Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Three patients at various stages of remission from leukemia died following the development of massive liver necrosis within only 4-6 days. All had either hepatitis B surface antigen or antibody in their sera, and two of them experienced severe epigastric pain before the onset of liver injury. Hepatitis B surface antigen appeared in two of these patients after remission from leukemia. Serum gamma-globulin levels increased with decreasing doses of prednisolone and other antileukemic drugs, and hepatic cell necrosis occurred extensively. Localization of hepatitis B surface antigen in their livers revealed a strong positive reaction in the phagocytic cells. These observations strongly suggest that hepatitis B virus may be causally related to the fulminant hepatic failure at least in two of the reported leukemic patients.
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PMID:Fulminant hepatic failure during remission from leukemia: three cases associated with massive liver cell necrosis and hepatitis B virus. 15 50

Fifty-eight adult patients with acute leukemia were screened at the onset of the disease for hepatitis B antigen (HBSAg) in the serum, and during the course of the disease for the development of hepatitis B. One patient had a positive test for HBSAg by the radioimmunoassay technique only at the time leukemia was diagnosed; this patient had received transfusions some years before. In six patients icteric hepatitis B developed; five recovered completely and one died of leukemia during the course of hepatitis. All patients in whom hepatitis developed had received transfusions as a part of supportive therapy for leukemia. The hepatitis risk for patients who received transfusions of blood found to be negative for HBSAg by counterimmunoelectrophoresis was 0.26 percent per unit of blood administered.
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PMID:Occurrence of hepatitis and hepatitis B surface antigen in adult patients with acute leukemia. 105 15

We reviewed the records of all patients with a diagnosis of malignancy who were treated at our center and who had not had chemotherapy for at least 18 months, to assess the prevalence of chronic hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-negative hepatitis, to assess the prevalence of a marker of hepatitis C virus infection, and to determine the severity of chronic liver disease. Of 557 eligible patients, 38 (6.8%) had chronic HBsAg-negative hepatitis. Of these 38 patients, 20 (52.6%) had a marker of hepatitis C virus infection. The prevalence of chronic HBsAg-negative hepatitis was higher in patients previously treated for leukemia than in patients treated for another malignancy (11.8% vs 4.6%; p = 0.004). The liver biopsy revealed chronic active hepatitis or cirrhosis or both in 8 (28%) of 28 patients with clinical chronic HBsAg-negative hepatitis. Four patients without hepatitis C virus infection who underwent liver biopsy had hepatitis B virus antigen in the liver, confirmed by immunohistochemistry studies. One patient uninfected with hepatitis C virus had hemochromatosis. We conclude that infection with hepatitis C virus was the major cause of chronic HBsAg-negative hepatitis in pediatric patients previously treated for malignancy; the cause remained unidentified in 30% of the patients.
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PMID:Chronic hepatitis B surface antigen-negative hepatitis after treatment of malignancy. 132 Jun 73

In this paper, we emphasize the uses of serum banks in cancer research. These include not only case/control studies but also prospective seroepidemiological studies in which the development of a serological marker, such as a viral antibody or viral antigen, can be correlated with the subsequent development of cancer in either an active surveillance program or the use of cancer registries or hospital records. Several different methods of application of the cohort technique are illustrated by studies of hepatitis B antigen and hepatocellular carcinoma and of Epstein-Barr virus in relation to African Burkitt's lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Collections of sera done for one purpose can often be utilized for another purpose, if properly stored and documented. Two examples are tests for human T-cell leukemia virus, type 1, antibody from sera done for a health survey in Barbados approximately 8 years earlier and the use of data determined for a prospective study of the incidence of Epstein-Barr virus infection and infectious mononucleosis in West Point Cadets for psychological factors affecting the development of clinical illness among those infected. Archival materials, such as frozen tissues and paraffin sections, may also now be utilized for identifying genomes of potential oncogenic viruses by the polymerase chain reaction.
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PMID:The past is prologue: use of serum banks in cancer research. 139 73

This review first considered some general problems in establishing causal links between a virus and a human cancer and offered some guidelines in the pursuit of this objective. Second, it reviewed the current causal associations for several candidate oncogenic viruses in relation to the tumors with which they are associated. These include Epstein-Barr virus in relation to Burkitt's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Hodgkin's disease, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; hepatitis B and C viruses in relation to hepatocellular carcinoma; human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type 1 and atypical leukemia/lymphoma; and human papilloma viruses in relation to cervical carcinoma. For some, the causal relationship is strong: hepatitis B virus with hepatocellular carcinoma, and human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. For one, the causal relationship is moderate: Epstein-Barr virus with African Burkitt's lymphoma. For others it is incomplete or inconclusive: Epstein-Barr virus with Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and hepatitis C virus with hepatocellular carcinoma. Current techniques do not permit an answer for some: human papilloma virus with cervical carcinoma.
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PMID:Viruses and cancer. Causal associations. 166 91

The long-range prognosis of viral diseases must be assessed differently according to their geographical occurrence. The genetic disposition, environmental factors and additional infectious diseases play a decisive part here. Vaccinations are the most important measures in the prevention of these infections. The spectrum of possible chemotherapeutic intervention for viral infectious diseases is very small, which usually makes specific treatment impossible. The most important infective viruses epidemiologically, which lead to persistent complications, are discussed in detail as follows: influenza virus, measles virus, human T-cell leukaemia virus, human immuno-deficiency virus, hepatitis B and C virus. In a discussion conclusions are drawn from the virologist's point of view for a possible long-range prognosis, which depends on the one hand on the infective agent and on the other on individual reactivity. The last chapter talks about insurance medical aspects of the most important infective viruses, which have already been discussed virologically. Some scientific developments are shown which could be future solutions of problems in diagnosis and prognosis. Such new developments could help insurance medical officers to important decision parameters for long-range prognosis, which are still largely missing at present.
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PMID:[Possible long-term prognosis in epidemiologically significant virus infections]. 167 99

To clarify the prevalence of concurrent infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human T cell leukaemia virus (HTLV), we measured HCV antibody in the population of a district endemic for HBV and HTLV infection. Blood samples were collected in June 1990 from 579 inhabitants of four islands of Uwa Bay in the southwest of Ehime Prefecture in Japan. Anti-HCV antibody against C100-3 protein was detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit (Ortho Diagnostics). Thirteen of the 579 inhabitants (2.2%) were positive for anti-HCV, and this prevalence rate was not significantly different from the frequency of anti-HCV in Tokyo blood donors. A total of 11% (64 of 579) of the subjects were positive for HBsAg and 3.3% (19 of 579) were positive for anti-HTLV. These frequencies of HBsAg and anti-HTLV positivity were distinctly higher than the respective means of Japanese. All anti-HCV positive individuals were negative for HBsAg and anti-HTLV, while 54% (7 of 13) had increased alanine aminotransferase levels. These data suggest that the prevalence of HCV infection is not high even in an area endemic for HBV and HTLV infection.
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PMID:Prevalence of hepatitis C virus antibody in an area endemic for hepatitis B virus and human T cell leukaemia virus. 168 26

S-Antigen (S-Ag) is a well characterized 45,000 m.w. photoreceptor cell protein. When injected into susceptible animal species, including primates, it induces an experimental autoimmune uveitis, a predominantly T cell-mediated autoimmune disease of the retina and uveal tract of the eye, and of the pineal gland. In this study we found an amino acid sequence homology between a uveitopathogenic site of S-Ag, several viral proteins and one additional nonviral protein. An experimental autoimmune uveitis and pinealitis was induced in Lewis rats with these different synthetic peptides, corresponding to the amino sequence of hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase, gag-pol polyprotein of Baboon endogenous virus and gag-pol polyprotein of AKV murine leukemia virus and potato proteinase inhibitor IIa, which contain three or more consecutive amino acids identical to peptide M in S-Ag. Lymph node cells from rats immunized with either peptide M or the different synthetic peptides showed a significant degree of cross-reaction. Mononuclear cells from monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) immunized with peptide M also showed significant proliferation when incubated with either peptide M or synthetic peptides as measured by in vitro lymphocyte mitogenesis assay using [3H]TdR. Based on our findings we conclude that a viral infection may sensitize the mononuclear cells that can cross-react with self proteins by a mechanism termed molecular mimicry. Tissue injury from the resultant autoantigenic event can take place in the absence of the infectious virus that initiated the immune response.
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PMID:Molecular mimicry between a uveitopathogenic site of S-antigen and viral peptides. Induction of experimental autoimmune uveitis in Lewis rats. 168 49

The interferons (IFN) are one of the body's natural defensive responses to such foreign components as microbes, tumors, and antigens. The IFN response begins with the production of the IFN proteins (alpha, beta, and gamma), which then induce the antiviral, antimicrobial, antitumor, and immunomodulatory actions of IFN. Recent advances have led to Food and Drug Administration approval of five clinical indications for IFN. Interferon alfa is approved for hairy-cell leukemia, condyloma acuminatum, Kaposi's sarcoma in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and non-A, non-B (type C) viral hepatitis. Interferon gamma has properties distinctive from those of IFNs alpha and beta and is approved as an immunomodulatory treatment for chronic granulomatous disease. Promising clinical results with IFNs have also been reported for basal cell carcinoma, chronic myelogenous leukemia, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, early human immunodeficiency virus infection, hepatitis B, and laryngeal papillomatosis. Future clinical uses of IFNs may emphasize combination therapy with other cytokines, chemotherapy, radiation, surgery, hyperthermia, or hormones.
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PMID:The interferons. Mechanisms of action and clinical applications. 137 Mar 33

Among 5,255 active duty United States Marines on permanent tour in Okinawa, Japan, screened for human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type I (HTLV-I) seropositivity, 3 (0.06%) were confirmed by Western blot analysis to have core and envelope reactivity. All three seropositive individuals have a history of prolonged sexual contact with Okinawan women, and two of the three individuals are married to seropositive Okinawan wives. Two gave a prior history of gonorrhea, while all three were negative for syphilis (MHA-TP) and hepatitis B. No other risk factors associated with HTLV-I seropositivity in the United States were identified. A banked sample from one individual, obtained 8 months after initial sexual relations with his HTLV-I-seropositive Okinawan spouse and 20 months before being retested in the survey, showed a pattern suggesting seroconversion. Although based on small numbers, these data suggest that female-to-male transmission of HTLV-I occurs in the absence of other cofactors, e.g., ulcerative genital lesions.
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PMID:HTLV-I among U.S. Marines stationed in a hyperendemic area: evidence for female-to-male sexual transmission. 173 8


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