Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We previously reported a successful model for treatment of BW 5147 leukemia in AKR mice by adoptive immunotherapy using allogeneic spleen cells from C57BL/6 mice. The leukemia cells were given 3 days before initiation of therapy. Graft-versus-host reaction was prevented by treatment with spleen cells from a second allogeneic strain (CBA), followed by cyclophosphamide and syngeneic spleen cells. We now show that it is not necessary to use syngeneic spleen cells in the final transplant since H-2-compatible, allogeneic CBA cells are as effective. In addition, it is possible to initiate successful therapy 5 days after leukemia implantation providing that the initial cyclophosphamide, given in two doses of 100 mg/kg each and spaced 7 days apart, is administered prior to establishment of graft-versus-host reaction. Higher single doses of drugs were followed by fatal graft-versus-host disease.
Cancer Res 1977 Oct
PMID:Further development of a successful protocol of graft versus leukemia without fatal graft-versus-host disease in AKR mice. 2 Feb 23

Compounds with known psychotropic properties were tested for activity in murine ip L1210 leukemia and B 16 melanoma in a protocol designed to obtain leads for new antitumor agents which might also possess central nervous system (CNS) antitumor properties. Barbiturates and hallucinogenic compounds were the only compound types deliberately excluded. Representatives from most of the other known CNS agent classes were included among the 297 psychotropic drugs evaluated. Sixteen of these agents were reproducibly active against the L1210 tumor system with T/C values of 125%. Phenothiazines such as fluphenazine and butyrophenones such as triperidol were prominent among the confirmed active structural types. Dopamine, a beta-phenethylamine neurotrasmitter, was active. While reproducible B16 melanoma activity was not observed among the psychotropic drugs, most of the L1210 confirmed active agents were effective against the ip P388 tumor model and also were active in vitro against KB cells. Ic L1210 activity was not observed among the few compounds chosen for testing in that tumor system. The yield of ip L1210 confirmed actives from this group of psychotropic agents was 18 times that which would have been expected from the random screening of compounds.
Cancer Treat Rep 1978 Jan
PMID:Psychotropic drugs as potential antitumor agents: a selective screening study. 2 98

Adoptive immunotherapy of a transplantable AKR leukemia (K36) was carried out as an adjunct to cytoxan chemotherapy using normal allogeneic H-2-incompatible spleen cells as well as sensitized H-2-matched allogeneic spleen cells. A significant therapeutic effect was obtained with cytoxan and allogeneic C57BL/6 splenocytes, demonstrating the potential use of the graft-versus-host reaction. Utilizing specific adoptive immunochemotherapy, a maximum effect was found with splenocytes from allogeneic but H-2-compatible CBA/J mice immunized against an allogeneic Gross-virus-induced lymphoma (E female G2). This therapeutic effect was most likely the result of prior sensitization of donor lymphocytes to common virus-associated tumor antigens.
Int J Cancer 1978 Feb 15
PMID:Adoptive immunochemotherapy of a transplantable AKR leukemia (K36). 2 4

Acid and alkaline RNase activities in serum were measured with yeast RNA as the substrate in normal subjects and in leukemic patients pretreatment and posttreatment, and the acid/alkaline ratios of activities were 0.63 +/- 0.08 (S.D.) (N, 12), 2.28 +/- 0.82 (N, 8), and 0.60 +/- 0.13 (N, 9), respectively. The mean value for the ratio in the pretreated leukemia was significantly higher than that in the other 2 groups (p less than 0.01). By separating these acid and alkaline RNases from normal and leukemic sera by phosphocellulose chromatography, it was further confirmed that acid RNase alone increased markedly in leukemic serum. From serum and leukocytes of leukemic patients, acid RNases were purified about 2000-fold and 300-fold, respectively, by phosphocellulose and Sephadex G-75 chromatography. Both enzymes displayed properties nearly identical with those of normal serum and leukocytes, except that leukemic serum acid RNase had about a 2.4-fold greater affinity for polyuridylate than for polycytidylate as substrate, in contrast to normal serum acid RNase that degraded polycytidylate exclusively. On the other hand acid RNases from serum leukocytes of leukemia showed a similar substrate preference. These results suggest that the high RNase levels of leukemic sera are due to an excessive leakage of acid RNase into the blood stream from abnormal leukocytes.
Cancer Res 1978 Jul
PMID:Serum acid ribonuclease in myelogenous leukemia. 2 65

Marrow transplantation enables the physician to ignore the complications of marrow toxicity which limit the chemotherapy of leukemia and makes it possible to explore new drugs and regimens. The results of marrow transplantation for 154 cases of end-stage acute leukemia carried out by the Seattle Marrow Transplant Team are summarized. Even with the use of an HLA matched sibling as a donor, allogeneic marrow transplantation is followed by graft-versus-host disease in about 2/3 of the patients which is of life-threatening severity in approximately 20%. An actuarial plot of the recurrence rate of leukemia following transplantation shows that about 2/3 of the recipients of either allogeneic or syngeneic (identical twin) marrow will relapse within 2 years. However, about 1/3 will not relapse and recurrence of leukemia has not been observed after 2 years. A Kaplan-Meier plot of the survival of 29 syngeneic marrow recipients and 110 recipients of allogeneic marrow shows an almost flat survival curve in the period f om 2 to 7 years after transplantation. The leukemia free survival of these patients on no maintenance chemotherapy constitutes an operational definition of cure in these patients.
Cancer 1978 Aug
PMID:Marrow transplantation for acute leukemia. 2 28

A panel of established cell lines and many primary cell specimens from lymphomas and leukemias as well as from normal lymphatic tissues were tested for tumorigenicity by intracranial heterotransplantation in nude mice. Not only lymphoma and leukemia cell lines, but also lymphoblastoid cell lines, lacking markers of malignancy, were tumorigenic in the brains of nude mice. These findings indicate that tumorigenicity following intracranial heterotransplantation in nude mice cannot be used as proof for the malignant nature of established cell lines. Heterotraplantation of primary cell specimens yielded only a few tumor takes. When primary cells were infected with exogenous Epstein-Barr virus prior to the transplantation procedure, tumorigenicity could be significantly increased. Cytogenetic evaluation of tumors growing after intracranial transplantation of human hematopoietic cells showed, in some cases, a selection of cytogenetically aberrant cell clones.
Int J Cancer 1979 Jun 15
PMID:Intracranial heterotransplantation of human hematopoietic cells in nude mice. 3 11

To see whether urine enzyme activities could be used as an index in evaluating the disease status of leukemia patients, we examined the activities of four enzymes: arylsulfatases A(AS-A) and B(AS-B), alkaline phosphatase (AP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). AP and LDH showed no consistent patterns. The activities of AS-A and AS-B correlated well with the patient's clinical status, increasing during progression of disease and decreasing toward normal activities during responses to therapy, as judged from bone marrow cellularity and differential. Among 23 untreated patients with a histologic diagnosis of acute leukemia we found increased activities of the urine enzymes in these proportions: AS-A in 23 patients (100%), AS-B in 22 (95.7%), AP in 7 (30.4%), and LDH in 10 (43.5%). Five patients in remission from acute leukemia had normal activities for all four enzymes. In one patient in remission for more than one year, a rise in urinary arylsulfatase activity preceded observable bone marrow relapse by 4 months. Unlike that of serum of urine lysozyme and serum copper, the determination of urine arylsulfatase activities appears to be a consistent, useful indicator of response to antileukemic therapy. In contrast to the determination of polyamines, the quantitation of arylsulfatase activity is achieved with greater ease and with instrumentation available in most clinical laboratories.
Cancer 1979 Sep
PMID:A noninvasive technique for monitoring response to chemotherapy in human acute leukemia. 3

In a series of 130 cases of acute leukemia studied by cytochemical staining techniques, 10 cases cytochemically diagnosed as "pure" monocytic leukemia were seen. Cytochemical staining of bone marrow aspirates from these patients revealed all leukemic cells to be Sudan black negative. No positive reactions were observed for peroxidase or naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase. All cases demonstrated strong alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase positivity; and fluoride-inhibited naphthol AS-D acetate esterase positivity was observed in 8 of 9 cases tested. The P.A.S. reaction showed diffuse fine to coarse granules. Oil red O stain was positive in 8 of 9 cases, and the beta-glucuronidase activity was strong in 5 of 9 cases. Light microscopy revealed cells with monocytic or histiocytic morphology. Electron microscopic studies in 2 cases demonstrated features consistent with leukemic monocytic or histiocytic morphology; none was suggestive of granulocytic or lymphocytic leukemia. Five of 6 patients treated with drug regimens including prednisone and vincristine entered a complete remission; the other obtained a partial remission. Two patients achieved complete remission after treatment with Adriamycin, 1 following a relapse. Three patients who received cytosine arabinoside as their only therapy died soon after treatment was commenced. It is suggested that the cytochemical similarity but morphological differences in those patients may be objectively used to group them as cases of histiomonocytic leukemia.
Cancer 1975 Jan
PMID:"Pure" monocytic or histiomonocytic leukemia: a revised concept. 4 89

The autogenous humoral immune response of mice to their endogenous leukemia virus (MuLV) has been examined with respect to the reactivities of natural antibodies to MuLV envelope antigens and virus-induced cells surface antigens. The natural reactivity of MuLV envelope antigens was evaluated by means of a radioimmune precipitation assay of intact and disrupted virus, as well as by virus neutralization tests. The specificity of natural antibody for MuLV envelope antigens was determined by immunoelectron microscopy and radioimmune precipitation. Antibody reactivity to virus-induced cell-surface antigens was evaluated by immunoelectron microscopy and a complement-dependent cytotoxicity test. The strains of mice seleced for study were C57BL/6, C3H/Anf, and the C57BL/6 X C3H/Anf F1 hybrid. Although there were quantitative differences in the antibody levels among these various strains, the naturally recognized antigenic determinants of the virus were consistent, i.e., gp68, gp-43, and p15. High levels of neutralizing antibody against the xenotropic BALB:virus-2 were detected in these various normal sera with the focus reduction assay; however, only marginal levels of neutralizing activity against Moloney leukemia virus were detected with the XC virus assay. No anticellular antibody could be detected in these normal sera with the complement-dependent cytotoxicity assay.
Cancer Res 1975 Jan
PMID:Assessment of reactivities of natural antibodies to endogenous RNA tumor virus envelope antigens and virus-induced cell surface antigens. 4 90

The effect of glucocorticoids on activation and replication of leukemia virus in AKR mouse embryo cells was analyzed. The number of cells detected as positive by fluorescent antibody techniques as well as the virus production in cells chronically producing virus was doubled at optimal concentrations of glucocorticoids. The effect of the hormones in activated cells was found to be not on the process of activation per se but rather on synthesis of the viral components after activation has occurred. Intracellular reverse transcriptase levels were not changed by hormone treatment. The stimulation of virus synthesis by glucocorticoids requires binding of the steroid to a cytoplasmic receptor protein.
Cancer Res 1975 Feb
PMID:Effect of glucocorticoids on activation of leukemia virus in AKR mouse embryo cells. 4 95


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