Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We established a cell culture system for the replication of hepatitis C virus (HCV) by using human T and B leukemia cell lines. These 2 cell lines were infected in vitro by using HCV-positive pooled patient serum samples. HCV RNA was extracted from infected cell lines at different times after infection, and a sequence of the virus 5' untranslated region was analyzed. Hepatitis C minus-strand RNA was detected in the infected cell lines by highly strand-specific rTth (recombinant Thermus thermophilus DNA polymerase)-based reverse transcription followed by a novel, highly sensitive, single-tube nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. PCR products were analyzed by direct DNA sequencing. These results indicate that the HCV can replicate in T and B lymphocytes. This model should represent a valuable tool for the detailed study of the initial steps of the HCV replication cycle and for the evaluation of antiviral molecules.
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PMID:Detection of extrahepatic hepatitis C virus replication by a novel, highly sensitive, single-tube nested polymerase chain reaction. 1252 Jul 3

Primary lymphoma of the liver (PLL) is rare. In some cases, the hepatic lymphoma has been diagnosed in patients who were infected by the hepatitis C virus (HCV). It has been suggested that HCV plays a role in the pathogenesis of lymphoma. The aim of our multicentric retrospective study was to assess the characteristics of PLL and to determine the prevalence of HCV infection in PLL. Thirty-one immunocompetent patients (anti-human immunodeficiency virus, anti-human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus negative, no history of allograft) with PLL fulfilled the entire selection criteria. The liver biopsy specimens were reassessed by the same pathologist. The non-Hodgkin's lymphomas were classified according to the World Health Organization classification. Blood samples were tested in 28 patients for antibodies to HCV, and HCV RNA was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. In the majority of cases, the clinical, biologic, and radiologic data were nonspecific. Twenty-seven of 31 patients presented a B-cell lymphoma corresponding to the centroblastic morphologic variant of a diffuse, large B-cell lymphoma (22 cases), a Burkitt's lymphoma (1 case), an extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue type (3 cases), and unclassified, small B-cell lymphoma (1 case). The 4 other cases were T-cell lymphomas. The prevalence of HCV infection was 21% (6 of 28 cases). All of these patients were positive for HCV RNA by polymerase chain reaction in blood. Most of the HCV-infected patients presented a high-grade, B-cell type lymphoma. In conclusion, our study confirms the rarity of PLL and demonstrates an increased prevalence of HCV infection.
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PMID:Primary lymphoma of the liver: clinical-pathological features and relationship with HCV infection in French patients. 1266 70

The TRUGENE HIV-1 Genotyping Kit and OpenGene DNA Sequencing System are designed to sequence the protease (PR)- and reverse transcriptase (RT)-coding regions of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) pol. Studies were undertaken to determine the accuracy of this assay system in detecting resistance-associated mutations and to determine the effects of RNA extraction methods, anticoagulants, specimen handling, and potentially interfering substances. Samples were plasma obtained from HIV-infected subjects or seronegative plasma to which viruses derived from wild-type and mutant infectious molecular clones (IMC) of HIV-1 were added. Extraction methods tested included standard and UltraSensitive AMPLICOR HIV-1 MONITOR, QIAGEN viral RNA extraction mini kit, and QIAGEN Ultra HIV extraction kit, and NASBA manual HIV-1 quantitative NucliSens. Sequence data from test sites were compared to a "gold standard" reference sequence to determine the percent agreement. Comparisons between test and reference sequences at the nucleotide level showed 97.5 to 100% agreement. Similar results were obtained regardless of extraction method, regardless of use of EDTA or acid citrate dextrose as anticoagulant, and despite the presence of triglycerides, bilirubin, hemoglobin, antiretroviral drugs, HIV-2, hepatitis C virus (HCV), HBV, cytomegalovirus, human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), or HTLV-2. Samples with HIV-1 RNA titers of >or=1,000 copies/ml gave consistent results. The TRUGENE HIV-1 Genotyping Kit and OpenGene DNA Sequencing System consistently generate highly accurate sequence data when tested with IMC-derived HIV and patient samples.
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PMID:Performance characteristics of the TRUGENE HIV-1 Genotyping Kit and the Opengene DNA Sequencing System. 1268 50

The association of hepatitis C and certain hemotological diseases (non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma, villous splenic lymphoma.) is a debated question which remains open due to discordant epidemiological data. We report the case of a new patient with chronic hepatitis C and tricholeukocyte leukemia.
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PMID:[Hepatitis C and tricholeukocyte leukemia: a fortuitous association? A case report]. 1274 51

Infectious agents, mainly viruses, are among the few known causes of cancer and contribute to a variety of malignancies worldwide. The agents and cancers considered here are human papillomaviruses (cervical carcinoma); human polyomaviruses (mesotheliomas, brain tumors); Epstein-Barr virus (B-cell lymphoproliferative diseases and nasopharyngeal carcinoma); Kaposi's Sarcoma Herpesvirus (Kaposi's Sarcoma and primary effusion lymphomas); hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses (hepatocellular carcinoma); Human T-cell Leukemia Virus-1 (T-cell leukemias); and helicobacter pylori (gastric carcinoma), which account for up to 20% of malignancies around the globe. The criteria most often used in determining causality are consistency of the association, either epidemiologic or on the molecular level, and oncogenicity of the agent in animal models or cell cultures. However use of these generally applied criteria in deciding on causality is selective, and the criteria may be weighted differently. Whereas for most of the tumor viruses the viral genome persists in an integrated or episomal form with a subset of viral genes expressed in the tumor cells, some agents (HBV, HCV, helicobacter) are not inherently oncogenic, but infection leads to transformation of cells by indirect means. For some malignancies the viral agent appears to serve as a cofactor (Burkitt's lymphoma-EBV; mesothelioma - SV(40)). For others the association is inconsistent (Hodgkin's Disease, gastric carcinomas, breast cancer-EBV) and may either define subsets of these malignancies, or the virus may act to modify phenotype of an established tumor, contributing to tumor progression rather than causing the tumor. In these cases and for the human polyomaviruses the association with malignancy is less consistent or still emerging. In contrast despite the potent oncogenic properties of some strains of human adenovirus in tissue culture and animals the virus has not been linked with any human cancers. Finally it is likely that more agents, most likely viruses, both known and unidentified, have yet to be implicated in human cancer. In the meantime study of tumorigenic infectious agents will continue to illuminate molecular oncogenic processes.
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PMID:Infectious agents and cancer: criteria for a causal relation. 1548 39

The etiology of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is unknown in the majority of the cases. Although Epstein-Barr virus, human T-cell leukemia-lymphoma virus and human herpes virus-8 have been established as casual agents in the pathogenesis of specific types of lymphoma, the role of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in lymphomagenesis remains controversial, with marked geographic variability. We conducted an epidemiologic study to evaluate the prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in patients with lymphoma in South Florida. Ninety consecutive patients with lymphoma and 96 consecutive control patients with solid tumors were tested for HCV. HCV infection was detected in 2 patients with NHL (2.2%) and in 4 control patients (4.1%). Our study does not support the association between HCV and lymphoma in South Florida, US.
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PMID:Prevalence of hepatitis C infection in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in South Florida and review of the literature. 1562 60

The aim of this study was to determine the carrier rate of hepatitis virus in patients with haematological malignancies and the incidence of liver injury in these patients following chemotherapy. From January 1996 to September 2002, we studied 601 consecutive, unselected series of patients with haematological malignancies admitted in our hospital unit (Japan). They consisted of 246 cases of acute leukaemia, 218 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), 13 adult T-cell leukaemia, and 124 multiple myeloma. Of these 601 patients, 373 were men and 228 were women; their mean age was 61 yr, with a range from 18 to 89 yr. The prevalences of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) were 7.3% and 10.1%, respectively, in NHL, both higher than those in acute leukaemia (1.7% and 2.9%, P < 0.005) and in general Japanese population (1.2% and 2.6%). The incidence of post-chemotherapy liver injury in 25 HBV carriers (36.0%) was significantly higher than that in 539 non-hepatitis virus carriers (12.6%, P = 0.003) and 37 HCV carriers (10.8%, P = 0.026). Liver injury in HBV carriers was more often present in patients who had been treated with steroids than in those without steroids (72.7% and 0%, P = 0.013). After lamivudine became available in our institution, the incidence of liver injury in HBV carriers was reduced from 53.3% to 10.0% (P = 0.041). The therapeutic strategy for haematological malignancies in hepatitis virus carriers should be further investigated.
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PMID:Prevalence of hepatitis B and C virus infection in haematological malignancies and liver injury following chemotherapy. 1565 8

The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of hepatitis B prophylaxis in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and to try to determine the optimal procedure of protection against the infection. The retrospective analysis included 229 patients with ALL divided into three groups depending on the type of anti-HBV prophylaxis. The group 1 (1990-91, 38 patients) received only sporadically passive prophylaxis, in the group 2 (1992-94, 55 patients) passive prophylaxis was regular, and the patients of the group 3 (1995-2001, 138 children) received complete active and passive prophylaxis. Among vaccinated children three subgroups were additionally distinguished: subgroup a--vaccination was completed before the disease, subgroup b--the cycle of vaccination began before and continued during the therapy, subgroup c--the whole cycle of vaccination was performed during the ALL treatment. The efficacy of the prophylaxis was evaluated taking into account the incidence of hepatitis B and the level of anti-HBs antibodies in vaccinated children. Additionally the incidence of hepatitis C was assessed to evaluate the role of unspecific prophylaxis. The incidence of hepatitis B in the group 1, 2, and 3 was: 57.9%, 23.6%, and 0.76%, respectively, and the incidence of hepatitis C: 44.7%, 36.4%, and 5.9%, respectively. The percent of the failure of active prophylaxis in the subgroup a, b, and c was: 29%, 53%, and 93%, respectively. In spite of the reduction of exposure to the infection (unspecific prophylaxis), the role of specific prophylaxis is essential. The program of passive and active prophylaxis used by us is efficient in preventing hepatitis B in children with ALL. However, during the intensive chemotherapy only passive prophylaxis should be used with postponement of the vaccination because of very low response to the vaccination applied in this phase of treatment. Regular control of anti-HBs antibodies' level is essential in all patients with leukemia even in those with initially high level of antibodies.
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PMID:[The assessment of efficacy of hepatitis B prophylaxis in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia]. 1568 54

Persistence is a hallmark of infection by viruses such as HIV, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus and LCMV. In the case of LCMV, persistence may often be associated with exhaustion of CD8(+) T cells. We demonstrate here that persistent antigen suppressed IL-7Ralpha expression and this correlated with T cell exhaustion and reduced expression of the anti-apoptotic molecule B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2). In contrast, exposure to short-lived antigen only temporarily suppressed IL-7Ralpha expression, failed to induce T cell exhaustion, and primed T cells. Persistent antigen also suppressed IL-7Ralpha expression on primed T cells and this correlated with exhaustion of a previously stable primed T cell population. These findings suggest that antigen longevity regulates T cell fate.
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PMID:Inverse correlation between IL-7 receptor expression and CD8 T cell exhaustion during persistent antigen stimulation. 1572 49

We investigated the effects of water and ethyl acetate extracts of Citrus unshiu peel (Aurantii Nobilis pericarpium) on hepatitis C virus (HCV) absorption in MOLT-4 cells (a human lymphoblastoid leukemia cell line). By reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), we showed that both the ethyl acetate layer of Citrus unshiu peel extract and fraction 7 decreased HCV absorption in MOLT-4 cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that 3',4',5,6,7,8-hexamethoxyflavone (nobiletin) is the active ingredient that markedly inhibited HCV infection in MOLT-4 cells.
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PMID:Anti-hepatitis C virus effect of citrus unshiu peel and its active ingredient nobiletin. 1584 36


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