Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study was carried out to determine whether animals bearing L1210 leukemia were more susceptible to candida infection in the absence of immunosuppression and to determine also if the L1210 cells suppressed the inflammatory response of the animal host. Systemic infection was studied by intravenous injection of Candida albicans and checking for the number of candida organisms cultured from the blood and the kidneys. Localized infection was studied by intramuscular injection of C. albicans into the thighs and measuring the changes in the thigh size. Compared with tumor-free controls, the intravenous injection resulted in higher counts of C. albicans from the blood and the kidneys of tumor-bearing animals. No significant difference in the localized swelling was noted between tumor- and nontumor-bearing mice with respect to intramuscular injection of C. albicans. The results thus indicate that L1210 leukemia increases susceptibility of tumor-bearing animals to systemic candida infection. L1210 cells were shown to reduce the accumulation of neutrophils and to suppress the inflammatory reaction elicited by C. albicans.
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PMID:Effect of L1210 leukemia on the susceptibility of mice to Candida albicans infections. 34 9

The authors evaluate in a retrospective, non-randomized two-year study the action of 57 granulocyte concentrates from a Fenwal CS 3000 separator in 12 patients used for induction therapy of acute leukaemia, malignant lymphoma and agranulocytosis, as compared with a control group of 18 patients without concentrates. The indication for selection was granulocytopenia of less than 0.5.10(9)/l, temperatures resistant to antibiotics for more than 48 hours, mainly gram-negative sepsis and a severe localized infection. A significant reduction of febrile days was achieved, to 6.08 as compared with 12.44 (p less than 0.001) along with cure of the infection. Survival, evaluated on the 21st day of the investigation in the treated group 66.6%, as compared with 61.1%, and the percentage of complete remissions 58% as compared with 55.56%, were not statistically significant (p greater than 0.05). The mean one-hour rise of granulocytes by 0.37 x 10(9)/l in the recipients had no clinical impact. With the exception of one patient a relationship was observed between the favourable action of transfusions and the trend of recovery of the patient's granulopoiesis and the onset of remission of the disease. Minor pyretic and allergic reactions occurred in three patients (5.2%).
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of granulocyte concentrates in the treatment of malignant disorders of hematopoiesis]. 292 52

A case of localized Trichosporon beigelii infection is reported in a 40-year-old woman with Ph+ chronic granulocyte leukemia who underwent autologous blood stem cell transplantation. On day +14 after autograft, while severely neutropenic, she developed a local infection involving the soft tissues surrounding the central venous catheter (CVC) point of entry into the subclavian vein. Trichosporon beigelii was isolated from culture of the CVC tip; resolution occurred after removal of the CVC, neutrophil recovery and antifungal treatment with amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine. To our knowledge this is the first case of CVC localized infection from Trichosporon beigelii after transplantation.
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PMID:Central catheter infection by Trichosporon beigelii after autologous blood stem cell transplantation. A case report and review of the literature. 809 13

Feline leukemia viruses (FeLVs), which are replication-competent oncoretroviruses of the domestic cat species, are contagiously transmitted in natural environments. They are capable of inducing either acute antiproliferative disease or, after prolonged latency, lymphoid malignancies in this animal population. Current knowledge of the recombinational events between infectious FeLV and noninfectious endogenously inherited FeLV-like elements is reviewed, and the potential role of the derived recombinant viruses in pathogenesis is discussed. Major observations made are as follows: (1) Up to three fourths of the exogenous FeLV envelope glycoprotein (SU), beginning from the N-terminal end, can be replaced by sequences from an endogenous FeLV to produce biologically active chimeric FeLVs. The in vitro replication efficiency or cell tropism of the recombinants appears to be influenced by the amount of SU sequences replaced by the endogenous partner, as well as by the locus of origin of the endogenous sequences. (2) Generation of FeLV recombinants in tissue culture cells corresponds closely to the findings from natural tumors. There is direct evidence, based on molecular genetic analysis, for the prevalence of recombinant proviruses in naturally arising FeLV-induced lymphomas. (3) Certain recombinants harboring an altered primary neutralizing epitope in the middle of SU corresponding to the endogenous FeLV sequence can evade immunity developed against common FeLV infection. In several other recombinants, the epitope sequence is found to be frequently mutated during the process of recombination. (4) FeLV variants with altered epitope, although they may not be efficient in replication in vivo, apparently are capable of causing focal infection in target organs. Evidence is also presented that when coinfected with an exogenous FeLV, the epitope sequence in the variants is reverted to the exogenous type, providing an explanation why this sequence is found to be conserved in all natural isolates of FeLV. (5) A prototype chimeric polyprotein containing most of the SU from the endogenous source is abnormally processed and becomes trapped in the endoplasmic reticulum. A functional consequence of such trapping is interference with specific FeLV infection. (6) Some recombinants, while only poorly replicating in the host, may have the ability to infect target erythroid progenitor cells for the induction of strong cytopathic effect. (7) Some other recombinants appear to potentiate lymphomagenesis by exogenous FeLV and others to acquire properties to infect CNS endothelial cells, an event that could potentially be related to FeLV-induced neuropathogenicity. (8) Of multiple recombinant viruses, a specific recombinant species was found to occur in each of the three cats examined in which lymphoma was experimentally induced, and it was exclusively seen in one of these cats. This recombinant FeLV may potentially be a candidate for strong leukemogenic function. In addition to commonly encountered virus envelope changes, another prominent viral factor involved in tumorigenesis is mutated FeLV transcription regulatory sequences, most frequently with enhancer duplication or triplication. Although only a limited amount of information is available in the area of insertional mutagenesis in FeLV neoplastic disease, activation of certain key nuclear transcription factor genes has been documented.
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PMID:Endogenous env elements: partners in generation of pathogenic feline leukemia viruses. 882 42

Treatment of episodes of fever and neutropenia in pediatric hematology-oncology patients includes hospitalization and administration of intravenous antibiotics until the patient is afebrile and no longer neutropenic. The present analysis characterizes retrospectively febrile episodes in neutropenic pediatric hematology-oncology patients with regard to frequency of documented infections, organisms associated with these infections, efficacy of a standardized antibiotic regimen, and safety of early antibiotic discontinuation under defined conditions. A total of 149 pediatric febrile neutropenic episodes were identified during a 4-year period between 1990 and 1994. These occurred in 47 male and 19 female patients, of a mean age of 7.6 years (range 0.5-15). The most frequent diagnoses were leukemia (41% of patients), lymphoma (21%), rhabdomyosarcoma (7%), soft tissue sarcoma (5%), Ewing's sarcoma (5%), and osteosarcoma (4%). Infection was certain in 36% of febrile episodes, probable in 14%, and not determined in 50%. Patients with severe neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count < 100) had a slightly, although not significantly higher incidence of documented and probable infection (57%). Patients with solid tumor had documented infection in 40% of their febrile episodes, and the detection rate in the children with leukemia was 31% (P < .20) Blood cultures were positive in 21 (14%) of 149 episodes. Staphylococci (both coagulase-negative and coagulase-positive strains) and Pseudomonas were the organisms most frequently isolated (six episodes each). Mouth and throat (11), lungs (10), and skin (10) were the next most frequent sites of localized infection. Initial treatment consisted of piperacillin and amikacin or of vancomycin and amikacin when the source of fever was thought to be an infected central line catheter, with addition of amphotericin B by the seventh day of treatment when fever with neutropenia persisted or upon clinical suspicion of underlying fungal infection. There was a single fatality, of a patient with Burkitt's lymphoma. Antibiotics were discontinued when initial blood cultures had no growth after at least 48 hours and no source of infection was found, the blood count was improving, and if the patient became afebrile and clinically well. No patient needed readmission during the fortnight that followed discontinuation of antimicrobial therapy. Patients with negative blood cultures under defined conditions, as described above, could safely be discharged early, thus shortening the duration of intravenous antibiotic therapy and hospital stay.
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PMID:Fever and neutropenia in children with malignant disease. 894 Jul 33

Several murine leukemia viruses (MuLV) induce neurologic disease in susceptible mice. To identify features of central nervous system (CNS) infection that correlate with neurovirulence, we compared two neurovirulent MuLV, Fr98 and Fr98/SE, with a nonneurovirulent MuLV, Fr54. All three viruses utilize the polytropic receptor and are coisogenic, each containing a different envelope gene within a common genetic background. Both Fr98 and Fr98/SE induce a clinical neurologic disease characterized by hyperexcitability and ataxia yet differ in incubation period, 16 to 30 and 30 to 60 days, respectively. Fr54 infects the CNS but fails to induce clinical signs of neurologic disease. In this study, we compared the histopathology, regional virus distribution, and cell tropism in the brain, as well as the relative CNS viral burdens. All three viruses induced similar histopathologic effects, characterized by intense reactive astrogliosis and microglial activation associated with minimal vacuolar degeneration. The infected target cells for each virus consisted primarily of endothelial and microglial cells, with rare oligodendrocytes. Infection localized predominantly in white matter tracts of the cerebellum, internal capsule, and corpus callosum. The only feature that correlated with relative neurovirulence was viral burden as measured by both viral CA protein expression in cerebellar homogenates and quantification of infected cells. Interestingly, Fr54 (nonneurovirulent) and Fr98/SE (slow disease) had similar viral burdens at 3 weeks postinoculation, suggesting that they entered the brain with comparable efficiencies. However, spread of Fr98/SE within the brain thereafter exceeded that of Fr54, reaching levels of viral burden comparable to that seen for Fr98 (rapid disease) at 3 weeks. These results suggest that the determinants of neurovirulence in the envelope gene may influence the efficiency of virus spread within the brain and that a critical number of infected cells may be required for induction of clinical neurologic disease.
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PMID:Neurologic disease induced by polytropic murine retroviruses: neurovirulence determined by efficiency of spread to microglial cells. 918 97

Feline leukemia virus subgroup B (FeLV-B) is commonly associated with feline lymphosarcoma and arises through recombination between endogenous retroviral elements inherited in the cat genome and corresponding regions of the envelope (env) gene from FeLV subgroup A (FeLV-A). In vivo infectivity for FeLV-B is thought to be inefficient in the absence of FeLV-A. Proposed FeLV-A helper functions include enhanced replication efficiency, immune evasion, and replication rescue for defective FeLV-B virions. In vitro analysis of the recombinant FeLV-B-like viruses (rFeLVs) employed in this study confirmed these viruses were replication competent prior to their use in an in vivo study without FeLV-A helper virus. Eight specific-pathogen-free kittens were inoculated with the rFeLVs alone. Subsequent hematology and histology results were within normal limits, however, in the absence of detectable viremia, virus expression, or significant seroconversion, rFeLV proviral DNA was detected in bone marrow tissue of 4/4 (100%) cats at 45 weeks postinoculation (pi), indicating these rFeLVs established a limited but persistent infection in the absence of FeLV-A. Altered cell tropism was also noted. Focal infection was seen in T-cell areas of the splenic follicles in 3/4 (75%) rFeLV-infected cats analyzed, while an FeLV-A-infected cat showed focal infection in B-cell areas of the splenic follicles. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the surface glycoprotein portion of the rFeLV env gene amplified from bone marrow tissue collected at 45 weeks pi showed no sequence alterations from the original rFeLV inocula.
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PMID:Recombinant feline leukemia virus (FeLV) variants establish a limited infection with altered cell tropism in specific-pathogen-free cats in the absence of FeLV subgroup A helper virus. 1009 36

A 7-y-old boy with relapsed acute lymphatic leukaemia developed fungaemia due to Acremonium strictum, a fungus belonging to the group of the hyaline hyphomycetes. Initially, the fungus was misdiagnosed as Candida sp. due to the presence of abundant adventitious forms. At the time of diagnosis the patient was neutropenic and had a central venous catheter (CVC) in situ. The formation of an occlusive thrombotic mass in the v. subclavia dextra complicated the infection. Treatment consisted of amphotericin B, fluconazole, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and removal of the CVC. However the patient responded clinically only after the intravascular thrombus had been removed surgically. Amphotericin B, voriconazole and terbinafine showed high activity in vitro against the Acremonium isolate. A literature review revealed 5 other immunocompromised paediatric patients with a systemic or localized infection due to Acremonium spp.
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PMID:Acremonium strictum fungaemia in a paediatric patient with acute leukaemia. 1095 64

The incidence of non-typhoidal salmonellosis has markedly increased in the past decade. Localised infection develops in approximately 5-10% of persons with salmonella bacteraemia. In this report, a 4-year-old female child suffering from acute lymphoid leukaemia is presented with high grade intermittent fever. Pustular lesions were observed over the right side of the scalp. The scalp abscess was drained and pus was sent for culture and sensitivity. Culture grew Salmonella typhimurium. Blood culture also grew the same organism. She had an uneventful recovery after treatment.
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PMID:Scalp abscess due to Salmonella typhimurium-- a case report. 2188 78