Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Feline leukemia virus status and antibody titer to feline oncornavirus-associated cell membrane antigen (FOCMA) were determined on plasma from 183 outpatient cats and 61 cats from 2 closed, FeLV-positive, multiple-cat households. Cats with FOCMA antibody titer had a significantly (P less than 0.02) higher prevalence of history of disease than did cats without FOCMA antibody. Diseases included upper respiratory tract infections, abscesses, ear infections, lower urinary tract infections, gastrointestinal disease, pneumonia, uterine infection, lymphadenopathy, fever of unknown origin, and bacterial infections. The FOCMA antibody titer was determined by use of an indirect fluorescent antibody test; titer greater than or equal to 1:16 was considered to be positive results. Lower mean FOCMA antibody titer was observed in young cats with history of disease (P less than 0.05) than in young cats without history of disease or in older cats with or without history of disease. Prevalence of FOCMA antibody titer was identical (38%) in young and adult cats, indicating cats likely were exposed to FeLV as kittens because a higher prevalence of FOCMA antibody titer in older cats would otherwise be expected.
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PMID:Prevalence of disease in nonviremic cats previously exposed to feline leukemia virus. 215 93

Serum determinations of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) using both polyclonal antibodies (PAbs) and monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were carried out in 348 supposedly healthy screenees. A correlation of the two CEA-detection methods was observed for MAb values higher than 0.5 ng/ml, but not for the lower MAb values that failed to detect CEA. Of 162 such cases (46.5% of the total population that were screened by MAbs), only 39 (11.2%) remained undetected by PAbs, with values as high as 3-4 ng/ml. CEA PAbs thus enabled a more subtle analysis of values in the lower range, a potentially useful factor in screening. In 18 screenees (5.1%) the values were above 2 SD of the mean by MAbs against 13 by PAbs; values above 3 SD were present in three by MAbs and in none by PAbs. In 14 of 18 cases high CEA values were related to smoking and to chronic gastrointestinal disease. The suggested specificity of CEA MAbs for cancer cells thus could not be confirmed because no cancer was detected in this series. Elevated tissue polypeptide antigen values were observed in 14 individuals and were not correlated with either CEA or smoking. Estrogens and estrogen-progestogens were administered to five females whereas four males had gynecomasty, and in three cases leukemia was reported among close relatives.
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PMID:Comparison of CEA polyclonal antibodies, CEA monoclonal antibodies, tissue polypeptide antigen in the sera of supposedly healthy individuals. 348 52

Humanized anti-Tac is a genetically engineered human IgG1 monoclonal antibody specific for Tac, the alpha subunit of the interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor, and blocks IL-2-dependent activation of human T lymphocytes. The safety, pharmacokinetics, and immunosuppressive activity of humanized anti-Tac were evaluated in 20 patients who developed acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic marrow transplantation. Patients had developed acute GVHD at 5 to 26 (median, 14) days after transplantation and had failed to respond to primary therapy with glucocorticoids. Sequential groups of 4 patients each received a single 1-hour infusion of antibody in escalating doses of 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 mg/kg; 8 additional patients were then treated with 1.5 mg/kg. A second infusion of antibody was administered after 11 to 48 (median, 16) days in 8 patients who had transient improvement of GVHD after the first infusion. Acute side effects, limited to chills in 1 patient and diaphoresis in another, were observed during or shortly after the antibody infusion. Overall improvement of acute GVHD occurred in 8 patients, 6 of whom were treated with a single antibody infusion and 2 with two infusions. Four responses were complete and 4 were partial. Three additional patients had improvement in one organ but progression in another. Responses occurred in 9 of 16 cases with skin disease, 3 of 15 with liver disease, and 6 of 12 with gastrointestinal disease. Two patients survive at 529 and 645 days after antibody treatment. Two patients died after relapse of leukemia. Sixteen patients died of infection or organ failure between 5 and 211 (median, 55) days. The terminal elimination half-life of the antibody was 44 to 363 hours, with a harmonic mean of 79, 88, and 94 hours, respectively, for the three doses studied. Absolute peripheral blood T-lymphocyte counts remained unchanged during the 56 days after infusion of the antibody. A fraction of circulating T cells expressed the alpha chain of the IL-2 receptor that, in some patients, was bound by antibody in vivo up to 28 days after treatment. No patient developed a measurable antibody response to humanized anti-Tac. Humanized anti-Tac has a long half-life after intravenous injection in humans, superior to any rodent monoclonal antibody specific for human T cells, and does not appear to induce antibody formation in recipients of marrow transplants. Improvement of steroid-refractory GVHD in 40% of patients after only one or two antibody infusions indicates that humanized anti-Tac is immunosuppressive.
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PMID:Treatment of acute graft-versus-host disease with humanized anti-Tac: an antibody that binds to the interleukin-2 receptor. 804 47

A 62-year-old Japanese man complained of fever, general fatigue, anorexia and watery diarrhea during remission of adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma. Laboratory examinations showed severe hypoproteinemia (2.9 g/dl). However, neither intestinal lesions associated with ATL nor findings suggesting protein losing gastroenteropathy were observed. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigen detection assay using peripheral blood leukocytes revealed that he had an active CMV infection with hemophagocytic syndrome. Treatment with ganciclovir and methylprednisolone led to an improvement of hypoproteinemia. CMV disease and associated hemophagocytic syndrome should be considered as a cause of hypoproteinemia in an immunocompromised host.
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PMID:[Cytomegalovirus disease accompanied by severe hypoproteinemia in a patient with adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma]. 884 9

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) patients represent a difficult problem, sometimes to establish the diagnosis but mostly because of their refractoriness to standard lymphoma treatments. Which treatments to apply and to whom is not yet defined. In this study, we attempted to analyze the clinical features, to identify the major prognostic factors, and to evaluate the outcome of 121 MCL patients treated in our institution between 1979 and 1997. Clinical data, treatment modalities, and International Prognostic Index (IPI) score were evaluated. Median age was 63 years. Patients usually presented with advanced stage disease (87%), disseminated lymph nodes (57%), bone marrow involvement (79%), but with a good performance status (PS) (81%). Lymphocytosis >4000/microl and/or peripheral blood involvement was present in 36% of cases, and gastrointestinal disease in 18%. The t(11;14)(q13;q32) and/or bcl-1 rearrangement was detected in 47/57 studied cases. Median overall survival (OS) was 3.12 years and a longer survival was significantly associated with younger age (<70 years), good PS (<2), localized disease (stage I-II), fewer than two extra-nodal sites, absence of spleen or peripheral blood involvement, normal serum LDH and beta2-microglobulin levels, and hemoglobin level greater than 12 g/dl. However, the IPI failed to identify patients with longer OS and in a multiparametric analysis, only older age, hemoglobin less than 12 g/dl, poor PS, and blood involvement were associated with a poorer outcome. Treatment modalities had no impact on survival with 75% of patients relapsing or progressing. Our data showed that the poor outcome of MCL patients is mainly related to adverse patient characteristics, a highly disseminated tumor, and some unknown parameters associated with the refractoriness to standard therapy.
Leukemia 1998 Aug
PMID:Mantle cell lymphoma: a retrospective study of 121 cases. 969 85

The term mastocytosis denotes a heterogeneous group of rare hematological disorders characterized by abnormal accumulation of mast cells. While cutaneous mastocytosis is relatively frequent mast cell leukemia belongs to the rarest forms of human leukemia. In the following we present the case of an aleukemic mast cell leukemia and shall discuss the revised classification of mastocytosis based on the "Year 2000 Working Conference on Mastocytosis" held in Vienna, Austria. A 48 year-old caucasian man presented with a four-week history of diarrhea, obstipation, vomiting, rash, and mild fever. Clinical inspection revealed a disseminated itching rash and a mild hepatomegaly. Red and white blood cell counts were within the normal range. Levels of the alkaline phosphatase and serum histamine were significantly increased. There was no splenomegaly or lymphadenopathy. Cytologic and histologic investigation of the bone marrow revealed a marked increase in atypical mast cells. Since only a few circulating mast cells could be detected in a cytospin preparation of the blood, the diagnosis of an aleukemic mast cell leukemia was established. About four weeks after the diagnosis had been established, the patient died with signs of a hemorrhagic shock due to a massive gastrointestinal bleeding. Autopsy revealed widespread mast cell infiltration of bone marrow, spleen, liver and lungs, but also a small, deeply penetrating, non-specific duodenal ulcer. In conclusion, despite of presentation with signs of a primary gastrointestinal disorder, the patient was found to suffer from an exceedingly rare aleukemic mast cell leukemia ("malignant mastocytosis") and died after a total duration of the disease of only about three months.
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PMID:[Aleukemic mast cell leukemia (formerly: "malignant mastocytosis"): an extremely rare form of leukemia. A case report and simultaneously a contribution to revised classification of mastocytosis]. 1223 4

Viruses commonly cause gastrointestinal illnesses in dogs and cats that range in severity from mild diarrhoea to malignant neoplasia. Perpetual evolution of viruses is reflected in changing disease patterns, so that familiar viruses are sometimes discovered to cause new or unexpected diseases. For example, canine parvovirus (CPV) has regained the ability to infect felids and cause a panleucopenia-like illness. Feline panleucopenia virus (FPV) has been shown to cause fading in young kittens and has recently been implicated as a possible cause of feline idiopathic cardiomyopathy. Molecular scrutiny of viral diseases sometimes permits deeper understanding of pathogenesis and epizootiology. Feline gastrointestinal lymphomas have not, in the past, been strongly associated with retroviral infections, yet some of these tumours harbour retroviral proviruses. Feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) may play a role in lymphomagenesis, even in cats diagnosed as uninfected using conventional criteria. There is strong evidence that feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) can also be oncogenic. The variant feline coronaviruses that cause invariably-fatal feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) arise by sporadic mutation of an ubiquitous and only mildly pathogenic feline enteric coronavirus (FECV); a finding that has substantial management implications for cat breeders and veterinarians. Conversely, canine enteric coronavirus (CECV) shows considerable genetic and antigenic diversity but causes only mild, self-limiting diarrhoea in puppies. Routine vaccination against this virus is not recommended. Although parvoviruses, coronaviruses and retroviruses are the most important known viral causes of canine and feline gastrointestinal disease, other viruses play a role. Feline and canine rotaviruses have combined with human rotaviruses to produce new, reassortant, zoonotic viruses. Some companion animal rotaviruses can infect humans directly. Undoubtedly, further viral causes of canine and feline gastrointestinal disease await discovery.
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PMID:An update on aspects of viral gastrointestinal diseases of dogs and cats. 1603 39

Animal hoarders accumulate animals in over-crowded conditions without adequate nutrition, sanitation, and veterinary care. As a result, animals rescued from hoarding frequently have a variety of medical conditions including respiratory infections, gastrointestinal disease, parasitism, malnutrition, and other evidence of neglect. The purpose of this study was to characterize the infectious diseases carried by clinically affected cats and to determine the prevalence of retroviral infections among cats in large-scale cat hoarding investigations. Records were reviewed retrospectively from four large-scale seizures of cats from failed sanctuaries from November 2009 through March 2012. The number of cats seized in each case ranged from 387 to 697. Cats were screened for feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) in all four cases and for dermatophytosis in one case. A subset of cats exhibiting signs of upper respiratory disease or diarrhea had been tested for infections by PCR and fecal flotation for treatment planning. Mycoplasma felis (78%), calicivirus (78%), and Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus (55%) were the most common respiratory infections. Feline enteric coronavirus (88%), Giardia (56%), Clostridium perfringens (49%), and Tritrichomonas foetus (39%) were most common in cats with diarrhea. The seroprevalence of FeLV and FIV were 8% and 8%, respectively. In the one case in which cats with lesions suspicious for dermatophytosis were cultured for Microsporum canis, 69/76 lesional cats were culture-positive; of these, half were believed to be truly infected and half were believed to be fomite carriers. Cats from large-scale hoarding cases had high risk for enteric and respiratory infections, retroviruses, and dermatophytosis. Case responders should be prepared for mass treatment of infectious diseases and should implement protocols to prevent transmission of feline or zoonotic infections during the emergency response and when transferring the rescued cats to other shelters or to adopters.
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PMID:Infectious diseases in large-scale cat hoarding investigations. 2493 62