice chronically infected with HSV types 1 and 2. Pathomorphologically, the neoplasias in the first group (strain L2) were similar to adenocarcinoma and malignant lymphoma and in the second (strain 333) to lymphoma and angio- or fibrosarcoma. The respective HSV strains were isolated by cocultivation of blood leukocytes from chronically infected animals and cultures of the tumour cells with human embryo fibroblasts (HEF). HSV and Gross murine leukaemia virus antigens were detected in tumour cells by immunofluorescence and radioimmunoassay, respectively, and HSV antigen by immunofluorescence also in cultures of tumour cells and in cells of the brains, spinal cords, livers and spleens of the animals. HSV antibody was demonstrable in the blood serum from chronically infected tumour-bearing mice in a titre of 32.
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PMID:Development of tumours in mice chronically infected with herpes simplex virus. 4 95

Much progress has been made in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for severe aplastic anemia (SAA) and acute leukemia (AL). In SAA it was shown that hemopoietic chimerism and apparently permanent cures can be achieved in the majority of patients by conditioning with cyclophosphamide followed by bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from an HLA-identical sibling. The previous transfusion history is crucial for failure or success: untransfused patients do very well while graft rejection is an enormous problem in most polytransfused ones. We have shown that most patients without HLA-identical sibling donors can be adequately helped as well. After conditioning with ALG followed by transfusion of haploidentical marrow and low dose androgens there is partial to complete autologous hemopoietic reconstitution in virtually all patients. This points to the fact that most of these patients have pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells that are intact, but apparently unable to differentiate to mature cells, because they are inhibited by autoimmune mechanisms. The results of BMT in patients with endstage leukemia are modest. New pilotstudies with early marrow grafts, i.e. for ANLL in first remission and for ALL in second remission indicate that with this type of approach potentially over 50% of all patients with HLA-identical siblings can be cured. We recommend that HLA-typing should be performed early in families with SAA and AL and that the possibility of a marrow graft should be seriously considered before the patients have endstage disease. Marrow grafts are technically simple but they may pose enormous problems such as graft versus host reaction (GvH), interstitial pneumonia, graft rejection and leukemic recurrence. Therefore, the procedure should only be performed in highly specialized centers with much knowledge and experience in the immunobiology of bone marrow transplantation.
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PMID:[Bone marrow transplantation in severe aplastic anemia and acute leukemia]. 4 65

The proteinase activity was assayed in the leukemia cells L 1210 and in the ascites fluid with [3H] acetylated haemoglobin as a substrate. The proteinase activity at pH 4.1 increased in cells and in the ascites fluid with age of the tumor. The proteinase activity at pH 7.8 was low, but the enzyme activity in the cell homogenate increased between 5th and 7th day of the tumor growth and it was also present in the ascites fluid. It was observed that the leukemia cells aggregate in vivo and in vitro at pH values of the ascites fluid above pH 7.0. It was suggested, that the aggregation of leukemia cells is due to the tumor cell proteinase activity released to the ascites fluid.
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PMID:Proteinase activity and agglutination of leukemia cells. 4 19

Evaluation of the diagnostic utility of the rectal biopsy in graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), using the crypt abscess as a major diagnostic criterion, was based on 52 patients who had received marrow allografts for leukemia or aplastic anemia. Thirty-six of these patients had acute GVHD by skin biopsy criteria. These 36 patients demonstrated a strong association of the rectal crypt abscess with severity of clinical GVHD. High stool volume also correlated strongly with the crypt abscess. Patients without clear evidence of GVHD usually had normal rectal histology. Serial studies showed a good correlation of rectal biopsy results with the clinical course of acute GVHD. Patients with chronic GVHD had rectal mucosal damage only during the acute phase. Rectal ileal and cecal disease accurately. The rectal biopsy is a useful adjunct to serial skin biopsies in the diagnosis of GVHD in man.
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PMID:Gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease in man. A clinicopathologic study of the rectal biopsy. 4 7


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