Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Graft versus host reaction (GVH) is a major complication of allogenic marrow transplants. The GVH present is a pluri-visceral syndrome in which certain pulmonary disorders are recognised. Amongst these respiratory failure by bronchiolitis is not an exceptional presentation. The case reported here is of an 18 year old man who developed, immediately following a marrow graft for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, a lethal obstructive respiratory failure after progression for 2 1/2 years. The respiratory function data (TVO with elevated residual volume (VR) and VR/Total lung capacity (CT) hypoxia which corrected on exercise with normocapnia then hypoxic hypercapnia; compliance normal at low frequency but fell at high frequency and inspiratory and expiratory resistance was raised: DLCO/VA was normal) allowed the confirmation of obstructive respiratory failure by disease of the small airways. The pathogenesis of CVH is equivocal. Recurring infections seem to play a role, favoured by iatrogenic factors such as chemotherapy and total body irradiation. In the case reported here the first pulmonary signs followed an episode of influenza with sero-conversion.
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PMID:[Bronchiolitis caused by graft versus host reaction after bone marrow allograft]. 332 32

Cyclopentenylcytosine (CPE-C, 2), a pyrimidine analogue of the fermentation derived carbocyclic nucleoside neplanocin A, has been synthesized from the optically active cyclopentenylamine 3b by two synthetic routes. CPE-C demonstrates significant antitumor activity against both the sensitive and ara-C resistant lines of L1210 leukemia in vivo. Multiple long term survivors are produced in both tumor models. The compound also gives 100% growth inhibition of the solid human A549 lung and MX-1 mammary tumor xenografts grown in athymic mice. Good activity is also observed against a third human tumor xenograft model, metastatic LOX melanoma. CPE-C has significant activity against both DNA and RNA viruses in vitro. Potent activity is observed against HSV-1 (TK+ and TK-), HSV-2, vaccinia, cytomegalovirus, and varicella-zoster virus. Good activity is also found against a strain of influenza virus (Hong Kong flu), vesicular stomatitis virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, and Punta Toro virus.
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PMID:Cyclopentenylcytosine. A carbocyclic nucleoside with antitumor and antiviral properties. 341 97

Sixty-four patients with hairy-cell leukemia (HCL) (61 had undergone prior splenectomy) were treated with alpha-2 interferon (Intron A, Schering Corp, Kenilworth, NJ) subcutaneously three times per week at a dosage of 2 X 10(6) U/m2. Three patients (5%) demonstrated a complete response (CR) with apparent eradication of hairy cells from the bone marrow, 45 patients (70%) showed a partial response (PR) defined as normalization of all three blood counts associated with decreased involvement in the bone marrow, and nine patients (14%) showed a minor response that included improvement in at least one blood count. Three patients had no response, three patients died before completing 1 month of therapy, and one patient refused further therapy after 1 month of therapy. The median platelet count returned to normal by the second month of treatment. The median hemoglobin returned to greater than 12 mg/dL by the fourth month of treatment, and the median granulocyte count to greater than 1,500/mu by the fifth month of treatment. Bone marrow biopsy analysis during interferon therapy demonstrated a decrease in median hairy-cell index by more than half. Transfusion of both RBCs and platelets were decreased within 4 months of initiating treatment. Serious infections, which averaged four per month in 16 of the 64 patients before interferon therapy, were rarely observed after the first month of treatment. Treatment-induced toxicity was mild, consisting primarily of influenza-like symptoms, fatigue, and minor skin disorders. Alpha-2 interferon therapy is highly effective in reversing the course of progressive HCL and should be considered the treatment of choice for a minimum of 12 months in patients who have progressive disease post-splenectomy.
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PMID:Alpha-2 interferon therapy of hairy-cell leukemia: a multicenter study of 64 patients. 351 80

Thirty-six patients with progressive hairy cell leukemia were treated with recombinant alpha 2b-interferon injected subcutaneously 2 X 10(6) IU/m2, three times a week. Twenty-seven patients completed 12 months of therapy and were randomized either to receive 6 months of continued interferon or to go off treatment. At the time of randomization, two patients had achieved a complete response, 22 a partial response, and three a minimal response. Three patients have relapsed, one while receiving interferon during the randomization period and two who were off therapy for 6 months. The outpatient regimen of interferon administration was well tolerated, with the principal acute toxicities being fever and an influenza-like syndrome and the major long-term toxicity being mild-moderate fatigue.
Leukemia 1987 Apr
PMID:The treatment of hairy cell leukemia with alpha 2b-interferon: experience with 27 patients treated more than one year. 366 56

Cells from the peripheral blood of 32 patients with hairy cell leukemia (HCL) were analyzed for cell membrane fatty acid composition. A consistent and significant change was found in the relative amounts of stearic and oleic acid components, which is expressed as the saturation index (SI), the ratio of stearic to oleic acid content. In all patients, SI was reduced in the erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets. On extended treatment with interferon, the hematological improvement was accompanied by an increase in SI. In two patients, one deteriorating after cessation of treatment and the other on a low maintenance dose of interferon, concurrent influenza infection induced temporary improvements in the blood cell counts, as well as increase in SI values. These results indicate that endogenous interferon can also be effective in inducing hematological and SI improvement in this disease. The relevance of low SI values and concomitant increase in membrane fluidity to the malignant transformation is discussed. It is proposed that one effect of interferon is to reduce the production of growth factors by reducing the malignant cell mass.
Leukemia 1987 Apr
PMID:Saturation index of blood cell membrane fatty acids before and after IFN treatment in hairy cell leukemia. 366 64

Eleven patients with hairy-cell leukemia (eight with progressive and three with non-progressive disease) were treated with low dose recombinant human alpha 2-interferon. After a 3-month treatment period, nine patients showed an improvement and one patient a partial remission. By then, transfusions were not required any more and serious infections were no longer encountered. Four patients were further treated: three for a total period of 9 months and one for 6 months; all of them reached a partial or complete remission. The treatment was equally effective in patients with both progressive and non-progressive disease. Previous absence of response to splenectomy did not preclude a positive effect of IFN therapy. In two patients, IFN dose reduction was necessary due to unremitting flu-like symptoms.
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PMID:Treatment of hairy-cell leukemia with recombinant alpha 2-interferon. 377 55

Twenty-two patients with advanced haemopoietic and other malignancies were treated intramuscularly with recombinant interferon-alpha 2C in a daily escalating dose. The most common side-effects were flu-like symptoms. Two patients showed severe neurotoxicity, which was completely reversible in 1 case. Doses above 30 X 10(6) IU/day were poorly tolerated and could only be achieved in a minority of the patients. Objective tumour responses were documented in malignant lymphomas, hairy cell leukaemia, and renal cell carcinoma.
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PMID:Phase I study of recombinant human interferon alpha-2C in patients with chemotherapy-refractory malignancies. 408 Feb 99

Ten ribonucleic acid (RNA) tumor viruses grown in five different host cell species and three non-oncogenic viruses from three different virus groups have been examined for ribonuclease H content. Three different substrates were used to assay ribonuclease H: calf thymus [(3)H]RNA-deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) hybrid prepared with denatured calf thymus DNA and Escherichia coli DNA-directed RNA polymerase, (3)H-polydenylic acid [(3)H-poly(A)] complexed to polydeoxythymidylic acid [poly(dT)], and (3)H-polyuridylic acid [(3)H-poly(U)] complexed to polydeoxyadenylic acid [poly(dA)]. All ten RNA tumor viruses contained ribonuclease H activity which degraded the RNA of both the calf thymus hybrid and poly(A)-poly(dT), whereas only the ribonuclease H in the Moloney strain of murine sarcoma-leukemia virus and in RD-feline leukemia virus hydrolyzed the RNA strand of poly(U)-poly(dA). No appreciable ribonuclease H activity was detected in influenza, Sendai, or vesicular stomatitis virus. The ribonuclease H and RNA-directed DNA polymerase activities in Moloney murine sarcoma-leukemia virus were inseparable by phosphocellulose chromatography or glycerol gradient centrifugation, but appeared to be partially separated by diethylaminoethyl-cellulose chromatography.
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PMID:Ribonuclease H: a ubiquitous activity in virions of ribonucleic acid tumor viruses. 411 67

A longitudinal study of 1,959 infants born in the first week of March 1958 to mothers who were reported to have had influenza during pregnancy revealed an incidence of cancer of 4.1 per 1,000 compared with only 0.8 per 1,000 among the 14,791 infants of mothers who had not had influenza.This increase was caused by cases of leukaemia and other neoplasms of lymphatic and haematopoietic tissue (I.C.D. 200-209) (P <0.0001).Data from the reports of the Registrar General for England and Wales were used to estimate the number of infants born in each year from 1955 to 1964 who subsequently died of cancer before 5 years of age. The rates for each year were compared with an estimate of the prevalence of influenza during the preceding winter. After allowing for the overall trend in the cancer death rate, a highly significant correlation was shown with deaths attributed to causes classified as I.C.D. 200-209 (P <0.005), but not with deaths attributed to other cancers. The increase in the risk of developing these neoplasms among children whose mothers had influenza is estimated to be not less than fourfold. Even so the risk remains small (3 to 4 per 1,000).
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PMID:Reported influenza in pregnancy and subsequent cancer in the child. 433 48

The possibility of an association between virus infections during pregnancy and subsequent malignant disease in the child has been investigated using retrospective data from the Oxford Survey of Childhood Cancers. Such an association appears to exist for influenza, chickenpox, and possibly rubella. For influenza and rubella the estimated risk is small; the data do not permit an estimate to be made directly in the case of chickenpox. It is suggested that there may be a specific association between maternal chickenpox and tumours of the nervous system.It is important to emphasize that, even if the relative risk associated with these viruses is fairly large, the number of cases of childhood cancer and leukaemia actually attributable to them is probably very small.
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PMID:Association between malignant disease in children and maternal virus infections. 434 14


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