Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The present paper analysed people in eleven cities making up one sixth of Jiangsu population. In 1984-1986 the mortality of malignant neoplasm was 163.28/10(5), (Chinese standard mortality were 116.57/10(5), the world standard mortality were 177.75/10(5)) which accounts for 25.04% of the total mortality during the same time. The trends of deaths from neoplasms show that oesophageal cancer in both sexes and leukemia in male are gradually decreasing, lung cancer in male and hepatoma in female are gradually increasing. The rank correlation analysis between chinese standard mortalities of some major malignant neoplasms indicates that the stomach cancer was positive correlated with oesophageal cancer in both sexes, the oesophageal cancer in male and the stomach cancer in female were negative correlated with lung cancer, and the breast cancer was negative correlated with oesophageal cancer in female. All this suggests that there may be likely etiologic association between these malignant neoplasms.
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PMID:[The mortality of patients with malignant tumors in eleven cities of Jiangsu Province, 1984-1986]. 186 49

A series of isomeric [1,2-bis(difluorophenyl) ethylenediamine]dichloroplatinum(II) complexes and cisplatin were tested on the P388 leukemia and on the murine hormone-independent MXT (M3.2) OVEX and the ovarian-hormone-dependent MXT (M3.2) mammary carcinoma for evaluating antineoplastic activity against breast cancer in vivo. Although these results were heterogeneous, a trend to the 2,6-difluorosubstituted compound as the most active platinum complex was observed. For the development of a large-scale in vitro screening method on human breast cancer cell lines, cell number, [3H]thymidine incorporation, and crystal violet staining were evaluated as parameters for end-point determination. Chemosensitivity testing on the human breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 unambiguously identified [1,2-bis(2,4-difluorophenyl)ethylenediamine]dichloroplatinum(II) as the complex with the highest activity in the crystal violet micro-assay. In equimolar concentration this compound was superior to cisplatin on both cell lines. The analysis of the conflicting results of this study indicates that murine mammary carcinomas are most probably unrealistic and inappropriate models for the screening of cytotoxic platinum complexes with potential activity on human breast cancer.
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PMID:Different response of murine and human mammary tumour models to a series of diastereoisomeric [1,2-bis(difluorophenyl) ethylenediamine]dichloroplatinum(II) complexes. 189 Jan 39

Vinorelbine is a new 5' nor Vinca alkaloid, active by i.v. route, in various types of cancer disease such as non-small cell lung cancer and advanced breast cancer. In order to evaluate the possibility of using this drug for local treatment of cancer, Vinorelbine-loaded bioresorbable polymeric implants were prepared using a copolymer of D,L-lactic and glycolic acids (PLA 37.5 GA 25). According to the manufacturing process, the 1.2-mm-diameter cylindrical rods obtained had a drug content of 1, 5, or 20% (w/w) and released half of their content within about 6 days in vitro. In vivo release in rats was slower, half of the drug being released after about 14 days. A dose-dependent antitumoral effect was observed in mice (solid P388 leukemia model) when implants were administered into or in contact with the tumor. At highest drug loads and when administered soon after tumor implantation, Vinorelbine implants were more effective than i.v. administration (median survival time of treated animals related to untreated controls, greater than 360 versus 188). In dogs, results of toxicity experiments revealed that administration of implants in vital organs must be avoided. On the contrary, s.c. administration was well tolerated. A transient local necrosis was observed in the days following implantation, but normal skin was recovered after about 10 weeks. Thus, a clinical trial was conducted on patients with head and neck cancer; implantation of 20% loaded polymeric implants into the tumor sites succeeded in 8 of 9 patients. The sole failure was attributed to the unusual hardness of the tumor tissue. Except for a local transient inflammatory reaction (easily treated with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents), no other sign of toxicity was detected, and patients tolerated the device well. Fourteen days after implantation, patients underwent their planned surgery, and the implants were recovered. Residual drug content varied from 24 to 55%. In all cases, there was a clearly delimited necrotic area around the implant, ranging from 0.5 to 3.5 cm in diameter. In the smallest tumors, necrosis was also observed in the normal tissue inside this area. These results invite further studies to evaluate such drug-loaded polymeric implants.
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PMID:Experimental studies and preliminary clinical trial of vinorelbine-loaded polymeric bioresorbable implants for the local treatment of solid tumors. 191 58

Monosomy 7 as the sole cytogenetic abnormality was detected in five of 310 consecutive adult patients with acute leukaemia who were characterized by morphological, immunophenotypic and cytogenetic analyses. Morphologically, blast cells were myelomonocytic (FAB M4) in three and lymphoid (FAB L2) in two patients. By immunophenotyping, two M4 patients expressed terminal transferase (TdT) in 15-90% of myelomonoblasts (patients 3 and 1, respectively), and in the third M4 patient (no. 2), a 10% TdT+ component was present distinct from the bulk of myelomonoblasts. In one L2 patient (no. 4), the blast cells had an undifferentiated phenotype only expressing TdT and HLA-DR but lacking specific lymphoid and myeloid antigens, and patient 5 was typed as CD10+ ALL. Two patients had developed leukaemia following radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy for multiple myeloma or breast cancer. In two patients, induction chemotherapy induced a lineage switch in the immunophenotype without change in karyotype. These observations support the concept that monosomy 7 leukaemia results from the transformation of a multipotential stem cell.
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PMID:Monosomy 7 in multilineage and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. 195 71

1-beta-D-Arabinofuranosylcytosine (Ara-C), an effective drug for the treatment of leukemia and breast cancer, was evaluated for developmental toxicity in pregnant Swiss mice. Ara-C was administered by intraperitoneal injection on gestational days 6-15 at doses of 0, 0.5, 2, and 8 mg/kg/day. Maternal observations included clinical signs, body weight change, food consumption, and gross evaluation of organs and uterine contents at necropsy (day 18). Live fetuses were examined for external, visceral, and skeletal alterations. Maternal toxicity was observed at 2 and 8 mg/kg/day, as evidenced by a significant decrease in body weight gain and food consumption during the treatment period. Significantly increased early and late resorptions and reduced number of live fetuses per liter as well as decreased fetal body weight were observed at 8 mg/kg/day. At 2 mg/kg/day, the incidence of cleft palate, renoureteral agenesis or hypoplasia, and poly- or oligodactyly was significantly increased, whereas fetal weight was reduced at 0.5 mg/kg/day. Thus, the developmental no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) of Ara-C in the pregnant mouse is lower than 0.5 mg/kg/day, while the NOAEL for maternal toxicity is 0.5 mg/kg/day. We believe that exposure to this agent ought to be avoided during organogenesis.
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PMID:Maternal and developmental toxicity of low doses of cytosine arabinoside in mice. 196 85

This paper describes the cellular and tissue distribution of P-glycoprotein (P-GP) (mdr1 gene product), the role of P-GP in vivo and immunodiagnosis of multi-drug-resistant cancers. We mainly used MRK 16 monoclonal antibody (MAb) reactive with P-GP. P-GP was found to be expressed very strongly in the adrenal cortex of adults and strongly in the renal tubules of the kidney, capillary blood vessels of the brain, and also in placenta. Interestingly, P-GP was not distributed in fetal and neonatal adrenals, and thus may be closely related to adrenal maturation. A high level of P-GP expression was also seen in all cases of functional hormone-producing adrenal tumor, one case of insulinoma, two cases of untreated colonic cancer, one case each of untreated lung cancer, gastric cancer and breast cancer, six cases of renal cell carcinoma and 17 cases of bladder cancer. Using flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry, we investigated the reactivity of MRK 16 MAb with peripheral human mononuclear cells (mainly blastic cells and lymphocytes) from 31 patients with leukemia or malignant lymphoma. Reactivity with MRK 16 MAb was observed in five cases. Some cases reflected the prior administration of adriamycin, vincristine and VP-16, which are known to induce P-GP expression. P-GP-MRK 16-protein A-Sepharose complex derived from human adrenal possessed marked ATPase activity. These data suggest that P-GP may play a physiological role in the human adrenal. Finally, diagnostic criteria of multi-drug-resistant cancers are presented.
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PMID:Expression and functions of P-glycoprotein (mdr1 gene product) in normal and malignant tissues. 197 61

Several malignancies have shown a dose-response relationship. The hematopoietic toxicity of dose escalations is often rescued by bone marrow transplantation. Prolonged disease-free survival can now be expected for patients with lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, leukemia and breast cancer when high-dose cytotoxic therapy (high dose CT) is followed by autologous bone marrow transplant (AuBMT). Bone marrow (BM) and/or peripheral blood (PB) can be cryopreserved before high-dose CT and are utilized for stem cells rescue for AuBMT. Clinical trials of patients with lymphoma, leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and breast cancer have proven the importance of timing the induction and high-dose CT, and properly sequenced therapy has resulted in prolonged disease-free survival in these patients. The rationale for high-dose cytotoxic therapy, methods of stem cells cryopreservation, the complications of high-dose CT, and results of treatment for various malignancies are briefly detailed with emphasis on designing future trials. Carefully designed trials have proven the usefulness of AuBMT and offer a promising approach to the future of cancer chemotherapy.
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PMID:Autologous bone marrow transplantation. 200 27

Acute non-lymphatic leukaemia and myelodysplasia occur in a larger percentage of patients treated with dibromodulcitol (DBD) than in patients treated with other cytostatics. Sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) in the lymphocytes in peripheral blood as well as other haematological parameters were measured in women with breast cancer to investigate whether women who had previously been treated with DBD as a part of their treatment regime had an increased frequency of SCE or another haematological abnormality attributable to DBD. SCE levels were elevated in women treated with DBD as well as in those treated with other cytostatics compared to the untreated control group. All other haematological parameters were normal. There was no significant difference in the number of SCEs between the patients who received DBD and those treated with other cytostatics. The increased frequencies of SCE in the treated patients are attributable to various cytostatic agents, and there is no significant permanent increase in the frequency of SCE after exposure to DBD.
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PMID:Sister chromatid exchanges in lymphocyte cultures of patients previously treated with dibromodulcitol. 202 6

The incidence of second malignancies was assessed by retrospectively analyzing data from previous studies in well-defined and closely followed patient cohorts. After a median follow-up of more than 6 years following MOPP (mechlorethamine/vincristine/procarbazine/prednisone) chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy, 5% of patients with Hodgkin's disease developed second primaries, 60% of which were leukemias. Melphalan caused a 3% leukemia rate among 1129 patients with ovarian cancer who were followed for a median period of 4 years. No leukemia was observed among 1132 breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant CMF (cyclophosphamide/methotrexate/5-fluorouracil) after a median follow-up of 7.5 years. Long-term, comprehensive studies are needed to improve the current knowledge and the prognosis of patients with second primary neoplasms.
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PMID:Cytotoxic chemotherapy-induced second primary neoplasms: clinical aspects. 204 74

To investigate whether a history of hematolymphoproliferative cancers (HLP) and other cancers among a parent or sibling is a risk factor for specific subtypes of leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), data from a population-based case-control study, in Iowa and Minnesota, of 578 leukemia cases, 622 NHL cases and 1245 controls were evaluated. Having at least one sibling with HLP significantly increased the risk for all leukemias combined (odds ratio (OR) = 2.3) and for NHL (OR = 2.7). In particular, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) was significantly increased among those reporting a sibling with leukemia (OR = 3.0) or lymphoma (OR = 4.3). Elevated risks of small lymphocytic NHL (SML) (OR = 7.3) and diffuse NHL (DIF) (OR = 5.4) were also observed among subjects who had a sibling with lymphoma (primarily Hodgkin's disease). A significantly increased risk of follicular NHL was noted among those with a sibling history of pancreatic cancer (OR = 4.8) and colorectal cancer (OR = 2.7). Parental history of HLP was not associated with any type of leukemia or NHL. A history of stomach cancer among parents was associated with a 2-fold elevation of CLL and DIF compared to controls. Increased risks of CLL and DIF were also linked to breast cancer among sisters and mothers, respectively. Prostate cancer among fathers increased the risk 2-fold for CLL and 3-fold for SML. This study confirms some familial cancer associations previously reported for leukemia and NHL, and provides new information regarding the various subtypes of leukemia and NHL.
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PMID:Familial cancers associated with subtypes of leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 204 83


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