Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Researchers enrolled 2625 15 years old healthy individuals from the general population and 1300 blood donors of Benin to determine the extent of HTLV-I infection in Benin. They followed the recommended laboratory techniques of the US Public Health Service Working Group (1988). No blood donors were HTLV-I seropositive. The sera of 1.5% of the general population sample tested positive for HTLV-I. This rate was comparable to other western African countries. A significantly higher percentage of females were seropositive than males (2% vs. 1%; p.05), especially among the rural population (2.6% vs. 0.6%). No significant difference in seroprevalence existed between urban and rural areas overall (1.3% vs. 1.7%) and between urban males and females (1.4% vs. 1.1%), however. Further HTLV-I seroprevalence increased significantly as one went from south to north (0.6% in the 3 south coastal provinces, 1.1% in the central province, and 3.2% in the 2 northern provinces; p.001). In fact, the northern province of Atakora had the highest HTLV-I seroprevalence rate (5.4%), especially among females (p.0005), and was significantly higher than the other provinces (p.001). Research have since begun in several villages in Atakora to detect possible clusters and analyze associations between HTLV-I seroprevalence and life style, environmental and geographic factors, and concomitant infections such as filariasis. Seroprevalence also increased with age. For example, 0.4% of males 30 years old had HTLV-I antibodies compared to 1.8% of those 30 years old (p.02). In addition, 0.4% of females 20 years old had HTLV-I antibodies compared to 2.4% of those 30 years old (p.05). The researchers noted that other epidemiologic studies in Benin have begun to assess the prevalence of tropical spastic paraparesis with or without the association of HTLV-I and adult T-cell leukemia.
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PMID:Seroepidemiology of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I/II in Benin (West Africa). 187 79

The cell surface expression of low-affinity Fc epsilon receptor (Fc epsilon RII), which is identical to CD23, and the serum levels of IgE binding factors (IgE BFs), a soluble form of Fc epsilon RII, and IgE were investigated in HTLV-I-infected individuals, and the results were compared with those for HTLV-I-negative controls. The occurrence of Fc epsilon RII+ mononuclear cells did not differ among the blood samples from the HTLV-I-infected groups; however, the levels of serum IgE BFs were significantly decreased (P less than 0.001) in patients with adult T cell leukaemia (ATL), compared with HTLV-I-negative controls. The serum IgE levels were also significantly decreased in these groups, including cases of ATL (P less than 0.001) and HTLV-I-associated myelopathy (P less than 0.05), and HTLV-I carriers (P less than 0.05), as compared with HTLV-I-negative controls. Since cases of strongyloidiasis or filariasis are frequently found among HTLV-I-infected individuals in Japan, these results may explain in part their defective defence mechanisms for parasites. The possible involvement of IgE BFs in the development of immune deficiency state in HTLV-I infection is also discussed.
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PMID:Decreased serum levels of IgE and IgE-binding factors in individuals infected with HTLV-I. 214 7

Diethylcarbamazine (N,N-diethyl-4-methyl-1-piperazine carboxamide [DEC]) is widely used, especially in tropical regions, to prevent and treat filariasis. The antifilarial effect of this drug has been attributed to immunomodulation. Evidence is accumulating to indicate that DEC may mitigate the course of feline leukemia virus infection (FeLV) in cats. Previous studies have suggested that continuous oral DEC treatment given shortly after evidence of FeLV infection prevents or delays lymphopenia and prolongs survival. The present study focuses on the hematologic effects of one month oral DEC treatment given to adult chronically FeLV-infected cats and uninfected cats as compared to untreated FeLV-infected cats. Such treatment frequently resulted in abruptly lowered peripheral lymphocyte counts in chronically FeLV-infected cats. Further studies are warranted to evaluate whether administration of DEC could eliminate circulating retroviral-infected cells.
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PMID:Hematologic effects of short-term oral diethylcarbamazine treatment given to chronically feline leukemia virus-infected cats. 254 97

Leukocell (Norden Laboratories, Lincoln, NE, USA), a commercially available retroviral vaccine, is given to protect susceptible cats against feline leukaemia virus. Oral diethylcarbamazine, an immunomodulator used in the treatment of filariasis, when given with 1 ml i.m. Leukocell, increased titres and duration of serum antibodies to feline oncornavirus-associated cell membrane antigen and transient average monocyte counts in treated/vaccinated cats as compared to cats that received vaccine without diethylcarbamazine. These results may have implications for the development of more effective retroviral vaccination techniques for humans as well as for cats.
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PMID:Effect of diethylcarbamazine on cats given feline leukaemia virus vaccine. 282 54

Patients with filariasis were commonly observed until 1961-1970 in the Goto Islands, an area where adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is endemic. The positive rate of antibodies to ATL virus-associated antigen among persons with a high antibody titer to filarial antigen was higher than that among persons with a low antibody titer in both sexes. Thus, filarial parasites might have some promoting effects on ATL virus infection and/or ATL virus proliferation among inhabitants in the endemic areas of filariasis and ATL.
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PMID:Seroepidemiological studies on the effects of filarial parasites on infestation of adult T-cell leukemia virus in the Goto Islands, Japan. 660 25

The seroprevalence of antibodies against human T-cell leukemia virus was determined by ELISA in 68 patients with filarial infestation living in an endemic area. The total seropositivity was 2.9% and the HTLV-1-positive cases were detected in 2 microfilaremic patients 12 and 40 years old. This value is very close to that obtained for healthy individuals in the same region and age groups. This result suggests that there is no relationship between filariasis and HTLV-1 infection as previously proposed.
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PMID:No relationship between HTLV-1 infection and filariasis--Serological study on patients with filariasis in Recife, Brazil. 865 21

Human brucellosis is an important animal transmitted disease of man. Although, the cases have been recorded all over the world, the prevalence is higher in developing countries. Lack of sufficient knowledge about the disease among the physicians, its under-diagnosis or misdiagnosis and absence of effective prevention and management strategies are attributed to the widespread of the disease. Increase in the occurrence of animal brucellosis has also resulted indirectly in an increase in the prevalence of human infection. Absence of characteristic clinical symptoms, chronic nature of the infection and difficulty in isolation of the causal agent from the patients make the diagnosis of the disease more difficult. The serological tests employed for diagnosing human brucellosis vary in terms of their sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, a combination of serological tests is desirable. Currently no vaccine is available against human brucellosis, which could check the spread of the disease effectively. It is suggested that clinicians investigate the cases of pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO) for brucellosis. It is desirable that specimens from cases of tuberculosis, typhoid, rheumatoid arthritis, urogenital infections, kala-azar, cirrhosis, bacterial endocarditis, leukemia and filariasis should also be screened for brucellosis in man. The cases of meningitis of unestablished etiology as the cases of human brucellosis are often misdiagnosed as cases of typhoid or tuberculosis.
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PMID:Human brucellosis: review of an under-diagnosed animal transmitted disease. 1471 Aug 61

Other researchers have found that diethylcarbamazine (DEC) is effective treatment for filariasis despite a lack of demonstrated in vitro antifilarial activity. The results of our previous investigations using feline and murine leukemia virus models encouraged us to investigate the use of DEC with other infections. In the current experiments, DEC treatmentS was associated with (a) increased survival and decreased brain Streptococcus pneumoniae levels following S. pneumoniae challenge in previously immunized mice; (b) increased serum antibody levels to S. pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Haemophilus influenzae following inoculation of live bacteria; and (c) lower brain fungal levels following intravenous injection of Aspergillus fumigatus or increasing numbers of Cryptococcus neoformans organisms, and lower brain and kidney levels of Candida albicans following intravenous injection of increasing numbers of C. albicans.
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PMID:Effect of administration of diethylcarbamazine on experimental bacterial and fungal infections in mice. 1861 10

Other researchers have found that diethylcarbamazine (DEC) is effective treatment for filariasis despite a lack of demonstrated in vitro antifilarial activity. The results of our previous investigations using feline and murine leukemia virus models encouraged us to investigate the use of DEC with other infections. In our current experiments, DEC treatment was associated with lower brain fungal burden in fluconazole-treated mice following intravenous injection of Aspergillus fumigatus or increasing numbers of Cryptococcus neoformans organisms, and lower brain and kidney levels of Candida albicans following intravenous injection of increasing numbers of C. albicans. Further investigation of combined DEC and fluconazole treatment of fungal infections is warranted.
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PMID:Effect of administration of diethylcarbamazine with and without fluconazole on experimental fungal infections in mice. 1861 37

Filariasis is a major public health problem in tropical and subtropical countries such as India. It is caused by nematodes, principally Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi and is transmitted by the Culex mosquito. W.bancrofti accounts for 90% of cases of lymphatic filariasis. Filaria of the breast with axillary lymphadenopathy and lymphedema, mimicking breast carcinoma has been previously reported. Microfilariae have also been previously observed as coincidental findings with various inflammatory and neoplastic lesions. Few examples are hemangiomas of the liver, meningiomas, intracranial hemangioblastomas, uterine cervix, pharyngeal, urinary bladder, preputial and metastatic carcinomas, melanomas, and leukemia.Here, we report an unusual case of filarial infection of a metastatic axillary node in a case of invasive breast carcinoma, observed in a modified radical mastectomy specimen. Previous cases reported in literature have reported microfilaria in metastatic axillary node detected on cytology specimens; histological diagnosis, though reported, is rare.
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PMID:Microfilaria Infection in Metastatic Node in a Case of Breast Carcinoma. 3157 98


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