Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) Tax protein and the hepatitis B virus (HBV) X protein have each been shown to activate transcription of their respective viral promoters as well as a subset of cellular gene promoters. Here we show that the HTLV-I long terminal repeat (LTR) is responsive to HBV X transactivation. Maximum levels of X-mediated transactivation of the LTR were 8-fold. An X-responsive-region (XRR) of the LTR is located between nucleotides -355 and -276 and contains an AP-2 binding site, a previously recognized X-responsive element. We demonstrated that Tax and X synergize to activate transcription from the HTLV-I LTR, although the AP-2 binding site was not required for this synergy. These results raise the possibility that the HBV X protein may affect the level of HTLV-I gene expression in co-infected individuals.
 ...
PMID:Activation of the HTLV-I long terminal repeat by the hepatitis B virus X protein. 886 15

A female chronic hepatitis B virus carrier (HBV-DNA negative) suffered from simultaneous hepatitis B virus and cytomegalovirus reactivation after in vivo T cell depletion preceding transplantation of an in vitro T cell depleted marrow graft for treatment of acute leukaemia. Interstitial pneumonia developing after bone marrow transplantation was successfully treated with ganciclovir (day 13 until day 46). The initially unnoticed extensive hepatitis B virus replication finally led to clinical hepatitis (day 85) and liver failure (day 96). Liver transplantation was performed, but the patient died from septicaemia. Retrospective analysis of hepatitis B virus DNA revealed that the HBV replication started immediately after T cell depletion and was completely suppressed during ganciclovir administration. Screening for HBV-DNA seems to be mandatory in comparable cases, and antiviral chemotherapy should be seriously considered.
 ...
PMID:Reactivated fulminant hepatitis B virus replication after bone marrow transplantation: clinical course and possible treatment with ganciclovir. 900 27

Interferon alfa and its related compounds have been used for more than 10 years in the treatment of a number of conditions including viral illnesses, childhood hemangiomas, various cancers, and leukemia. The potential applications for this class of medication continue to grow. The use of interferon alfa in experimental protocols has also increased, thus making it more likely that new indications will be discovered. It is probable that primary care physicians will be called on to initiate therapy or will see patients being treated with interferon in their practice. We report the development of interferon-related retinopathy in a 43-year-old man while he was receiving experimental treatment with interferon alfa for hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection. The vision loss was acute and only partially reversible. Interferon, its mechanism of action, and the past literature are briefly discussed.
 ...
PMID:Interferon alfa-associated retinopathy. 902 79

An increased number of adults with mental retardation are living in the community and seeking health care from family physicians. When mentally retarded patients are enrolled in a medical practice, guardianship status should be determined, but these patients should be involved in their own care to as great an extent possible. Since a verbal history may be difficult to obtain, a systematic, thorough physical examination is important. Certain Illnesses, such as hepatitis B, recurrent aspiration syndrome, leukemia and atlantoaxial instability, are much more common in adults with Down syndrome then in adults with mental retardation from other causes. Seizures and mental illness are equally common in all mentally retarded adults. The behavior management and pharmacologic therapy of patients with mental retardation are best handled in close association with caregivers, as well as psychiatrists and neurologists who are familiar with the special needs of this population.
 ...
PMID:Primary care of adults with mental retardation living in the community. 955 40

Interferon alfa-2a shows both antiviral and antitumoral activity, but its role in the treatment of many conditions remains controversial. It is, however, the treatment of choice for chronic, active hepatitis B, chronic hepatitis C and AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma, and is also effective in metastatic renal carcinoma and chronic myelogenous leukaemia. Optimal dose regimens are unclear, and further randomized trials are needed.
 ...
PMID:Interferon alfa-2a. 927 77

At least three hundred million people worldwide are infected with the hepatitis B virus (HBV), and epidemiological studies show a clear correlation between chronic HBV infection and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. HBV encodes a protein, pX, which abducts the cellular transcriptional machinery in several ways including direct interactions with bZIP transcription factors. These interactions increase the DNA affinities of target bZIP proteins in a DNA sequence-dependent manner. Here we use a series of bZIP peptide models to explore the mechanism by which pX interacts with bZIP proteins. Our results suggest that pX increases bZIP.DNA stability by increasing the stability of the bZIP dimer as well as the affinity of the dimer for DNA. Additional experiments provide evidence for a mechanism in which pX recognizes the composite structure of the peptide.DNA complex, not simply the primary peptide sequence. These experiments provide a framework for understanding how pX alters the patterns of transcription within the nucleus. The similarities between the mechanism proposed for pX and the mechanism previously proposed for the human T-cell leukemia virus protein Tax are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Mechanism of DNA binding enhancement by hepatitis B virus protein pX. 939 64

Prevention of hepatitis B infection is an important factor in the successful management of cancer and aplastic anaemia cases. Our result suggested that children with Hodgkin's disease and solid tumors vaccinated during early stage of immunosuppressive therapy are good responders to hepatitis B vaccine. Active immunisation with hepatitis B vaccine (Engerix B), was also effective in children with leukaemia after completing immunosuppressive therapy. Protective levels of antibodies remained 6 years after vaccination. Vaccination according to shortened schedule (0-10-20 days) was not effective in these children. Passive immunisation is indicated in children with chronic neoplastic haematological diseases during immunosuppressive therapy. In 6 children the lack of seroconversion after vaccination was due to immune disorders.
 ...
PMID:[Vaccination against hepatitis B in children with chronic hematologic diseases treated with immunosuppression]. 941 96

Fifty one patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and non-Hodgkins lymphoma (NHL) undergoing chemotherapy were studied prospectively to determine the incidence, aetiology and natural course of hepatitis. Of 51 patients (31 NHL and 20 ALL), 22 developed hepatitis. Hepatitis B (IgM anti HBc positive) was the cause in 11 patients (50%), hepatitis C in 4 patients, and septicaemia and cytotoxic drugs in 3 patients each. Malignant infiltration of the liver was the cause in the remaining 1 patient. Hepatitis was predominantly (75%) anicteric. Mean duration of hepatitis was 21 days. Of 51 patients, 21 acquired hepatitis B and/or C virus infection. They had received 6.4 (+/- 3.4) units of packed red cells and 5.3 (+/- 11) units of platelet concentrate as compared to 3.4 (+/- 4.8) units of red cells and 5.3 (+/- 12.1) units of platelet concentrate received by those who did not acquire virus infection (P < 0.05 for packed red cells). Only transient stoppage of chemotherapy was necessary following development of hepatitis and most of the patients who developed hepatitis could complete their chemotherapy schedule. None of the patients who developed viral B or C infection cleared the infection. We conclude that there was a high incidence of hepatitis B and C infection amongst patients with lymphoproliferative disorders with an increased carrier rate. Transfusion was a major risk factor for such infections.
 ...
PMID:A prospective study on the incidence of hepatitis B & C infections amongst patients with lymphoproliferative disorders. 954 Feb 81

Interferons are naturally occurring substances. In fact, interferons are intercellular signalling proteins produced by cells in response to various biological and synthetic stimuli. Three major classes of interferons have been identified: interferons alpha, beta and gamma. Interferons originate from natural sources and are products of recombinant technology. Two forms of recombinant alpha-interferons, 2a and 2b, are available. Alpha-interferons are secreted and synthetised by leucocytes and lymphoblasts. The objective herein is to review the current therapeutic implications of alpha-interferons. Interferons alpha have antiviral, anticancer and immunomodulatory activities. Clinical trials have proved interferons alpha to be of special value as adjuvant therapy (first line drugs) for hairy cell leukemia, virus hepatitis B and C and condylomata acuminata. The efficacy of interferons alpha is now also being evaluated in other malignancies and virus diseases. For instance, interferons alpha are an important advanced modality in the management of chronic myelogenous leukemia and can be considered a first-line therapy option in patients who cannot receive or relapse following allogenic bone marrow transplant. Of course, further research is also required to evaluate combination therapies with interferons alpha and other agents. Presently malignancies have the broadest potential in application of interferons alpha therapy. Hairy cell leukemia responds to interferons alpha in up to 90% of patients, Kaposi's sarcoma, which occurs primarily in association with AIDS, benefit in up to 40% of patents, lymphomas respond in about 65% of patients whereas chronic myelogeneous leukemia in more than 80% of patients in early cases. The uses of interferons alpha in infectious diseases (condylomaty acuminata, rhinovirus infection, protozoal, parasitic and fungal intracellular infections) may also be significant. However, the cost of interferons alpha is too high. This makes interferons alpha a second line therapy, but not in patients where it is more effective than alternative treatment. Interferons alpha are cytokines (intercellular signalling proteins) which have antiviral, anticancer and immunomodulatory activities. Interferons alpha therapy represents an important advanced modality in the management of patients with hematological diseases, malignancies, lymphomas, solid malignant tumours and viral infections. Clinical trials have proved interferons alpha to be of special value as first line drugs for hairy cell leukemia, virus hepatitis B and C and condylomata accuminata. Interferons alpha are used as single primary therapy, adjuvant therapy and maintenance therapy. The limiting factor for the application of interferons alpha is the cost of treatment.
 ...
PMID:[Alpha interferons--new therapeutic modalities]. 961 56

We have previously shown, using human T-cell lymphocytotrophic virus-I (HTLV-I)-infected cell lines, that soluble interleukin-6 receptor (sIL-6R) is generated through an alternative splicing mechanism. In this study, we examined human sera for the presence of alternatively spliced soluble IL-6R (AS-sIL-6R). We produced a monoclonal antibody (mAb) recognizing the unique sequence of AS-sIL-6R peptide, generated by an altered reading frame. We also made recombinant AS-sIL-6R protein in Spodoptera frugiperda-9 (Sf-9) cells carrying baculovirus, which encoded altered sIL-6R or conventional IL-6R cDNA. mAbs specifically recognized AS-sIL-6R, but not conventional IL-6R, as demonstrated by Western blot analyses, fluorescence-activated cell sorter, immunofluorescence analyses and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We adapted an ELISA system and used it for detection of altered sIL-6R in sera from 23 healthy persons, 12 patients with adult T-cell leukaemia (ATL) and 13 patients with HTLV-I-associated myelopathy (HAM). Serum levels of AS-sIL-6R were 6.4 or 6.1 times greater in ATL (28.7+/-20.4 ng/ml, P<0.0001) and in HAM patients (27.5+/-12.1 ng/ml, P<0.0001) than in healthy individuals (4.5+/-2.1 ng/ml). High levels of AS-sIL-6R were also observed in plasma from rheumatoid arthritis patients and in persons with elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), antinuclear antibody (ANA), or alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). However, in human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1), hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected individuals, AS-sIL-6R levels were not elevated. In this study, we confirmed that AS-sIL-6R is indeed present in human sera. These observations suggest that alternative splicing of IL-6R mRNA is of consequence in ATL, HAM and in some autoimmune diseases. The HTLV-I-infected T cells appeared to play an important role in AS-sIL-6R production.
 ...
PMID:High-level production of alternatively spliced soluble interleukin-6 receptor in serum of patients with adult T-cell leukaemia/HTLV-I-associated myelopathy. 982 98


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>