Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Leukemia cells from 13 of 27 patients stimulated lymphocytes of their HLA-identical siblings in mixed leukocyte cultures (MLC). Stimulation correlated with high background uptake of tritiated thymidine and high percentages of cells that stained with fluorescein-conjugated polyvalent goat antiserum against human immunoglobulin. Results were similar to those reported with fractionated autologous lymphocyte subpopulations in normal individuals. Investigation of leukemia-specific stimulation in MLC is therefore problematic.
J Natl Cancer Inst 1977 Jul
PMID:Relationship between leukemia antigens and stimulation in mixed leukocyte culture. 6 37

Northern poke lymphosarcoma DNA polymerase was partially purified from particulate fractions banding at 1.15 to 1.16 g/ml from homogenates prepared from frozen necropsies of tumor-bearing pike. The enzyme behaves as a typical reverse transcriptase, in that it prefers ribotemplates to deoxytemplates. The isoelectric point (pl 5.5) is similar to that of avian myeloblastosis virus polymerase. The pike enzyme elutes from a phosphocellulose column at 0.22 M potassium phosphate, the same as avian myeloblastosis virus DNA polymerase. The enzyme activity is inhibited by pyran, a specific inhibitor of viral DNA polymerases. The most striking difference between the pike lymphoma polymerase and the other viral DNA polymerases tested is the low maximum temperature of 20 degrees, compared to 30 degrees for Rauscher leukemia virus polymerase and 38 degrees for avian myeloblastosis virus and Rous sarcoma virus.
Cancer Res 1977 Sep
PMID:Presence of DNA polymerase in lymphosarcoma in northern pike (Esox lucius). 6 92

Similarities have been observed for some time between oncornavirus-induced malignancies in laboratory animals and leukemias and solid tumors in man. Particles similar to type C oncornaviruses have been detected by electron microscopy both in cells or plasma from leukemia patients and in solid-tumor human malignancies such as Hodgkin's lymphoma, lymphosarcomas, and sarcomas. Likewise, particles resembling type B oncornaviruses in shape and appearance have been found in human breast cancer. In neither case has the infectious nature of the particles been confirmed. However, DNA synthesized in vitro by the enzyme of murine mammary tumor virus was found to hybridize with polysomal RNA obtained from human mammary adenocarcinomas. The presence of RNA complementary to RNA from the Rauscher strain of murine leukemia virus has been observed in other human malignancies unrelated to breast cancer. It has also been found that cells of patients with myelogenous leukemia possess an oncornaviral-type reverse transcriptase that is distinguishable from other cell DNA polymerases and serologically related to the reverse transcriptase of primate oncornaviruses.
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PMID:Human studies following animal models of tumorigenesis by oncornaviruses. 7 Nov 81

A human serum (obtained from a multiparous and multiple-transfused patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia) and a rabbit antiserum (obtained by immunization with papain extracts from a B-lymphoblastoid cell line) showed reactivity against antigenic specificities (different from HLA) expressed on peripheral blood B-lymphocytes, unmarked lymphocytes, and monocytes. These antigenic determinants were expressed on myeloblasts and lymphoblasts from patients with acute leukemia (during the active phase of their disease) and on B-lymphoblastoid cell lines and lymphocytes from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Purified peripheral blood T-lymphocytes, mitogen (phytohemagglutinin)-activated T-lymphocytes, and lymphoblasts (with T-cell characteristics) obtained from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia or established lymphoblastoid cell lines lacked these antigenic specificities. Absorption experiments indicate that the antigen(s) detected on normal mononuclear cell populations, leukemia cells, and B-lymphoblastoid cell lines were either identical or highly cross-reactive.
Cancer Res 1977 Oct
PMID:Recognition by human and rabbit sera of common antigens to leukemia blast cells, peripheral blood B-lymphocytes, and monocytes. 7 Nov 97

5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine administered at a daily dose of 1.5 mg/kg increased the life-span of P388 leukemia-bearing BALB/c X DBA/2 F1 mice by 5 times and that of second generation lymphoma-bearing AKR mice by 2.5 times. Higher doses (total dose, 20 mg/kg) led to favorable results when administered in two portions on Days 4 and 5 after the s.c. inoculation of leukemic cells. The same total dose given on 5 consecutive days was toxic. The lethal dose that killed 50% of the animals was 190 mg/kg. The drug was also effective in L1210 leukemia. 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine inhibited the phosphorylation of 2'-deoxycytidine in the acid-soluble pool of cells from leukemic AKR mice as well as its incorporation into DNA. In vitro the inhibition of the uptake of 2'-deoxycytidine into cells from leukemic mice by 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine had a competitive character (Ki, 8 X 10(-5) M). Although 5-aza-2'-deoxy[4-14C]cytidine of low-specific activity was not detected in DNA isolated from the lives of leukemic mice, the same tritium-labeled drug of high-specific radioactivity was selectively localized in the nuclei of leukemic cells as revealed by autoradiography. The incorporation of [3H]-5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine into DNA of cells from leukemic mice was confirmed by the chromatographic separation of DNA on a column of kieselguhr coated with methylated albumin.
Cancer Res 1977 Oct
PMID:Incorporation of a potent antileukemic agent, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, into DNA of cells from leukemic mice. 7 Nov 99

cis-Platinum diamminodichloride has been studied in combination with 2,2'-anhydro-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-5-fluorocytosine on an every-4-day schedule in various lines of mouse leukemia. This combination is synergistic in leukemias L1210 and P388 and sublines made resistant to 5-fluorouracil or methotrexate. There is no cross-resistance between cis-platinum diamminodichloride and 2,2'-anhydro-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-5-fluorocytosine, but the combination is no more effective against lines of leukemia made resistant to cis-platinum diamminodichloride or to 2,2'-anhydro-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-5-fluorocytosine than either single active compound alone. Since these compounds have no cross-resistance, act by quite different mechanisms of action, and have different limiting toxicity, the combination is now being evaluated clinically.
Cancer Res 1977 Nov
PMID:Synergistic effects of the combination of cis-platinum diamminodichloride and 2,2'-anhydro-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-5-fluorocytosine in transplanted mouse leukemias. 7 Dec 4

This paper presents an overview of four Cancer and Leukemia Group B studies in 1266 patients with stage III-IV non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The cases were analyzed across protocols; the major prognostic determinants were prior chemotherapy, age, and histology. The four studies proved that cyclophosphamide maintenance was superior to no maintenance even after prolonged intensive induction chemotherapy. Furthermore, the reinforcement program of monthly pulse doses of vincristine and prednisone, whose value was established in the treatment of acute leukemia, led to highly significant improvement in remission duration and survival. Other facets of the chemotherapy programs are still being subjected to analysis, but this report sets out some preliminary conclusions.
Cancer Treat Rep 1977 Sep
PMID:Overview of four clinical studies of chemotherapy for stage III and IV non-Hodgkin's lymphomas by the Cancer and Leukemia Group B. 7 Dec 8

A high molecular weight RNA-reverse transcriptase complex in the culture media of peripheral leukocytes obtained from two Japanese patients with myeloma-leukemia was detected by demonstration of a 3H-uridine peak and a peak of DNA polymerizing activity banding at a density of 1.15-1.19g/ml. The enzyme in the complex was able to utilize poly(rA)-d(pT)10 or poly (rC)-d(pG) 12-18, but not poly (dA)-d(pT) 10 or (dT) 12-18 as template-primers. The sucrose density sedimentation analysis revealed that RNA in the complex sedimented at a location of approximately 50s and 20-30s.
Int J Cancer 1977 Jul 15
PMID:RNA-reverse transcriptase complex from cultured human myeloma-leukemia cells. 7 Dec 70

Cell membranes of Moloney lymphoma cells (YAC, of strain A origin) were solubilized by NP40. The antigenicity of the solubilized protein fraction was assayed by inhibition of the corresponding cytotoxic reaction against YAC target cells. The Moloney leukemia virus (MLV)-determined cell surface antigen (MCSA) was detected with mouse antisera, produced by the repeated inoculation of heavily irradiated YAC cells into syngeneic mice. Virion proteins gp71, p30, p15, p12 and p10 were identified with goat or rabbit antisera against purified Rauscher and Friend leukemia virus proteins. MCSA was found to bind to Con-A--Sepharose and was eluted by mannoside together with H-2A AND GP71. In contrast, p30, p12, p10 and part of p15 and p15(E), were not retained on the column and could be separated from MCSA. Passage of the glycoprotein fraction through Sephadex G-200 led to the separation of MCSA activity from gp71 and H-2A. MCSA eluted between the immunoglobulin (IgG) and the bovine serum albumin (BSA) size markers. MCSA could be also separated from the known viral proteins and from H-2 by velocity centrifugation in sucrose gradients. It sedimented with approximately 6.6 S ahead of gp71 (4.4 S) and H-2 (3.2 S). It is suggested that MCSA may be a glycoprotein with an approximate molecular weight of 110,000 and distinct from the known viral proteins gp71, p30, p15(E), p12, p10 and from H-2.
Int J Cancer 1977 Jul 15
PMID:Separation of the Moloney leukemia virus-determined cell surface antigen (MCSA) from known virion proteins associated with the cell membrane. 7 Dec 77

Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) concentrations were measured by a radial immunodiffusion assay in 233 patients with various malignancies. In 96 of these, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was also measured by radioimmunoassay. The concentration of HbF exceeded 2 SDs above the normal mean in 39 of 233 patients, most notably in patients with leukemia, lymphomas, multiple myeloma and testicular tumors. The proportion of HbF was not correlated with the total hemoglobin concentration or with serum AFP concentration.
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PMID:Fetal hemoglobin and alpha-fetoprotein in various malignancies. 7 80


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