Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The growth and metastatic behavior of several human tumor lines grown in adult nude mice, nude mice pretreated with antiserum against asialo GM1 glycoprotein, and beige nude mice were studied. The cell lines were all injected s.c. and i.v. A human colon carcinoma line was also injected into the spleen, and two human renal carcinoma lines were injected into renal subcapsule. All the tumor lines grew as fast or faster in adult nude mice compared with beige nude mice. There were no discernible differences in the production of experimental lung metastasis among the three groups of mice, but human colorectal carcinoma cells and human renal carcinoma cells produced more metastases in nude mice than in beige nude mice after intrasplenic or renal subcapsule injection, respectively. In vitro cytotoxicity assays confirmed that adult nude mice had high levels of natural killer (NK) cell activity whereas nude mice pretreated with anti-asialo GM1 serum and beige nude mice did not. The in vitro NK cell activity of nude mice was demonstrable against mouse lymphoma cells but not against human leukemia cells which were sensitive to lysis by human NK cells. These results suggest that the implantation of human tumor cells into beige nude mice, which are deficient in NK cell activity does not provide an advantageous model for the study of growth and metastasis of human neoplasms.
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PMID:Growth and metastatic behavior of human tumor cells implanted into nude and beige nude mice. 359 71

A 26-year-old woman had an infiltrative renal lesion accompanied by massive regional lymphadenopathy. Biopsy of the renal mass and a coexistent orbital mass revealed identical histologic evidence of sinus histiocytosis. This unusual benign entity is uncommon in the kidney, but radiographically, it may closely simulate an infiltrative renal neoplasm, especially a lymphoma or leukemia or even renal cell carcinoma.
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PMID:Renal sinus histiocytosis. 380 82

Twenty-two patients with advanced haemopoietic and other malignancies were treated intramuscularly with recombinant interferon-alpha 2C in a daily escalating dose. The most common side-effects were flu-like symptoms. Two patients showed severe neurotoxicity, which was completely reversible in 1 case. Doses above 30 X 10(6) IU/day were poorly tolerated and could only be achieved in a minority of the patients. Objective tumour responses were documented in malignant lymphomas, hairy cell leukaemia, and renal cell carcinoma.
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PMID:Phase I study of recombinant human interferon alpha-2C in patients with chemotherapy-refractory malignancies. 408 Feb 99

This paper reports the occurrence of renal cell carcinoma, hepatoma and malignant hepatic mixed tumor in a 22-year-old male with ataxia-telangiectasia (AT). Incidence of various malignant neoplasms is high in the patients with AT. The majority of these are lymphoreticular tumors and leukemia, and epithelial tumors are rare. This report is the first case with renal cell carcinoma and the second with hepatoma. The reason for a low incidence of epithelial tumors in AT is still obscure. It is possible that as the result of abnormal aging the tumors expected in the aged will occur in longer survivors with AT.
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PMID:Ataxia-telangiectasia with renal cell carcinoma and hepatoma. 625 35

alpha-Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) and methylglyoxal bis-(guanylhydrazone) (MGBG) were tested against a murine renal adenocarcinoma, because polyamines are necessary for neoplastic cell growth and because human renal adenocarcinomas contain higher levels of spermidine than do normal renal cells; MGBG inhibits spermidine synthesis and has some activity against human renal tumors; DFMO irreversibly inhibits ornithine decarboxylase, the first rate-limiting enzyme controlling polyamine biosynthesis; and DFMO promotes intracellular accumulation of MGBG in experimental tumor models and human leukemia. DFMO (2%) in drinking water, MGBG (15 mg/kg i.p.), or a combination of DFMO and MGBG was administered daily to BALB/c mice (n = 80) with intrarenal transplants of renal adenocarcinoma cells. At 28 days, renal carcinomas weighed 64 and 73% less, respectively, in DFMO- and DFMO-MGBG-treated mice than in control animals (p less than 0.01). MGBG alone had no antigrowth effect. DFMO-MGBG reduced the total metastatic index (total number of metastases/total number of animals) to 1.2 versus 3.6 in control animals (p less than 0.01) and increased survival by 12.3 +/- 1.5 (S.E.) days, from 30.8 to 42.5 days (p less than 0.05). Compared with control, DFMO-, or MGBG-treated animals, DFMO-MGBG exposure reduced tumor growth and the number of metastases, prevented metastases in some animals (47%), and increased survival of mice bearing renal adenocarcinomas. DFMO also appeared to selectively increase the uptake of [14C]MGBG by tumor tissue, which may help to explain the enhanced synergistic antigrowth effect of DFMO and MGBG against this murine renal adenocarcinoma.
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PMID:Effects of alpha-difluoromethylornithine and methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) on the growth of experimental renal adenocarcinoma in mice. 643 12

The antitumour properties of alpha/beta-triglycidylurazol (TGU) were investigated on various transplantable mouse tumour systems. A high rate of cures of P388 and L1210 leukaemias was obtained with this compound. TGU also had an antitumour effect against B16 melanoma, the colon 38 tumour and the advanced RC renal carcinoma, producing a total regression of the tumour. Finally, the marked in vivo activity of TGU against a subline of P388 leukaemia totally resistant to cyclophosphamide (CP), its good water-solubility (7%) and its stability in neutral pH are further elements warranting clinical studies with this agent.
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PMID:Characterization of the activity of alpha/beta-triglycidylurazol (TGU; NSC-332488): a new antineoplastic compound. 654 Nov 38

In a phase I study on the toxicity and toleration of alkyllysophospholipids, tumor and leukemia responses have been noted in the first treated patients. Six patients with solid malignomas of different histologic types and one patient with acute myeloid leukemia are evaluable so far. All of them suffered from metastatic or wide-spread disease, were refractory to adequate polychemotherapy or other treatment modalities, or have been found untreatable because of poor general condition. Four cases revealed objective tumor and leukemia response with a minor response in a hypernephroma, two partial remissions in nonsmall cell bronchogenic carcinomas and reduction of leukemic blasts to less than 10% in acute myeloid leukemia. Limiting toxicity started with doses of 20 mg/kg given daily showing transient injury of renal and liver functions.
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PMID:Early tumor and leukemia response to alkyllysophospholipids in a phase I study. 712 46

Mortality in a 1942-1990 cohort of 858 men and 21 women employed in the manufacture and use of hydroquinone was evaluated through 1991. Average exposure concentrations, 1949-1990, ranged from 0.1 to 6.0 mg/m3 for hydroquinone dust and from less than 0.1 to 0.3 for quinone vapor (estimated 8-h time-weighted averages). Compared with general population and occupational referents, there were statistically significant deficits in total mortality and deaths due to cancer. No significant excesses were observed for such hypothesized causes as kidney cancer [2 observed vs 1.3 expected (both control groups), P approximately 0.39], liver cancer (0 vs 0.8, 1.3), and leukemia (0 vs 2.3, 2.7). Dose-response analyses of selected causes of death, including renal carcinoma, demonstrated no statistically significant heterogeneities or linear trends according to estimated career hydroquinone exposure (mg/m3-years) or time from first exposure.
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PMID:Mortality study of employees engaged in the manufacture and use of hydroquinone. 759 Nov 88

In the 35 years since the discovery of interferon, significant biological activity has been described for interferon-alpha (IFN alpha) in various cancers, particularly haematological malignancies such as hairy cell leukaemia and chronic myelogenous leukaemia. Except for localised therapy in bladder and ovarian cancer, activity against most solid tumours has been disappointing. Other notable exceptions include Kaposi's sarcoma, renal cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma, tumours known to be susceptible to immunological attack. More recently, broad spectrum antiviral activity has been demonstrated for both recombinant and naturally occurring IFN alpha. Hepatitis C is responsive to IFN alpha in about 40% of patients, but long term remissions are rare. In contrast, long term suppression of hepatitis B is common following IFN alpha therapy. Both diseases respond in a dose proportional fashion, with daily doses of 5 million units (MU) significantly more effective than lower doses. The mechanism of action in viral diseases involves the expression of unique antiviral proteins such as endonuclease and 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase which enhance the destruction of viral RNA. General cellular protein synthesis is also inhibited, including cytochrome P450 enzymes. This forms the basis for potential drug interactions, with IFN alpha slowing the clearance of highly metabolised drugs such as theophylline. As an antitumour agent, the mechanism of action of IFN alpha is unclear, particularly in haematological cancers. In melanoma and renal cell carcinoma, antitumour effects may be mediated by augmented immune responses including activation of natural killer lymphocytes and enhanced expression of cell surface antigens (e.g. MHC I and II). Conversely, antibody formation to recombinant IFN alpha may result in a loss of activity. This has been observed in both renal cell cancer and hepatitis B and C. The elimination half-life of IFN alpha is short, 4 to 5 hours, but biological activity extends for 2 to 3 days after administration, which facilitates daily or thrice weekly administration. Clearance of IFN alpha is mediated by catabolism in the renal tubules; no intact drug is excreted in the urine. It is probable that the antiviral indications of IFN alpha will expand as the agent is more clearly recognised as a primary endogenous defence against various viral conditions.
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PMID:Interferon-alpha in malignant and viral diseases. A review. 768 71

This review examines the animal, human, and mechanistic studies that precede the new studies reported in this volume. Wholly vaporized unleaded gasoline was found to produce a dose-dependent increase in renal carcinoma in male rats and an excess above background incidence of hepatocellular tumors in female mice in the high-dose group. Mechanistic studies suggest that gasoline is not mutagenic and that the probable mechanism for the male rat renal tumors involves a rat-specific protein, alpha 2u-globulin, whose binding with highly branched aliphatic compounds results in renal tubule cell death and, in turn, a proliferative sequence that increases renal tubule tumors. Human evidence generated predominantly from studies of refinery workers does not support a kidney or liver cancer risk in humans. The current epidemiologic database is inadequate to access leukemia risk from low-level benzene exposure from gasoline. Studies of gasoline-exposed workers that incorporate quantitative exposure information are needed.
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PMID:Review of the carcinogenic potential of gasoline. 802 Apr 48


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