Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), Fanconi anaemia (FA), ataxia telangiectasia (AT) and Bloom disease (BS) are four rare autosomal recessive disorders in which there is defective DNA repair and/or chromosome instability and proneness to malignancy. Between 80 and 90% of patients with XP have a defect, demonstrable at cell level, of excision of DNA lesions induced by ultraviolet rays, while the remainder have a cellular error of post-replication repair. XP cells are also deficient in repairing DNA damage caused by a variety of chemical mutagens. There are at least five different complementation groups of the first, or classical, type of XP (A to D, etc.) Apparently group C patients, as well as those with defective post-replication repair, do not show the progressive neurological illness found in a proportion of the other patients. AT is heterogeneous clinically and genetically. Clinically it presents with a progressive neurological illness, progressive telangiectases and a developmental disorder of the thymus. AT is characterized by sensitivity to X-rays and AT cells are unable to repair gamma-ray-induced damage to bases in the DNA. It appears that in many cases of the disorder a chromosomally marked cellular clone is found. In BS the main defect, which results in growth retardation, sun-induced lesions of the face and susceptibility to infection, appears to be a slow DNA chain maturation during DNA synthesis. An increase of sister chromatid exchanges is characteristically seen in the chromosomes of cultured BS cells. In FA, in which there is progressive pancytopenia with eventual bone marrow exhaustion and a tendency to haemorrhage and infection, the cellular defect seems to consist of faulty removal of repair of cross-links in the DNA. In this condition, as in BS and AT, various structural chromosome changes are detected in cultured cells. Patients with XP develop skin cancers in early life and often maligant melanomas. In the other three disorders, in which an immune deficiency is often present, leukaemia and related proliferative disorders are a frequent cause of death while other malignancies also occur. There is some evidence that points to an increased risk of malignancy in heterozygotes who carry the FA and AT genes.
 ...
PMID:DNA repair defects and chromosome instability disorders. 25 77

Mortality and morbidity from cancer among a cohort of 13,570 white male rubber workers were examined. Each man worked for at least 5 years at the Akron, Ohio, plant of the B. F. Goodrich Company. The potential period of follow-up was from January 1, 1940 to June 30, 1976. Departmental work histories were based primarily on records maintained by Local no. 5, United Rubber Workers. The occurrence of cancer was measured by death certificates and by a survey of Akron-area hospital tumor registries from 1964 to 1974. Two types of analyses were made: 1) an external comparison of mortality rates of rubber workers versus rates of U.S. white males, and 2) an internal comparison of cancer morbidity rates among persons who were employed in various work areas of the plant. Excess cases of specific cancers (observed/expected numbers) among workers in specific work areas included: stomach and intestine: rubber making (30/14.4); lung: tire curing (31/14.1), fuel cells and/or deicers (46/29.1); bladder: chemical plant (6/2.4), and tire building (16/10.7); skin cancer: tire assembly (12/1.9); brain cancer: tire assembly (8/2.0); lymphatic cancer: tire building (8/3.2); and leukemia: calendering (8/2.2), tire curing (8/2.6), tire building (12/7.5), elevators (4/1.4), tubes (4/1.6), and rubber fabrics (4/1.1). Agents that may be responsible for these excesses were considered.
 ...
PMID:Cancer mortality and morbidity among rubber workers. 27 10

Ninety-nine (21%) of 471 patients who survived with functioning grafts for at least six months following renal transplantation developed cancer. Of these 76 (77%) had skin malignancy, 29 (29%) had malignancy affecting other organs, and six had cancer of both skin and other organs. In patients with skin cancer squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was three times as frequent as basal cell carcinoma (BCC). SCC tended to be multiple, recurrent and aggressive. Seven (12%) patients with SCC developed metastases of whom five died. Cancers other than skin included reticulum cell sarcoma (9), acute leukaemia (2) and cancers involving the gastrointestinal (5), genitourinary (11) and respiratory (2) systems. Incidence of cancer in patients surviving beyond one, five and nine years after operation was 98/428 (23%), 70/179 (39%) and 20/45 (44%) respectively. In 31 patients who died more than five years after transplantation cancer was the major cause in eight (26%). For the types of cancers recorded estimates show allograft recipients to be at increased risk when compared with the age-matched Australian population by factors which varied from 300 times for reticulum cell sarcoma to 1.8 times for invasive carcinoma of the cervix. The full extent of the threat of cancer in immune suppressed transplant recipients remains to be determined.
 ...
PMID:Cancer following renal transplantation. 39 29

The article comprises the literature data on a new group of enzymopathies in man associated with the defect of the cell reparative mechanisms, which in the norm restore damages of DNA induced by factors of a different character. Special attention is paid to molecular processes observed in the hereditary disease in man--xeroderma characterized by a high sensitivity of the patient to ultraviolet irradiation and by a high incidence of cancer of the skin. Experimental evidences are presented testifying to an elevated sensitivity of cells of such patients to carcinogens, some viruses, and illustrating peculiar features of formation of structural mutations of chromosomes induced by physical, chemical and biological agents. Defects of individual enzymes of reparation in progeria, Fanconi's anemia and some other human diseases are described. The author recommends to simulate defects of reparative enzymes on diploid human cells infected with the virus of leukemia.
 ...
PMID:[Nature of diverse molecular diseases in man]. 101 91

A study was carried out to analyse trends in cancer mortality sex differentials. This study compared age-standardized sex ratio values for mortality from 18 cancers (or groups of cancers), and total cancer mortality over the period 1950-1989 in 24 European countries, for 4 age groups (all ages, 20-44 years, 45-64 years, and 65 years and over). For lung cancer and other tobacco-related neoplasms, appreciable rises in sex ratio values were observed until the late 1970s, particularly in Southern and Eastern Europe, before levelling off in recent years, particularly among the younger age groups. In the late 1980s, the range of variation in overall age-standardized sex ratios for lung cancer was between 2 and 3 in the United Kingdom and in Nordic countries, and around or over 10 in Southern Europe. In young adults, the decline in sex ratio values observed in Denmark and Sweden (unity), and in other Nordic countries and in the United Kingdom (around or below 2) reflects a levelling of lung cancer in young males and an increase in young females. This clearly indicates that young women are a priority target group for smoking control interventions in Europe. Appreciable cohort effects were also observed for stomach cancer: rises in sex ratio values were greater in, or restricted to, middle- and older age groups, whereas in the young there was some tendency towards a levelling in sex differentials. The overall sex ratio values for stomach cancer were around 2 in most areas of Europe in the late 1980s. For intestinal cancer, sex ratio values showed some tendency to rise, reaching a level of 1.3-1.7 in the late 1980s; steady rises were also registered in sex ratio values for melanoma (skin cancer), reaching 1.5-1.8 in the late 1980s in most countries. These upward trends which were minor or inconsistent at younger ages in several countries became progressively stronger with advancing age. Sex ratio values were below unity for cancers of the gallbladder and the thyroid. Sex ratio values tended to rise also for leukaemia (from 1.2-1.5 to 1.5-1.7), but showed no noticeable trend for lymphomas or myeloma. The overall sex ratio values for total cancer mortality in the 1950s were between 1.2 and 1.4 in most European countries. Thereafter, they rose appreciably in several countries, reaching 1.9 in Czechoslovakia, Italy and Poland, and 2.3 in France.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Trends in cancer mortality sex ratios in Europe, 1950-1989. 141 53

Machining fluids are widely used in a variety of common industrial metalworking operations to lubricate and cool both the tool and the working surfaces. Previous studies have suggested elevated respiratory, digestive, and skin cancers in exposed populations. This cohort study was initiated to assess whether long-term exposure to machining fluids in the course of machining, grinding, and other cutting operations is associated with excess cancer mortality. The cohort includes more than 45,000 automobile production workers from 3 plants, almost 1 million years of follow-up, over 10,000 deaths, and an extensive exposure assessment component. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) have been estimated for each of the 3 plants, using both U.S. as well as local populations as reference. Relative risks of 1.2-3.1 have been observed for several specific respiratory and digestive cancers of a priori interest, including cancer of the stomach, large intestine, pancreas, lung, and larynx. In addition, elevated risks for leukemia and asthma were noted. Future exposure-response analyses will provide the opportunity to identify relatively modest excesses in cause-specific mortality risk associated with exposure to specific types (straight, soluble, or synthetic), additives, or components of machining fluids.
 ...
PMID:Mortality studies of machining fluid exposure in the automobile industry I: A standardized mortality ratio analysis. 146 27

Benzohydroxamic acids proved to be potent cytotoxic agents suppressing the growth of a number of murine and human cell lines grown in tissue culture, e.g. leukemia, colon, uterine and glioma. Selected compounds demonstrated activity against the growth KB nasopharynx, bronchogenic lung, osteosarcoma and skin cancer. In vivo activity against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma growth was shown with certain compounds. In L1210 cells compound 2 inhibited DNA synthesis significantly within 60 min. the site of action of the agent appears to involve the purine de novo synthesis pathway at PRPP amido transferase and IMP dehydrogenase. Dihydrofolate reductase and nucleoside kinase activities were inhibited by the agent. The levels of d(NTP)s in L1210 cells were reduced after drug treatment. The drug did not appear to affect the DNA template directly causing any damage which might alter transcription and replication nor was there any inhibition of HeLa topoisomerase activity by the drug. Thus the drug appears to be a metabolic inhibitor of nucleoside metabolism.
 ...
PMID:The antineoplastic and cytotoxicity of benzohydroxamic acids and related derivatives in murine and human tumor cells. 152 9

Since 1983, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) has collected data by means of its Cancer Information Service (CIS), a toll-free telephone helpline for health care professionals and members of the public who have questions about cancer treatment, diagnosis, and prevention. These data reveal information about the characteristics of callers and their questions and about how inquiries reflect mass media promotions and secular trends. A request for a publication is the most common type of inquiry, followed by information about specific cancer sites, smoking prevention and cessation, other types of prevention, cancer treatment, cancer symptoms, referrals to physicians, NCI clinical trials, hospital and clinic-based screening programs, and general counseling or coping. Breast cancer is the most common cancer of interest, followed by respiratory system cancers, colon and prostate cancers, leukemia, melanoma, nonHodgkin's lymphoma, cervical cancer, general or unspecified skin cancer, and ovarian cancer. Responding to these other caller inquiries, CIS counselors may proactively guide callers to a desirable goal, such as screening mammography. Protocols have been developed to assist counselors' proactive efforts, and preliminary results are beginning to support this approach. The findings gathered in this study underscore the health education potential of telephone helplines and point to the need for controlled evaluation research on the effectiveness of proactive counselor advice.
 ...
PMID:Cancer prevention counseling on telephone helplines. 159 37

The controversy regarding the importance of the definition and standardization of a radiation exposure history is identified. Cancer incidence is increasing partly due to increased diagnostic accuracy but some over utilization of diagnostic X-ray exposure has been linked with increased breast, brain, thyroid and skin cancer, leukemia and multiple myeloma incidence. Since there is a lack of standardization of radiation histories and lack of knowledge by some physicians of radiation exposure dosages, this practitioner has compiled a suggested practical reference list of common radiation exposure dosages and indications for a detailed radiation history with current references.
 ...
PMID:Some thoughts about the importance of X-ray exposure histories for patients. 162 98

In populations with non-HIV immunodeficiency, non-Hodgkin lymphoma and soft tissue sarcoma, especially Kaposi's sarcoma, are the most prominent tumours, but Hodgkin's disease, gastric carcinoma, squamous cell skin cancer, malignant melanoma, hepatoma, myeloid leukaemia and/or colorectal carcinoma have been linked in various studies. Population based cancer registries and cohort studies of HIV infected persons have generally failed to detect HIV related increases in total cancer incidence or in specific tumours other than non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Kaposi's sarcoma; however, associations with anal carcinoma, hepatoma and Hodgkin's disease have been suggested by some studies. Although not indicating increased risk, HIV induced immunosuppression has been linked to an acceleration of cervical and anal neoplasia and to increased aggressiveness of Hodgkin's disease with a relative excess of the mixed cellularity type. Advances in treatment for HIV infection will delay progression to AIDS and may allow an altered natural history to emerge, including the occurrence of excesses of additional cancer types.
 ...
PMID:HIV infection and cancers other than non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Kaposi's sarcoma. 182 20


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>