Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The cytogenetic control of 17 mouse tumor cell strains from of the collection of the bank of the Centre for Oncology Research of the AMS USSR was made: 4 leukemias (L-5178Y, L-1210, L-1210 resistant to 6-mercaptopurine, P-388), 2 sarcomas (S-180, S-298), 8 carcinomas (Ehrlich ascitic carcinoma, carcinoma 755,6-mercaptopurine resistant carcinoma 755, lung cancer LC-67, cervical cancer CC-2, cervical cancer CC-5, stomach cancer GC-5), 2 melanomas (B16, S91) and 1 plasmocytoma (MOPC 21). A comparison of their cytogenetic features allowed a conclusion to be drawn on the absence of any contamination among 14 strains of this collection. Carcinoma 755, sarcoma 298 and leukemia L-5178Y need some further examination for such inference to be valid.
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PMID:[Cytogenetic characteristics of transplantable mouse tumors]. 29 90

VP-16-213, a semisynthetic podophyliotoxin, was tested for antitumor and clinical toxicity in 126 children. The drug was administered iv daily x 5 days every 2 weeks at a starting dose of 75 mg/m2/day. The dose was increased by 25 mg/m2/day/course until clinical response or significant toxicity occurred. The only major toxicity was hematologic, with neutropenia as the most predominant feature. There was one local allergic reaction at the site of injection. No systemic allergic responses were reported. The drug demonstrated significant activity in acute myelomonocytic leukemia with four responses among 19 patients, less activity in acute myelocytic leukemia with two responses among 44 patients, and little activity in acute lymphocytic leukemia with only one partial response among 12 patients. Objective partial responses occurred in ten of 48 patients with solid tumors: two each with Wilms' tumor, lymphoma, and histiocytosis X, and one each with rhabdomyosarcoma, neuroblastoma, Ewing's sarcoma, and undifferentiated carcinoma. The inclusion of VP-16-213 in combination chemotherapy for childhood acute myelomonocytic leukemia and acute myelocytic leukemia appears indicated in patients relapsing after initial therapy. For solid tumors this is an interim report, with further patient accrual required before specific comments can be made.
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PMID:Phase II study of VP-16-213 in childhood malignant disease: a Children's Cancer Study Group Report. 29 6

Four patients with chronic lymphatic leukaemia, M. Hodgkin and metastatic breast carcinoma developed particularly severe generalised herpes zoster, with complications of herpes zoster pneumonia, signs of encephalitis and phrenic nerve paresis. Virus specific complement-fixing antibodies increased regularly or delayed, without strict correlation to the clinical course. However, in all these cases there was a relative or absolute deficiency of T-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood, as a result of the underlying illness and of treatment with cytostatic agents. Because of the vital role of cell-mediated immunity in the control of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), the observed T-cell deficiency seems to be an important pre-condition for the development of severe generalised herpes zoster.
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PMID:[Severe generalized courses of zoster due to cellular immunologic defects. Importance of an absolute or relative T-cell deficiency]. 30 13

There is much experimental data which indicates that ionizing radiation is a very potent carcinogenic agent. Most types of carcinoma can be produced by radiation. Carcinoma is apparently induced through a single or a series of mutations in somatic cells. Radiologists have excess leukemia and other malignancy from external x-ray; uranium and other miners have excess lung cancer from internal alpha radiation; luminous dial painters have excess osteogenic sarcomas; and uranium mill workers appear to have excess lymphomas. A large number of persons are now exposed occupationally to radiation from nuclear reactors, and from various uses of radioisotopes. For the induction of most types of cancers from radiation it appears that the risk is between 0.5 and 2 cancers per rem per million person years. Epidemiological techniques are essential in determining risks of this low magnitude. Other agents may inhibit or enhance the carcinogenicity of radiation.
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PMID:Occupational exposure to radiation as a cancer hazard. 32 45

Fourteen cases of primary malignant lymphomas of the breast were found in the pathology files of the M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute from 1944 to 1975. The lymphomas represented only 0.12% of 11,277 primary malignant breast tumors seen during the same period. There were no definite clinical features to distinguish the patients with lymphoma from those with breast carcinoma. All of the lymphomas had a diffuse pattern. Eight cases were classified as undifferentiated lymphoma, five as histiocytic, and one as poorly differentiated lymphocytic, convoluted cell type. Four patients had mastectomies and the remainder biopsies as their sole surgical procedure. Eight patients received post-surgical radiotherapy and all eventually had chemotherapy. The five-year survival rate for the 13 patients with follow-up was 49%. Patients with histiocytic lymphoma appeared to have a more favorable prognosis than those with the undifferentiated type. Six of the latter patients are dead with a median survival of seven months, comparable to the reported survival of patients with American Burkitt's lymphoma. The patient with the convoluted cell type has developed acute blastic leukemia and is currently under therapy.
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PMID:Primary malignant lymphomas of the breast. 32 51

In a phase II trial, prednimustine was often efficient in treating chronic lymphoid leukaemia (CLL) patients and was also active in some patients with lymphosarcoma, melanoma and bronchus carcinoma. Tolerance was generally excellent, the most critical side effect being thrombocytopenia in the case of CLL.
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PMID:A phase II clinical trial of prednimustine. Clinical screening cooperative group of E.O.R.T.C. 32 10

Water-soluble monoethers of sucrose and fatty acids were obtained from Trypanosoma lewisi and Astasia longa. The maximum tolerated dose of the preparations on their single intraperitoneal administration was more than 25 g/kg. The doses of 10--40 mg/kg were used repeatedly in therapy. Carcinoma 755, Lewis carcinoma, sarcoma 45, sarcoma 37 and sarcoma 180 were sensitive to the preparations. The preparations were inactive against experimental leukemia.
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PMID:[Antitumor activity of fatty acid derivatives isolated from protozoa]. 33 51

Less than 40 percent of all carcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract will be controlled by the current modalities of treatment. Early diagnosis and appropriate surgical resection are still the only rational and effective approach to the control of this cancer. The tremendous strides in cancer chemotherapy in the management of leukemia, children's solid tumors, and neoplasms of lymphoid origin have not been evident in the management of gastrointestinal carcinoma. Extensive clinical trials with single agents and various drug combinations have resulted so far in partial response rates. Adjuvant chemotherapy to surgical resection has also failed to alter the natural course of the disease and, therefore, to establish its benefits in a series of projective randomized studies. Only continued research in cancer cell biology and basic and clinical pharmacology with carefully controlled therapeutic trials with new agents will eventually lead to the more effective use of chemotherapy in management of gastrointesinal cancer.
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PMID:Chemotherapy and cancer of the gastrointestinal tract. 38 86

Rapidly fatal acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) occurred in a woman with advanced (Stage III) ovarian carcinoma who was treated with thiotepa for 30 months. This patient was 1 of 10 long term survivors and represented less than 2% of patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma with regional metastases who received long term chemotherapy during the period 1947-1975. Acute leukemia developed 44 months after initial diagnosis and was preceded by a 10 month period of pancytopenia following cessation of thiotepa. The leukemia did not respond to treatment and the patient expired 3 weeks after its onset. At autopsy, leukemic infiltration of organs was seen, but there was no evidence of carcinoma. A review of the literature suggests that the development of AML reported in ovarian cancer patients is related to alkylating agent therapy.
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PMID:Ovarian carcinoma terminating in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia following alkylating agent therapy. 41 94

A characteristic alkaline phosphatase (orthophosphoric monoester hydrolase, alkaline pH optimum, EC 3.1.3.1) was detected in the sera of most patients with infectious mononucleosis, acute and chronic lymphatic leukaemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Burkitt's lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The enzyme was also present in the sera of nine out of 26 patients with cancer of the cervix. N-APase in these cases counted 30-100% of the total alkaline phosphatase activity. N-APase was absent from the sera of healthy individuals and of patients with acute and chronic granulocytic leukaemia, breast cancer, colon cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, systemic lupus erythematosis, hepatitis and obstructive jaundice. Only three of 22 patients with Hodgkin's disease showed n-apase activity in the serum. In infectious mononucleosis the presence of N-APase activity was well correlated with the clinical course. In 13 cases studied, the clinical improvement was associated with the decrease or disappearance of N-APase activity. N-APase activity could not be detected in white cells of acute myeloid leukaemic patients, nor in the cells of myeloid blastic crisis of chronic granulocytic leukaemia. It was present in the cells of lymphoid blastic crisis of chronic granulocytic leukaemia.
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PMID:N-alkaline phosphatase: a potential disease marker for lymphoproliferative disorders. 43 2


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