Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Single agent activity of aclacinomycin A or aclarubicin (ACR) for acute leukaemia in adults was as follows: complete remission was achieved in 8 of 21 (38%) with untreated patients and 7 of 41 (17%) with prior chemotherapy; thus the overall complete remission rate was 24%. The optimal dose schedule was 14 mg/m2/d daily i.v. administration, and a median total dose of 200 mg/m2 and 16 days were necessary for induction of complete remission. In combination, with behenoyl ara-C, ACR, 6-mercaptopurine and prednisolone, complete remission was achieved in 40 of 60 (67%) previously untreated patients, and 41 of 65 (63%) with prior chemotherapy; thus the overall rate was 65%. In a phase II study of ACR for solid tumours, response was achieved in carcinoma of oesophagus (1/3), stomach (12/84, 14%), gall bladder (1/4), pancreas (1/8), lung (4/30, 13%), breast (6/33, 18%), uterus (1/4), ovary (3/9, 33%), head and neck (1/5) and sarcoma (1/5). Side-effects of ACR most frequently observed were nausea and vomiting (around 30%) and a moderate grade marrow suppression was noted. An ECG change was observed in 7%, but there were no cases of chronic heart failure.
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PMID:Clinical review of aclacinomycin A in Japan. 386

Cell smears from serous effusions containing large numbers of lymphoid cells were stained by the alkaline phosphatase-anti-alkaline phosphatase technique with a panel of monoclonal antibodies, including anti-B and anti-T cell antibodies and anti-HLA-DR. Samples from 17 patients with lymphoproliferative disorders--such as chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma--and from 19 patients who had no evidence of lymphoid neoplasia--for example, cases of carcinoma, cardiac failure--were investigated. The majority of lymphoid cells in reactive effusions were T cells, which lacked HLA-DR and showed a marked excess of helper/inducer cells (mean helper to suppressor ratio of 3 X 5). In contrast, lymphoid cells in samples from nine cases of B cell neoplasia were positive for B cell antigen and HLA-DR. In a further four B cell neoplasms most lymphoid cells were reactive T cells. Two cases of T cell lymphoid leukaemia could also be characterised by immunocytochemical staining, both being classified as T helper cell neoplasms. Labelling was performed on routinely prepared, air dried cell smears, which could be stored in the unfixed state for long periods before staining. The technique may therefore be of use in many clinical cytology laboratories for the diagnosis of effusions containing numerous lymphoid cells.
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PMID:Immunocytochemical staining of T and B lymphocytes in serous effusions. 389 89

The hemodynamic courses of 56 patients with congestive cardiomyopathy (CCM) were investigated. Fourteen patients died within 24 months after diagnosis. The hemodynamic courses of the remaining 42 patients were investigated in subsequent examinations by determination of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), mean pulmonary arterial pressure at maximal workload, and peak systolic pressure/end-systolic volume index. During the study interval of 32.2 +/- 20.0 months the conditions of 20 patients (48%) deteriorated, according to their hemodynamic status, and at least five of these died of terminal heart failure. Surprisingly, the conditions of 22 patients (52%) improved or stabilized. One of these died of leukemia. Seven patients in the latter group with initial LVEFs of 0.30 or less experienced an average increase from 0.22 to 0.51. Retrospectively consideration of age, alcohol intake, exercise capacity, and hemodynamic status were not helpful in predicting the course of the disease. In 38 patients endomyocardial biopsy samples could be obtained at the time of diagnosis. Reduced myofibril volume fraction (less than 60%) had prognostic significance for both hemodynamic deterioration and death (sensitivity 23/24 = 96%), while 14 of 15 patients whose conditions improved or stabilized had a myofibril volume fraction of 60% or more (specificity 14/15 or 93%, p less than .002). A relationship between hemodynamic status and the myofibril volume fraction could not be found. Individual patients with CCM differ significantly with respect to course of the disease. A distinct separation of the patients by means of morphologic criteria is possible. This makes it more likely that the pathogenesis of the disease is not unique.
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PMID:Spontaneous hemodynamic improvement or stabilization and associated biopsy findings in patients with congestive cardiomyopathy. 399 5

A patient presented with high-output cardiac failure and was found to have plasma-cell leukemia. No cause for the cardiac failure was found, and there was no response to treatment with diuretics and thiamine. Chemotherapy for the leukemia resulted in resolution of the cardiac failure, suggesting that the latter was caused by the leukemia--a hitherto unreported association.
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PMID:High-output cardiac failure as a presenting symptom of plasma cell leukemia. 404 34

Samples of bone marrow from 32 leukaemic children were removed during remission and stored in liquid nitrogen for retransplantation during relapse. Subsequently two children in advanced stages of common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (cALL) were transplanted with their own cryopreserved marrow cells, after intensive combination chemotherapy and high doses of radiation therapy. Before grafting, the marrow cells were treated with purified heterologous antibodies prepared against cALL antigens, to remove any residual tumour cells. The antibodies showed high cytotoxic activity against leukaemic cells of cALL type without interfering with normal haemopoietic stem cells. Evidence of take was obtained in one patient, who died on day 7 with cardiac failure. In the other patient the dose of nucleated marrow cells grafted was 1.9 x 10(8)/kg (86 000 CFU-C/kg). The patient achieved complete haematological recovery on day 27 and a normal platelet count after day 50 and is now in complete remission. Marrow cells collected during remission and treated with antileukaemic antibodies can repopulate bone marrow after conditioning of the recipient with high doses of radiation.
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PMID:Immunological conditioning of bone marrow for autotransplantation in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. 610 32

Fanconi's anaemia (FA) is a hereditary disease transmitted in a recessive manner, characterized by congenital malformations and bone marrow aplasia. A high rate of chromosome breakage is observed in mitoses of cultured blood cells, but the caryotypes are normal. Forty-four patients (27 boys and 17 girls) were followed in the same department between 1962 and 1976. Most were treated with androgens, sometimes combined with corticosteroids. Nine patients died of acute granuloblastic leukaemia, with more than 25% bone marrow blasts; in three of these, cytogenetic examination showed clonal anomalies. Five patients were in preleukaemic state with non-blastic bone marrow; 4 showed clonal anomalies and 2 of these died of aplasia; the 5th patient had gross liver and spleen enlargement and died of haemorrhage. Among the 30 remaining patients 12 are still alive and 18 died of cerebral haemorrhage (7), hepatic failure (3), cardiac failure (1), pancreatitis (1), septicaemia (2) or graft-versus-host reaction after bone marrow transplantation. One patient transplanted 4 years ago has complete chimerism and is still alive without treatment. The incidence of leukaemic or preleukaemic state in this series was 30%, while no case of leukaemia was observed in 200 patients with acquired aplastic anaemia. Neither parents norsibship had leukaemia. Androgen treatment apparently did not increase the risk of leukaemia which developed within 1 to 13 years (mean = 5 years) of the diagnosis, was preceded by a 2 1/2 year long preleukaemic state with clonal chromosomal anamolies and invariably was of the granulocytic type. None of the patients developed cancer. The median survival in this series was 4 1/2 years.
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PMID:[Fanconi's anemia. Incidence of its development into leukemia]. 622 98

A 6 years old girl presented with hypereosinophilia of 7 months duration and cardiac failure from restrictive myocardiopathy, leading to death in 3 years 6 months. Transient blast cells were found. Sixteen previously reported pediatric cases of hypereosinophilia of unknown cause with cardiac involvement are studied. The meaning of eosinophilic leukemia is discussed, the frequency of cardiac damage and the role of hypereosinophilia in the mechanism of cardiac injury are emphasized. Therapy may stabilize or reverse cardiac involvement. In the cases with intractable congestive failure, surgical treatment must be recommended.
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PMID:[Hypereosinophilic syndrome with endomyocardial involvement in children. Critical analysis of the literature apropos of a case]. 647 9

A case of a 55 years old woman suffering from multiple myeloma with strong bone marrow proplasmocytic infiltration, several osteolytic and osteoporotic lesions and high seric M-component level and hypertensive heart failure is described. After 32 months of partial remission obtained with cyclic chemotherapy, large cutaneous tumors arose. Despite of a new therapeutic trial, in the last 8 months, an increase of bone marrow and seric signs was observed without involvement of the lungs or kidneys or expression of plasma-cell leukemia. Death occurred at 50th month because of sepsis and heart failure. A real cutaneous tropism, late occurred and without cytohistological changes, is stressed. The meaning of the rich vascularization of the skin over the tumors in absence of inflammation and necrosis remains unclear.
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PMID:[Analysis of a case of multiple myeloma with late dissemination of skin nodules]. 664 79

Twenty-three patients with acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia in relapse were treated with cyclophosphamide, fractionated total body irradiation (200 rad/day for six days) and allogeneic marrow transplantation. Six patients are alive in remission 756-1306 days following transplantation. One patient died of infection on day 17 without evidence of engraftment; all others achieved sustained engraftment. Eight patients died of recurrent leukemia, four of interstitial pneumonitis, two of infection, one of veno-occlusive disease of the liver and one of cardiac failure. The median survival time was 181 days.
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PMID:Allogeneic marrow transplantation for acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia in relapse using fractionated total body irradiation. 675 Feb 51

Of 91 acute leukaemia patients treated with m-Amsa, 19 received intermittent doses, 23 received daily doses and 49 underwent courses with combined m-Amsa and cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C). Intermittent doses had minimal therapeutic activity and toxicity. Among the 23 patients given daily doses, complete remission was observed in 5/12 relapses of ALL and in 2/11 relapses of AML. When Ara-C (200 mg/m2 x 5 days) was administered concomitantly with m-Amsa (200 mg/m2 x 5 days or 120 mg/m2 x 7 days), 17 out of 37 patients with advanced relapses of ALL (13/25 children and 4/12 adults) went into complete remission. While high doses of m-Amsa alone were well tolerated, the combined treatment with high doses of both drugs resulted in severe gastro-intestinal toxicity. Cardiac disorders were observed in patients who had previously received high doses of anthracyclins; there were 5 cases of dysrhythmia and 1 case each of sudden death, ECG alterations and heart failure. In view of its indisputable activity, m-Amsa should be used at an earlier stage in the treatment of acute leukaemias.
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PMID:[Clinical activity of m-Amsa and the combination of m-Amsa with cytosine arabinoside]. 675 89


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