Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to determine the presence of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-RNA in serum samples obtained from 19 patients with leukaemia or severe aplastic anaemia and investigated the correlation between HCV status and the results of liver function tests after bone marrow transplantation. PCR analysis of serum samples obtained before transplant showed that 10 of 18 patients were HCV-RNA-positive; 5 of these patients had developed acute post-transfusion hepatitis 1-11 months before transplant. An additional patient was HCV-RNA-positive on post-transplant day 62. Eight HCV-RNA-positive patients had pre-transplant GPT levels above the upper limit of normal. In these patients the GPT decreased significantly from a median of 104 IU/l (54-822 IU/l) pre-transplant to 23 IU/l (15-56 IU/l) on post-transplant days 8-12. In 9 of 11 HCV-RNA-positive patients, the GPT increased transiently from days 40 to 50 and again increased after day 100. Two of these patients died from hepatic failure; the GPT levels normalised in 3 patients after day 300 but continued to fluctuate in 4 patients. In the remaining 2 HCV-RNA-positive patients, the GPT remained close to the normal range throughout the follow-up period. Three HCV-RNA-positive patients became HCV-RNA-negative after 1-3 years. In these patients, the GPT remained normal for > 3 years after day 300.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Liver function tests of recipients with hepatitis C virus infection after bone marrow transplantation. 801 65

We have studied 30 patients with acute leukemia by the second-generation assay for antibodies to hepatitis C virus (HCV) to determine the incidence of HCV infection and the impact of anti-HCV positivity on liver disease. After a complete remission, 21/30 (70%) patients were anti-HCV-positive. During chemotherapy the anti-HCV-positive patients had more severe liver disease than the anti-HCV-negative patients, and they had a higher incidence of chronic hepatitis (13/21; 62% vs. 1/9; 11%, P < 0.01). During subsequent follow-up, 15/30 (50%) patients relapsed and 15/30 (50%) patients completed the chemotherapy protocols. After a relapse 12/15 (80%) patients were anti-HCV-positive and they had more severe liver disease than the anti-HCV-negative patients. Among the patients who completed chemotherapy (n = 15), biochemical evidence of chronic hepatitis was found in 9/9 (100%) anti-HCV-positive, and 2/6 (33%) anti-HCV-negative cases during off-therapy follow-up after therapy-withdrawal (P < 0.05). These results indicate that HCV plays an important role in the etiology of chronic hepatitis which could worsen the final prognosis of successfully treated patients with leukemia.
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PMID:Hepatitis C virus infection in patients with leukemia. 803 77

Laboratory research commencing in 1982 led to licensing in the United States in 1985 of a solvent/detergent (SD)-treated anti-haemophilic factor (AHF) concentrate. Licensing was based on (a) studies demonstrating the inactivation of several marker viruses [vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), Sindbis virus, Sendai virus], human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and non-A, non-B hepatitis virus [NANBHV; now known to be principally hepatitis C virus (HCV)] added to AHF just before treatment, (b) the realization that the principal viruses of concern in a transfusion setting (e.g. HIV, HBV, NANBHV) were all lipid-enveloped, and (c) laboratory, preclinical and clinical evidence indicating that AHF and other proteins present in the preparation were unaffected. The applicability of the SD method to a wide range of products and preparations, high process recoveries, and a growing body of viral safety information linked with the failure of several other virus inactivation methods to eliminate hepatitis transmission fostered the adoption of SD technology by more than 50 organizations world-wide. SD mixtures are now used in the preparation of products as diverse as intermediate purity and monoclonal antibody purified AHF and other coagulation factor concentrates, fibrin glue, normal and hyperimmune IgG and IgM preparations including those derived from tissue culture, plasma for transfusion, and various diagnostic controls. Over four million doses of SD-treated products have been administered, and numerous laboratory and clinical studies designed to assess virus safety have been conducted. SD treatment has been shown to inactivate > or = 10(9.2) tissue culture infectious doses (TCID50) of VSV, > or = 10(8.8) TCID50 of Sindbis virus, > or = 10(6.0) TCID50 of Sendai virus, > or = 10(7.3) duck infectious doses of duck HBV, > or = 10(11.0) degrees TCID50 of HIV-1, > or = 10(6.0) TCID50 of HIV-2, > or = 10(6.0) chimpanzee infectious doses (CID50) of HBV, > or = 10(5.0) CID50 of HCV, > or = 10(6.0) TCID50 of cytomegalovirus, > or = 10(5.8) TCID50 of herpes simplex virus type 1, > or = 10(4.0) TCID50 of PI-1, > or = 10(6.0) TCID50 of murine leukemia virus (Mov-3), > or = 10(4.0) TCID50 of murine xenotropic virus, and > or = 10(2.0) TCID50 of Rauscher murine leukemia ecotropic virus. Moreover, in ten prospective clinical studies, 0/53, 0/427, and 0/455 patients susceptible to HBV, NANBHV (HCV), and HIV became infected on follow-up.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Viral safety of solvent-detergent treated blood products. 817 97

A group of 90 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in first continuous complete remission (CCR), admitted in our hospital between January 1986 and September 1992, were tested for the presence of antibodies against hepatitis C virus (HCV), antibodies against hepatitis B virus and antibodies against HIV-1 during maintenance therapy or thereafter. They were compared with a group of 71 children with other malignancies in first CCR who had been diagnosed consecutively from January 1986 to September 1992. No patient with ALL or any other malignancy was found to be positive for hepatitis B surface antigen or HIV-1. HCV-specific antibodies were detected in 28 out of 87 children (32.1%) with ALL and in 4 out of 44 patients (9%) with malignancies other than ALL who had received at least one transfusion of blood or platelets (P < 0.01). HCV-specific antibodies were also detected in one out of three untransfused children with ALL but in none of the untransfused children with malignancies other than ALL. HCV-specific seropositivity influenced the management of children with ALL during maintenance therapy. In fact, as a result of abnormal liver function tests, maintenance therapy had to be suspended significantly more often in the case of HCV-seropositive patients with ALL than in HCV-seronegative ones. Despite the high morbidity during maintenance therapy, chronic liver disease (CLD) was uncommon in both groups: five children with ALL (17.2% of HCV-seropositive children) and one child with a malignancy other than ALL (25%) had CLD.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Incidence and morbidity of infection by hepatitis C virus in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. 819 62

The prevalence of hepatitis C antibodies (anti-HCV) among multitransfused patients was studied and compared with predicted values obtained from a post-transfusion hepatitis study and from data on the prevalence of anti-HCV among blood donors. The prevalence of hepatitis B core antibodies (anti-HBc) was also studied to determine the routes of transmission of hepatitis C virus. The patients consisted of 65 dialysis patients (57 on haemodialysis and 8 on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis) and 71 leukaemia patients in long-term remission [49 with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and 22 with acute lymphatic leukaemia (ALL)]. The presence of anti-HCV was investigated using a second generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Reactive samples were confirmed by a second generation recombinant immunoblot assay. Anti-HBc was studied in the 65 dialysis patients and in 40 of the leukaemia patients. Three (4.6%) of the 65 dialysis patients and 12 (24.5%) of the 49 AML patients were anti-HCV positive whereas all of the ALL patients were seronegative. The total number of blood units transfused to 134 patients (data on two dialysis patients were not available) was 18,148, out of which 17,575 units had been transfused prior to the initiation of anti-HCV screening of blood donors. On the basis of the anti-HCV prevalence among blood donors and the incidence of post-transfusion hepatitis, the predicted number of seropositive patients was 11 and 18, respectively. Five of the 65 dialysis patients were anti-HBc positive, compared with only one of the 40 leukaemia patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Hepatitis C antibodies in dialysis patients and patients with leukaemia. 822 23

Sera from 215 non-drug-injecting Toba and Mataco-Mataguayo pure Indians belonging to four communities in northern Argentina were examined using assays that allow differentiation between reactivities due to type-specific antigens of the human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus (HTLV). Three of these populations have very little contact with non-Indian groups and reside in remote, isolated areas. HTLV-II type-specific seroreactivity was present in 24 (13.7%) of the 175 Indians older than 13 years of age and in none of the 40 who were of younger ages. None of the Indians had antibodies reacting with HTLV-I type-specific antigen. Seroreactivity was more prevalent and appeared at younger ages in females than in males. The majority of the HTLV-II-seropositive Indians belonged to the more isolated communities. The seroprevalences among the Tobas and Mataco-Mataguayo Indians were comparable. With the exception of a Toba who was positive in a test for Treponema pallidum, no serological evidence of sexually transmitted infections with this spirochete, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and human immunodeficiency virus was found among the Indians tested. None of the 55 non-Indian people tested in the region showed HTLV-II type-specific seroreactivity. PCR analysis of DNA isolated from peripheral blood lymphocytes of seropositive Indians confirmed that the virus present in these populations is HTLV-II. Sequence analysis of PCR-amplified genomic segments showed that the virus belongs to the HTLV-II subtype which has been found to be endemic in other Paleo-American Indians.
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PMID:High rate of infection with the human T-cell leukemia retrovirus type II in four Indian populations of Argentina. 824 80

The slow virus infection (SVI) established by Gajdusek DC in 1964 has been known to involve not only Kuru or Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease but also hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and very recently human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. These all viruses potentially develop serious, irreversible disease, ie, hepatoma or adult T-cell leukemia, after long latent periods. HBV, HTLV-1 and HCV can be transmitted vertically from carrier mothers to their offspring, and therefore, are serious SVIs in the field of obstetrics. HB immunoglobulin (HBIG) and HB vaccine have been used clinically for the prevention of HBV vertical transmission (VT) under the guidance of the Ministry of Public Welfare in Japan. This nation-wide trial has much contributed to reducing the development of new carriers. However, the protocol recommended by the Ministry is a bit noncost-effective and troublesome for the patients and physicians. To solve the problem we newly designed our own regimen based on the natural history of HBV VT, the neonatal immune response to the recombinant vaccine and cost-effectiveness, and compared it with the Ministry one. It is not doubt that breast feeding is the most important route for HTLV-1 VT. However, other infectious routes, ie, intrauterine or transvaginal infection, have been recently worth noticing.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Slow virus infection in the field of obstetrics and gynecology--with special reference to HBV, HTLV-1 and HCV]. 837 Oct 12

Molecular biology techniques are now a vital part of hepatitis virology, with a central role in studies of diagnosis, epidemiology, virology, pathogenesis, and natural history of infection. Cloning of the genome of hepatitis E virus has allowed its tentative classification as a calici- or related virus, and is the first step toward the development of a vaccine. Long-term implications of hepatitis C for groups such as children with hemophilia, thalassemia, and even leukemia can be better understood by comparison of virus load measured by molecular amplification of the plasma viral RNA with the serologic and clinical status of the respective cohorts of children. A new vaccine for hepatitis A has been licensed in several European countries, and recent experience with severe hepatitis in infants after unexpected transmission of hepatitis B from anti-hepatitis B e positive mothers reemphasizes the value of universal hepatitis B immunization programs. Mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis C virus has now been well documented, but there are still insufficient data on the dynamics of this, particularly in the absence of passive immunoprophylaxis or a vaccine, to permit recommendations regarding the management of individual pregnancies or deliveries. There is especially too little information to suggest whether breast feeding may be an important mechanism for transmission.
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PMID:Hepatitis viruses and protection against infection in children. 837 24

The presence of viruses in blood cells or plasma from asymptomatic donors is the major risk of transmitting an infectious agent through blood transfusion. The main viruses involved are hepatitis viruses and retroviruses. The risk of transmitting hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been progressively and efficiently reduced in the last years by the successive introduction of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) screening, elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), antibody to hepatitis B core (HBc Ab), and more recently antibody to hepatitis C virus (HCV Ab). The risk of transmitting human retroviruses like human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus (HTLV) has also been reduced drastically thanks to screening for corresponding antibodies. However, except for HBs Ag screening, the immunoassays used for HCV, HIV, or HTLV only detect antibodies. Therefore, although they are infectious, a few blood units may be not discarded. The efficacy of preventive measures depends on the incubation time, the infectivity during this silent phase, and the sensitivity of screening procedures. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and parvovirus B 19 are responsible for common infections. Consequently, 30% to more than 50% adults have serologic evidence of past infection. However, both viruses may cause severe primo-infections in some circumstances, especially in pregnant women or immunodeficient individuals.
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PMID:[Viral risks associated with blood transfusion]. 838 12

We have done a study in order two know the prevalence of anti-hepatitis C virus antibodies in polytransfused patients with hemophilia, leukemia and hemolytic anemia, along with 17 healthy donors, without previous history of transfusions. We analyzed samples from 10 hemophilic patients and 12 from leukemia, lymphoma and hemolytic anemia, all of them had received blood or blood products, at least six months before the study. Using a second generation ELISA, 4 positive sample (3 hemophilic and 1 lymphoma) were detected (10.26%), which represent a prevalence of 30% in the hemophilic group, in contrast with the prevalence detected in other countries. A very significant statistic association was demonstrated, between the positive ELISA, the amount of the transfused product (P < 0.0004) and the type of blood product used for transfusion (crioprecipited, P = 0.000, plasma P = 0.000).
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PMID:[Prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis C virus in multitransfused patients]. 856 84


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