Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A test system based on morphological alterations and desintegration of hepatitis virus B (HBV) is presented for the approximative evaluation of the virucidal efficacy of a chemical disinfectant. Dane particles, supposed to be the infectious entity of HBV, were partially purified by a trap and a rate zonal ultracentrifugation from serum samples of a patient with chronic hepatitis undergoing an immune suppressive treatment because of leukemia. "Gigasept" on the basis of succine dialdehyd and formaldehyd served as disinfectant for this investigation. In one experiment partially purified Dane particles were exposed to the action of a 5% solution of "Gigasept" on electron microscopic grids. Morphological alterations resulting in derounding, break up of the outer membrane, spiral uncoiling as well as asymmetric enlargement of the space between the outer membrane and the core of the HBV was observed after 2 mins. After 15 mins, the HBV were diffusely stained with loss of the characteristic substructure and became polygonal. The decrease of the number of the particles was proportional to the length of the contact time with the disinfectant. In a second series equal volumes of a 5% solution of "Gigasept" and of a HBV containing serum were in contact for 2 hours, with consecutive purification and morphological characterization of the HBV. The sedimentation of the HBs antigenicity differed from the control. A part of the Dane particles was diffusely stained and lost its substructure. Moreover empty particles in the range of the HBc antigen were found. Another part of Dane particles, however, was morphologically unchanged. The relation of intact and non intact particles could possibly serve as parameter for the HBV virucidy.-Thermo inactivation (3 mins, +98 degrees C) of the HBV in a serum was undertaken for comparison.
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PMID:[Morphological alteration and desintegration of dane particles after exposure with "Gigasept". A first methological attempt for the evaluation of the virucidal efficacy of a chemical disinfectant against hepatitisvirus B ( author's transl)]. 55 69

We reviewed the records of all patients with a diagnosis of malignancy who were treated at our center and who had not had chemotherapy for at least 18 months, to assess the prevalence of chronic hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-negative hepatitis, to assess the prevalence of a marker of hepatitis C virus infection, and to determine the severity of chronic liver disease. Of 557 eligible patients, 38 (6.8%) had chronic HBsAg-negative hepatitis. Of these 38 patients, 20 (52.6%) had a marker of hepatitis C virus infection. The prevalence of chronic HBsAg-negative hepatitis was higher in patients previously treated for leukemia than in patients treated for another malignancy (11.8% vs 4.6%; p = 0.004). The liver biopsy revealed chronic active hepatitis or cirrhosis or both in 8 (28%) of 28 patients with clinical chronic HBsAg-negative hepatitis. Four patients without hepatitis C virus infection who underwent liver biopsy had hepatitis B virus antigen in the liver, confirmed by immunohistochemistry studies. One patient uninfected with hepatitis C virus had hemochromatosis. We conclude that infection with hepatitis C virus was the major cause of chronic HBsAg-negative hepatitis in pediatric patients previously treated for malignancy; the cause remained unidentified in 30% of the patients.
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PMID:Chronic hepatitis B surface antigen-negative hepatitis after treatment of malignancy. 132 Jun 73

Antibody to the recently identified hepatitis C virus (HCV) was investigated in sera of 50 leukemic children who had chronic liver disease (CLD), observed for 1 to 12.6 years after therapy withdrawal. All patients were tested for anti-HCV at regular intervals: Ortho-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test was performed in all cases. Reactive sera were also tested by recombinant immunoblotting assay to define the specificity of the results obtained by ELISA. Twelve cases (24%) were persistently positive (group A), 11 (22%) were transiently anti-HCV+ positive (group B), and 27 (54%) were negative. Mean SGPT peak during follow-up was significantly higher in group A (P = .014, A v B and P less than .00001, A v C). SGPT normalized off-therapy in 1 of 12 cases (group A), 10 of 11 (group B), and 19 of 27 (group C) (P = .0004, A v B and P = .012, A v C). Accordingly, liver histology, available in 37 patients, showed signs of chronic hepatitis in all patients in group A while most patients in group B and C had less severe liver lesions. These results indicate that HCV plays a significant role in the etiology of chronic hepatitis in leukemic patients and that persistent anti-HCV activity correlates with a more severe CLD, which could jeopardize the final prognosis of children cured of leukemia.
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PMID:Hepatitis C virus infection and chronic liver disease in children with leukemia in long-term remission. 165 63

Interferons are currently the most widely used biological response modifiers. They are of high clinical value in haematological malignancies (chronic myelogenous leukaemia, multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma), in solid tumours (malignant melanoma, hypernephroma, pancreas neoplasms, carcinoid tumours, Kaposi's sarcoma, glioma, in ovarium, cervix and bladder carcinoma, and in basalioma) and in infectious diseases (chronic hepatitis B, chronic non-A/non-B hepatitis, chronic delta hepatitis, AIDS, Papova virus and Rhinovirus infections, leishmaniasis, leprosy) and some other conditions. Although the mechanism of action of interferons has not been explained in every detail these agents are promising therapeutic means in a number of diseases.
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PMID:Role of interferon in clinical practice. 172 32

The production in vitro of interferon alpha and gamma by peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 25 patients with chronic hepatitis B and 13 patients with chronic hepatitis non-A, non-B was compared to that of healthy controls. Following induction by Molt 4 leukemia cells (P less than 0.001) and influenza A/X31 virus (P less than 0.01), there was a significantly lower interferon alpha response in patients with chronic hepatitis B and chronic hepatitis non-A, non-B. Yields of interferon gamma in patients with chronic hepatitis were comparable to those of normal individuals. The degree of interferon deficiency did not correlate with severity of liver disease. In patients with chronic hepatitis B, viral replication (presence or absence of HBeAg) was not related to the defect in interferon alpha production. Three of 10 patients with acute hepatitis B had measurable antiviral activity in the serum for 3-5 days after the onset of jaundice.
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PMID:Interferon alpha in hepatitis type B and non-A, non-B. Defective production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in chronic infection and development of serum interferon in acute disease. 313 84

The prevalence of antibodies to human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), which is linked to the etiology of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), was examined in 380 patients with various liver diseases in Kumamoto Prefecture, southwestern Japan, which is one of the most endemic area for HTLV-1. Eighteen patients with acute hepatitis (AH), 201 chronic hepatitis (CH), 93 liver cirrhosis (LC) 40 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 28 with other liver diseases were examined. Among these patients, 110 patients had histories of blood transfusion. HTLV-1 specific antibodies were assayed by the ELISA method and the Western blotting method. The rate of positive reaction was 8.9% in all, 5.6% in AH, 6.0% in CH, 10.8% in LC, 17.5% in HCC and 14.3% in the cases of other liver diseases. The prevalence of anti-HTLV-1 antibodies in about 62,000 healthy blood donors in this area was 4.7%. The overall sero-prevalence in the patient group was significantly higher (p less than 0.001), than in healthy blood donors, particularly in the LC and HCC groups. Although the occurrence increased with age, no difference between sex was observed. Patients who had received blood transfusions were found to have a higher rate (17.2%), than those who had not (5.9%), and healthy blood donors. No difference was found between the two groups regarding family history of liver disease. This study indicates that blood transfusions may be an important route to the HTLV-1 infection.
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PMID:The seroprevalence of anti-HTLV-1 antibodies in patients with various liver diseases. 322 34

The incidence of acute and chronic liver damage and its relation to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection was evaluated in 164 consecutive children with acute leukemia seen in ten Italian hemato-pediatric units. Thirteen out of 164 children (7.9%) had acute hepatitis (AH) during treatment, while 8/90 (8.8%) showed an acute exacerbation of liver damage within 6 months after therapy withdrawal. Seven of the 13 children with AH while on therapy were HBsAg positive. In 12/13 cases, liver disease progressed to chronicity. Five of eight children who developed AH after completion of treatment were HBsAg positive. Eighty-nine patients (54.2%) developed biochemical evidence of chronic hepatitis during therapy; 48/89 were followed after cessation of treatment and 33 of them showed persisting evidence of liver cell necrosis. Thirty-three out of 133 children (24.8%) tested for serum HBsAg were found positive: 26 (78.7%) of them developed chronic hepatitis. Sixty-four out of 133 patients were evaluated after cessation of treatment: Chronic hepatitis persisted in 16/22 HBsAg-positive (72.7%) and in 17/42 HBsAg-negative (40.4%) children during follow-up. The outcome of these liver diseases after treatment withdrawal did not differ significantly in relation to HBV serology, suggesting that viral rather than toxic agents were responsible for liver damage also in most HBsAg-negative patients. The high incidence of chronic HBV infection in children with leukemia found in this multicentric study could suggest a need for active immunization with HBV vaccine, but the efficacy of such approach in this clinical setting is still to be validated.
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PMID:Acute and chronic hepatitis in childhood leukemia: a multicentric study from the Italian Pediatric Cooperative Group for Therapy of Acute Leukemia (AIL-AIEOP). 385 44

Human T cell leukaemia virus (HTLV), HTLV proviral DNA, and antibodies to HTLV or a related agent have recently been detected in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Antibodies against HTLV-related antigens were assayed by means of indirect living cell immunofluorescence of HTLV-infected cells in sera recently collected from Georgia haemophiliacs and in sera collected between 1976 and 1981 from New York haemophiliacs. 5 of 45 Georgia haemophiliacs and 8 of 48 New York haemophiliacs had antibodies to HTLV-associated cell membrane antigen (HTLV-MA). None of the control Georgia patients on haemodialysis or with chronic hepatitis had detectable antibodies. The 5 haemophiliac patients from Georgia with HTLV-MA had significantly fewer T4 lymphocytes than similar HTLV-MA-negative patients. There were no other significant immunological differences between these groups. These data suggest that transfusions with blood products may expose haemophiliacs to a substantial risk of acquiring HTLV or a related virus.
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PMID:Antibodies to human T cell leukaemia virus-associated membrane antigens in haemophiliacs: evidence for infection before 1980. 613 38

The cases of 31 children with acute leukemia and concurrent hepatitis were evaluated for the outcome of their hepatitis. Thirteen of these children had hepatitis B and 18 children had a non-B hepatitis. Chronic hepatitis developed in more than half of the children with acute hepatitis, with the majority of cases being of the chronic, active type. A majority of these children had received at least one blood transfusion in the preceding year. No relationship was seen between the development of chronicity of the liver disease and the management of the acute hepatitis or the state of underlying disease. With the potential for a cure for acute leukemia increasing, a method of reducing the sequelae of hepatitis in children with leukemia is needed.
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PMID:Outcome of hepatitis in children with acute leukemia. 693 Jan 56

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection frequently causes chronic hepatitis and lack of virus clearance in these patients. In addition, many patients infected by HCV also present with hypergammaglobulinemia in the early stage of chronic infection. These observations raise a possible viral superantigen effect induced by HCV, because viral superantigen found in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or in replication of defective murine leukemia virus (MuLV) is associated with T-cell dysfunction and polyclonal activation of B cells. The possibility was investigated of whether HCV encodes any superantigen by analyzing the usage of T-cell receptor (TCR) from the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of patients with chronic hepatitis C. Two groups, one with hypergammaglobulinemia and the other without hypergammaglobulinemia, were studied for the usage of TCR beta chain by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. It was found that all genes of V beta variable chain were used in the PBL of these patients. Furthermore, there was no significant difference of the TCR expression pattern between these two groups, nor a complete deletion of a particular T-cell subset in either group. These results do not provide evidence for HCV superantigen, but indicate that the TCR usage in the patients was neither defective nor biased.
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PMID:Unbiased usage of T-cell receptor beta variable region genes in peripheral blood cells of hepatitis C patients: no correlation with superantigen effect. 771 89


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