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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To effectively practice radiation protection, radiographers must understand the potential biologic effects of radiation. This article reviews the importance of a knowledge of radiobiology to the work of radiologic technologists. The author describes four specific biologic effects from radiation exposure--leukemia, thyroid cancer, breast cancer and fetal effects--and presents clinical examples that relate to current radiation protection practices and concerns.
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PMID:The practice of radiobiology in the radiologic sciences. 799 23

Radioiodine is widely used in the treatment of thyroid cancer. It is one of the most benign forms of therapy for malignancy. Leukemia is a rare complication of 131I therapy, usually occurring after cumulative dosages of more than 800 mCi and with intervals between doses of less than 12 months. We report the occurrence of acute myelogenous leukemia in a 28-yr-old woman 14 months after receiving a total dose of 300 mCi 131I for metastatic follicular thyroid cancer. We also review the published literature of the incidence of leukemia after low dose 131I.
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PMID:Leukemia after a small dose of radioiodine for metastatic thyroid cancer. 807 44

The ecological situation in some regions of the Ukraine is critical due to the concentration of major ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy, oil refining and chemical industries, and due to the consequences of the Chernobyl accident. The health status of the whole population over the last few years has deteriorated and resulted in 1992 in a decrease in the birth-rate coefficient to 11.5 per million and an increase in the mortality rate up to 13.4 per million. The average level of life expectancy for men and women in 1991 decreased to 63.3 and 74.5 years, respectively. In 1991 the number of occupational diseases registered increased to 7958 or 3 per 10,000 of the working population, which does not reflect the real situation in the country. Major medical and biological problems of the consequences of the Chernobyl accident are restricted to the field of studying the effect of low-dose exposure and assessment of delayed stochastic effects. Until now no significant increase was registered in age-adjusted cancer, leukemia and lymphoma incidence rates among the male and female population of the most contaminated, strictly controlled territories and regions of the Ukraine in comparison with the average rate in the whole country. But the incidence of thyroid cancer in 1990 was 0.23, in 1991 0.19 and in 1992 0.35 per 100,000 children under 14 years of age. In the Ukraine the incidence of thyroid cancer in 1981-1985 did not exceed 0.04-0.06 cases per 100,000 children.
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PMID:Health problems of the population in different regions of the Ukraine. 820 34

Cancer incidence in the Dalgety Bay area of Fife, Scotland, was examined following the detection of radium-226 particles by routine radiation monitoring. The study was confounded by rapid population growth, demographic change and the relatively high socioeconomic status of the Dalgety Bay population. Health Board Primary Care Division records were used to calculate population estimates and Carstairs deprivation score was used to adjust for socioeconomic characteristics. In the period 1975-90, 211 residents were registered as having cancer compared with 214.21 expected from Scottish national rates. Of specific cancers possibly associated with radiation, the incidence of stomach, liver, lung, bone, prostate, bladder and kidney cancer and lymphoma were lower than expected while colon, rectum, pancreas, skin, breast and thyroid cancer and multiple myeloma and leukaemia were higher. There were three cases of childhood leukaemia compared with 1.22 expected. The only statistically significant differences observed were for pancreas (11 cases, O/E 2.28), lung (25 cases, O/E 0.65) and non-melanoma skin (36 cases, O/E 1.50). Stomach cancer was of borderline statistical significance (four cases, O/E 0.40). Adjustments for socioeconomic factors accounted for the apparently low incidence of stomach and lung cancer and, to a lesser extent, skin cancer, which remained of borderline statistical significance. Results in relation to pancreas cancer were unchanged. The observations of raised incidence of pancreas and skin cancer arose in the context of a survey of 17 cancer sites, from which the finding of two or more statistically significant results is not unusual (P = 0.21), and the numbers of cases involved were small. The epidemiological evidence for an association between radiation exposure and pancreas cancer risk is weak. Stronger evidence exists for an association with skin cancer. In the present study the anatomical distribution of the 36 cases was similar to that found elsewhere in Scotland.
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PMID:Cancer incidence in a population potentially exposed to radium-226 at Dalgety Bay, Scotland. 828 96

An international committee (2) which has studied the health and environmental effects of the Chernobyl accident within the borders of the former Soviet Union does not expect that any increase in cancer frequency among adults can be demonstrated epidemiologically. However, the possibility of an observable increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer and increase in juvenile leukemia could not be excluded. The statistics in Sweden is more accurate, though the radiation doses were significantly lower. It would appear to be unlikely that any changes in cancer incidence (even among children), in mental development in children, in malformations or genetic changes ascribable to the Chernobyl accident will ever be demonstrated in Sweden.
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PMID:[Health effects in Sweden of the Chernobyl accident]. 847 98

Leukaemia is an uncommon late complication of exposure to the ionizing radiation of radioactive iodine (131I). Most cases reported have been of acute leukaemias developing after high doses of 131I. Only a few cases of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) have been reported in this setting to date. We report two new cases of CML after low dose radioactive iodine and review the literature. We present an analysis of the minimal relative risk of CML developing in thyroid cancer patients treated with 131I in Israel. Two male patients, 35 and 51 years old, developed CML following low dose 131I therapy for metastatic mixed papillary and follicular carcinoma of the thyroid. Both had undergone thyroidectomy and neck dissection and thyroid ablation with 131I (total dose: 56 and 130 mCi respectively). Four and 10 years later, respectively, a leucocytosis was noticed with typical blood smears, and CML was diagnosed either by Philadelphia translocation or bcr-abl gene rearrangement. Thyroid cancer at that time was in remission. Estimated minimal relative risk of CML after 131I therapy where the population considered at risk comprised all thyroid cancer patients detected during the years 1981-1991 in Israel was 8.95 (95% confidence limits 2.26-35.16). Literature review disclosed five additional similar cases. The mean radioiodine dose given to the seven CML patients was 11416MBq (range 1134-32130 MBq), considerably lower than the dose given to patients reported in the literature who subsequently developed acute leukaemias (mean 34965, range 3856-54810 MBq). We suggest that CML is a potential complication of low dose 131I therapy given for thyroid carcinoma even at the lower end of the dose range used for this indication. Leucocytosis appearing in these patients should raise the suspicion of secondary CML.
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PMID:Chronic myeloid leukaemia following 131I treatment for thyroid carcinoma: a report of two cases and review of the literature. 854 52

The carcinogenic effects of exposure to ionizing radiation vary markedly with age, as revealed by studies of Japanese atomic bomb survivors and of Marshall Islanders exposed to fallout from U.S. nuclear weapons tests in the South Pacific in 1954. An increase in cancers of adulthood after intrauterine exposure, as reported in 1988, has not been sustained. After childhood exposure, increases in leukemia, breast cancer, and thyroid cancer are well established. The carcinogenic effects of radiation on the young have been reported after intrauterine exposures and after exposures during childhood. Cancers with short latent periods such as leukemia occur during childhood, but those with long latent periods such as breast cancer occur in adulthood.
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PMID:Special susceptibility of the child to certain radiation-induced cancers. 854 87

A 40-year-old female patient with Werner's syndrome (WS) suffering from thyroid cancer and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is reported. She had been diagnosed as having WS complicated with thyroid cancer seven years previously. Total thyroidectomy and radioactive iodine (131I, 100 mCi/year) therapy for seven years had slowed the progression of thyroid cancer. She suffered a sudden onset of MDS at the age of 40 years. After six months she died from overt leukemia. We found an additional chromosome aberration of chromosome 10 in the progression of leukemia from MDS.
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PMID:Leukemia developing after 131I treatment for thyroid cancer in a patient with Werner's syndrome: molecular and cytogenetic studies. 858 May 57

No familial marker chromosome associated with a malignancy has been reported to date. We used fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to characterize a supernumerary marker chromosome 15 ascertained during prenatal diagnosis. This supernumerary chromosome 15 was found to span three generations of a family. Three family members carrying the supernumerary chromosome 15 have also had malignancies, namely, a cystic glioma, leukemia, and thyroid cancer.
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PMID:Familial supernumerary chromosome and malignancy. 869 27

Radioiodine (131I) therapy is indicated in patients with nearly all causes of hyperthyroidism. It may safely be given to patients of all age groups but is less often given to children under 10 years old. It is completely contraindicated in pregnancy and while breast feeding, but there is no increased risk of thyroid cancer, leukaemia or solid tumours. Administration of radioiodine must conform to regulations and definitions laid down by ARSAC And POPUMET. Medical staff authorising therapy must hold an ARSAC licence. The recommended strategy is to give an activity sufficient to render the patient rapidly euthyroid and maintain that state or achieve no more than a low rate of hypothyroidism in subsequent years. A range of activity (300-800 MBq) is suggested depending on the clinical state. Antithyroid drugs may be given before or after (or both) radioiodine if necessary. Full written information should be given to the patient and written consent obtained. A structured follow-up should be used ensuring regular measurement of TSH or FT4. Close cooperation with the patient's general practitioner is recommended throughout the assessment, treatment and follow-up. Shared care with a computer based follow-up system is recommended.
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PMID:Guidelines for the use of radioiodine in the management of hyperthyroidism: a summary. Prepared by the Radioiodine Audit Subcommittee of the Royal College of Physicians Committee on Diabetes and Endocrinology, and the Research Unit of the Royal College of Physicians. 874


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