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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study was undertaken in order to estimate the incidence of leukemia among Koreans. Medical records were studied of patients with diagnoses of either ICD-9 038 (septicemia), or 204-208 (leukemias), or 284 (aplastic anemia), or 289 (other diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs) in the claims sent in by medical care institutions throughout the country to the Korea Medical Insurance Corporation (KMIC) during the period from January 1, 1986 to December 31, 1987. These records were abstracted in order to identify and confirm new cases of leukemia among the beneficiaries of KMIC, which covers about 10% of the whole Korean population. Using these data from the KMIC, the incidence rates of leukemia among Koreans were estimated as of July 1st, 1986 to June 30, 1987. The crude incidence rate of all types of leukemia among Koreans is estimated to be 3.45 (95% CI; 0.77-9.55) and 2.29 (95% CI; 0.28-7.81) per 100,000 in males and females, respectively. The cumulative rate for the age span 0-64 is 0.25% in males and 0.18% in females, and for the age span 0-74, 0.35% in males and 0.23% in females. The adjusted rates for the standard world population are 3.90 and 2.48 per 100,000 in males and females, respectively. The relative frequencies by type are 51.5% for AML, 21.6% for ALL, 20.2% for CML, and only 1.5% for CLL. The incidence patterns of various types of leukemia, of which this is the first report in Korea, are analyzed and presented.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Incidence estimation of leukemia among Koreans. 184 38

The relationship between leukemia and occupation was investigated in a case-control study using death certificates of 5,147 men who died of leukemia (ICD-9 codes 204-208) and 51,470 who died of other causes in 16 U.S. states from 1985 to 1987. Of six occupational activities identified previously as potentially increasing the risk of leukemia, only petroleum refining and rubber manufacturing had excess deaths for all leukemias combined (odds ratios (ORs) = 1.3, 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 0.6-2.8 and 0.9-1.8, respectively). Meat workers and wood workers had elevated mortality from acute lymphocytic leukemia (OR = 2.2, 95% CI = 0.7-7.0 and OR = 1.3, 95% CI = 0.8-2.2, respectively). There was no leukemia excess among farmers or auto mechanics. A survey of 43 other occupational groups indicated a widespread excess of leukemia among white collar occupations, primarily managers and professionals, but none among blue collar workers. This pattern was most pronounced for men under 65 years of age, and existed for all leukemia subtypes and among both blacks and whites. Despite the lack of specific exposure information and other limitations of death certificate data, these results encourage further examination of occupational causes of leukemia.
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PMID:Occupation and leukemia mortality among men in 16 states: 1985-1987. 203 49

The relation of brain cancer and mortality from leukaemia to electrical occupations was investigated in a case-control study based on all deaths in 1985 and 1986 in the 16 states in the United States that report occupational data from death certificates to the national vital statistics registry. The case series comprised all 2173 men who died of primary brain cancer (International Classification of Diseases-9 ((ICD-9) code 191) and all 3400 who died of leukaemia (ICD-9 codes 204-208). Each was matched with 10 controls who died of other causes in the same year. Men employed in any electrical occupation had age race adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of 1.4 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1-1.7) for brain cancer and 1.0 (95% CI 0.8-1.2) for leukaemia, compared with men in all other occupations. Brain cancer odds ratios were larger for electrical engineers and technicians (OR 2.7, 95% CI 2.1-3.4), telephone workers (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1-2.4), electric power workers (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1-2.7), and electrical workers in manufacturing industries (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.3-3.4). There was some evidence of excess leukaemia among the same groups (ORs of 1.1-1.5) despite absence of an association for all electrical workers. The excess of deaths from brain cancer was concentrated among men aged 65 or older, whereas leukaemia was associated with electrical work only among younger decedents and those with acute lymphocytic leukaemia. These results from a large and geographically diverse population corroborate reports of increased mortality from brain cancer among electrical workers, but gives only limited support to suggestions of excess deaths from leukaemia.
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PMID:Mortality from brain cancer and leukaemia among electrical workers. 220 35

The association of acute leukemia (AL) and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in 89 patients with a de novo diagnosis of AL made in our center during the last 8 years was retrospectively evaluated. DIC was demonstrated in 14 patients (15.7%) (7 AML-M3, 1 AML-M3, 1 AML-M2, 1 AML-M4, 2 AML-M5, and 2 ALL-L1). In 5 of them ICD was diagnosed after the beginning of chemotherapy. The factors predisposing to the development of DIC were: 1) the type of AL (p less than 0.01), as 70% of AML-M3 had DIC; 2) the intensity of granulation in leukemia cells (p less than 0.004); 3) the presence of Auer's rods and/or splinters in these cells, and 4) the presence of hemorrhagic diathesis (p less than 0.007). Eight of the 14 patients with DIC received heparin at a prophylactic dosage. No significant differences in the clinical course were in the group of patients with DIC who received heparin and in those who did not, excepting that in the former the platelet requirements were higher (p less than 0.005). Mortality rate during the first month was higher in the group of AL with DIC than in AL without DIC (p less than 0.025). Long term mortality was similar in both groups. The control of hemostasis is fundamental in AL, even in those patients without DIC at the time of diagnosis. The administration of blood derivatives has a high priority in AL with DIC. The role of heparin is still controversial.
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PMID:[Association of acute leukemia with disseminated intravascular coagulation in adults. Analysis of 14 cases]. 260 8

The diagnosis related groups system developed to pay for Medicare services under prospective payment has certain built-in constraints, owing to limitations in the data available at the time. To identify additional dimensions potentially relevant to case mix, we used a multivariate grouping model-"Grade of Membership"-on discharge records for patients 65 years of age and older hospitalized in Maryland in 1981 with diagnoses of breast cancer, leukemia, or lung cancer. We found that five dimensions are required to accurately type patients: prognosis, disease severity, the interaction effect of multiple illnesses, admission status, and treatment strategy. We also found that at least three possible stages of treatment can be identified and classified. We discuss the implications of our findings for DRG classification, administrative billing records, and the ICD-9 system.
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PMID:The complexity of chronic disease at later ages: practical implications for prospective payment and data collection. 294 80

The relation between leukaemia and smoking habits was examined in data from the veterans' smoking study, a prospective study of mortality among 248,000 United States veterans, of whom 723 died of leukaemia during 1954-69. A significant increase in mortality from leukaemia among cigarette smokers (relative risk 1.53) was found, together with a dose-response relation with amount smoked (trend p less than 0.001). The relation was strongest (relative risk 1.72) for monocytic and chronic and unspecified myeloid leukaemias (ICD (7th revision) codes 204.1 and 204.2). For these leukaemias the increase was almost twofold (relative risk 1.93) among current smokers of over 20 cigarettes daily. Ex-cigarette smokers also showed an increase of leukaemia (relative risk 1.39; p less than 0.001). These findings are consistent with other studies and relevant to the interpretation of minor increases of leukaemia both in population and in individual based studies. If causal they also imply that smoking is responsible for many more deaths from leukaemia in adults than all other known causes combined.
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PMID:Leukaemia and smoking habits among United States veterans. 317 46

A proportionate mortality study of police and firefighters in New Jersey was conducted using the records of a comprehensive retirement system. Three reference populations were used: U.S. general population, New Jersey general population, and police as a reference group for the firefighters. Overall neither group differed from the New Jersey male population in the cause of death. Analyses by latency showed an increase in skin cancer and cirrhosis in firefighters and cirrhosis in police. With increased time from first employment, an inverse association was found between heart disease and time of first exposure. This was reflected in statistically significant increased proportionate mortality rates (PMR) for arteriosclerotic heart disease (ASHD) (ICD 410-414) for both working police (PMR = 1.15) and firefighters (PMR = 1.2). Retired police and firefighters had PMRs of 0.96 and 0.98, respectively. Firefighters had a significant increase in nonmalignant respiratory disease (PMR = 1.98) and leukemia (PMR = 2.76) when the police were used as a reference group. Potential causes of the above findings are discussed.
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PMID:Mortality in police and firefighters in New Jersey. 348 81

The relevance of occupational exposure to electrical and magnetic fields (EMF) in the etiology of leukemia has been raised in several studies. Underground coal miners represent an occupational group with situationally determined EMF exposure, as high-voltage power distribution lines are strung overhead in the mines and converters and step-down transformers provide power to mining equipment. Risk in occupational exposure to EMF was examined in a case-control study of 40 leukemia decedents and 160 control subjects who died of causes other than cancer or accident and who were matched on age at death. The control subjects were selected from a group of 6,066 persons whose deaths were reported in four National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health cohort mortality follow-up studies. Based on these data, 25 or more years of underground mining, a surrogate of EMF exposure, was found to pose a statistically significant risk for leukemia (International Classification of Diseases [ICD] codes 204 through 207, eighth revision), myelogenous leukemia (ICD 205), and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (ICD 204.1). Accumulative exposure to chemical agents probably poses a risk for acute myelogenous leukemia, although this relationship fell short of being statistically significant. Although CLL has not previously been attributed to environmental agents, these data suggest a possible CLL risk from prolonged exposure to EMF.
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PMID:Leukemia risk among U.S. white male coal miners. A case-control study. 404 77

The ICD classification of the myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), and the four main features of the descriptive epidemiology of the condition are discussed. MDS is: (1) a rare disease; which may be, (2) on the increase; (3) which primarily affects the elderly; and (4) which predominantly affects men. We reviewed four causal models pertaining to the relationship between MDS and leukemia. These models may be described as: (1) non-biological correlates; (2) biological correlates; (3) early phase; and (4) interactive cause. Each model is described and the evidence in support of or against each is presented.
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PMID:Epidemiologic perspectives on myelodysplastic syndromes and leukemia. 759 48

There has been some empirical support for the hypothesis that population mixing from internal migration may be related to increased infection or occurrence of excess of childhood leukemia. In this study, the incidence of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) was examined in relationship to geographic variation and degree of population mixing. It is known that SIDS is more common in the winter months, in lower social classes, in larger families, and is preceded by minor infections. The expectation is that SIDS will be higher in areas with greater numbers of long-distance migrants. Data were obtained on all 403 local authority districts from the 1979-83 Decennial Supplement on Area Mortality for England and Wales, and the 1981 Population Census. The observed and expected numbers of infant deaths from diseases of the respiratory system (ICD460-519) were collected along with SIDS (ICD 798.0) in order to examine whether there was underreporting or overreporting of SIDS in high migration areas. Data was controlled for confounding factors such as legitimacy and illegitimacy, and estimating, from legitimate birth data, social class data. The results showed that the ratio of observed to expected numbers of AIDS deaths increased with increased rate of migration from outside the region. Districts with 3 or more migrants per 100 residents had a 62% higher ratio than areas with 1 migrant per 100 residents. Differences were highly significant: x2 = 94.75, for 1 degree of difference, p 0.001. After adjustment for social class and illegitimacy, the results indicated a highly statistically significant trend that was stronger than the initial analysis: x2 = 101.99, 1 degree of difference, p 0.001. There was only a minor impact of confounding factors on the observed trend. There was a statistically significant negative trend for the relationship between infant respiratory deaths and inter-regional migration rates: x2 = 7.18, 1 degree of difference, p = 0.007. The opposite sign was interpreted as evidence of some diagnostic confusion in assignment of SIDS deaths, but the disproportion of numbers of respiratory and SIDS deaths in the highest and lowest migration groups was very large (159 deaths from SIDs and a deficit of 19.4 respiratory deaths in the highest group). The difference between the highest and lowest respiratory disease group was 7%, but 62% with SIDS. The provisional conclusion was that the extent of population mixing does affect SIDs incidence.
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PMID:Population mixing and sudden infant death syndrome in England and Wales. 796 Mar 79


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