Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

It was shown by Pincus and Klebanoff that a correlation existed between leukocytic iodination measured in vivo and microbicidal leukocytic activity. We have analyzed the results of this test in relation to time and in the presence of variable quantities of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). The values observed per time and PMN unit proved to be equivalent in the presence of 2.5 X 105 PMN or 5.0 x 105 PMN per 0.5 ml of incubation medium, measured after 10, 20 and 30 minutes or in the presence of 1.0 x 106 PMN, measured after 10 minutes. That is to say iodination is proportional to leukocyte concentration and incubation time. Increase of either the quantity of cells or the incubation time, beyond the area we defined, reduced iodination per cell and per unit of time. Concerning the patients with an insufficient iodination, we have studied 2 parameters in the presence of 5.0 x 105 PMN: 1) initial iodination measured after 10 and 20 minutes and 2) stability of iodination measured after 60 minutes. These two parameters were equally affected in two cases with myelofi-rosis, 3 patients with acquired refractory anaemia, one with chronic lymphoid leukaemia, one with erythroleukaemia, one with hairy cell leukaemia, one with systemic mastocytosis and almost complete myeloperoxidase dificiency, one with sickle cell disease, two with liver diseases and two with chronic myeloid leukaemia. The iodination at the 60th minute was more affected than at the 10th minute with a patient with myelofibrosis and 4 other patients with acquired refractory anaemias. The significance of these differences is not well understood; however the meaning of the decrease in the iodination of whatever type is that a PMN anomaly exists directly related to the myeloperoxidase H2O2 halogenation system, or to one of the stages of engulfment and/or metabolic events preceeding it and leading to the production of H2O2. This test, with the alterations we introduced, is suggested as a test for detection of functional PMN abnormalities.
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PMID:Quantitative iodination of human blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes. 16 86

A study of 3451 cholesterol determinations in different diseases was carried out. The mean cholesterol levels for male and female adults and children with different diseases were compared with values for their healthy counterparts. Sickle cell anemia, leukemia, liver cirrhosis, hepatosplenomegaly, tuberculosis, and diabetic, nutritional, ataxic, and tropical neuropathies in male and female adults were associated with reduced cholesterol level while in children malnutrition and anemia were the main causes of low cholesterol levels. Obesity and hypertension caused an elevated level but the mean values were within the range for adult Nigerians in the high income group. Only nephrotic syndrome in both adult and children was associated with a markedly increased cholesterol level in Nigerians of low income status.
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PMID:Serum cholesterol and diseases in Nigerians. 50 76

Nine cases have been presented in detail to illustrate some of the varied causes of sudden neurological deficit in childhood: arteriovenous malformation, cryptic hamartoma, berry aneurysm, mycotic aneurysm, intraspinal arteriovenous malformation, brain tumor, migraine, arteritis, and multiple sclerosis. The Boston Children's Hospital experience with aneurysms and intracranial arteriovenous malformation has been summarized. It is noteworthy that a cutaneous hemangioma overlay one cranial and one intraspinal arteriovenous malformation. One small but deep cerebral arteriovenous malformation apparently destroyed itself after its second hemorrhage. Not only have multiple sclerosis and a brain tumor mimicked a vascular lesion, but a series of vascular accidents was misdiagnosed first as multiple sclerosis then as a thalamic tumor. The many possible causes of childhood strokes has been thoroughly cataloged in the Report of the Joint Committee for Stroke Facilities in 1973 (11). Children may be more susceptible to strokes because of congenital abnormalities such as congenital heart disease, hemophilia, and sickle cell anemia, or by diseases which more commonly occur in this age group, such as leukemia. The likelihood of brain abscess in cyanotic congenital heart disease is stressed. Arteriographic studies in our series have been safe; however, there have been reports of probable worsening of symptoms in children with multiple cerebral occlusive lesions in the presence of homocystinuria.
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PMID:Strokes in children. 98 45

Of 25 patients with chronic leukemia, there was clinical evidence of peripheral retinal microaneurysm formation in two of eight patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and six of 17 patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia. There was no proliferative retinopathy in any of the 25 patients. An elevated leukocyte count seemed necessary for microaneurysm formation in leukemia, although some patients with elevated counts had no microaneurysms. The prolonged leukocytosis of chronic leukemia can produce peripheral capillary dropout, vascular stagnation, microaneurysm formation, and, rarely, peripheral proliferative retinopathy similar to sickle cell disease.
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PMID:Peripheral retinal microaneurysms in chronic leukemia. 105 77

Priapism can occur when pathologic stimuli (e.g. lesions of the cervical spinal cord) cause prolonged erection, and when normal stimuli under pathologic circumstances (e.g. sickle cell disease, leukemia) produce prolonged erection. As any priapism eventually leads to permanent impotentia coeundi, immediate therapy is absolutely indicated. All unspecific procedures are useless and merely waste time. The priapism in connection with hematologic diseases must be countered by conservative specific therapy (sickle cell disease by blood transfusions; leukemias by cytostatic drugs). All other forms of priapism must be treated by surgery as soon as possible. The operation of choice today perineal bilateral shunt between the corpus cavernosum and the corpus spongiosum
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PMID:[Priapism--pathogenesis and therapy]. 109 40

Discovery of an enlarged spleen in a child requires steps to identify the etiology. One hundred and seventy-eight patients seen over a four-year period (1985-1988) at the Cocody Teaching Hospital were reviewed. The incidence of splenic enlargement among pediatric inpatients was 1.6%. Males (n = 106) were more often affected than females (n = 72). Slightly over half the children (54.49%) were 0 to 5 years of age. The main clinical presenting features were fever (90%), anemia (72%), a decline in general health (36.50%), enlargement of the liver (33.50%), jaundice (26.50%), and enlarged lymph nodes (7%). Type II of Hackett's classification accounted for most cases (61.80%), followed by Type III (14%). Main etiologies included malaria (53%), salmonella infections (15%), sickle cell anemia (14%), schistosomiasis (9%), AIDS (3%), and thalassemia (2%). Malignancies (leukemia, lymphoma) were relatively infrequent. More than one etiology was found in 13 cases. The distribution of etiologies by age group was determined and a strategy for investigating children with splenic enlargement in tropical countries was developed.
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PMID:[Etiology of splenomegaly in children in the tropics. 178 cases reviewed at the university hospital center of Abidjan-Cocody (Ivory Coast)]. 131 90

The authors report on a 24-year old patient with Blackfan-Diamond syndrome who developed a Hodgkin's disease. This patient became transfusion-dependent at the age of 10, after an initial period of corticosensitivity, and after failure of androgens. He developed hemochromatosis despite from parenteral chelation therapy. He died of infectious complications 4 months after the diagnosis of Hodgkin's lymphoma. A review of the literature shows an increased incidence of malignancies in Blackfan-Diamond syndrome (three cases of leukemia), and in similar disease (thalassemia and sickle cell disease), but not in other patients with hemosiderosis (primitive hemochromatosis, end-stage renal failure under dialysis). Etiopathogenic hypotheses are discussed.
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PMID:[Blackfan-Diamond disease and malignancy: cause effect relationships?]. 133 66

We have compared the sequence of the 5' hypersensitive site-2 (5'-HS-2) of the locus control region (LCR) from a sickle cell anemia (SS) patient homozygous for haplotype 19 and with low levels of fetal hemoglobin (HbF), with the same sequence from an SS patient homozygous for haplotype 3 and with high levels of HbF. Several nucleotide variations were present in the 5'HS-2 of the haplotype 19 individual. One is the A----G at position -10905 that creates an Sp1 binding site GCCCC (A----G)CCCC. A second is the T----G at position -10924 in a sequence that binds both erythroid and ubiquitous factors and exhibits high homology to the long terminal repeat of the Moloney leukemia viruses and Friend murine leukemia virus. Other differences were in the two AT-rich stretches of DNA, and an A----T substitution at position -10390. Dot-blot analyses of amplified DNA from several SS patients showed that these variations are specific for beta S chromosomes with haplotype 19. We also examined the 5'HS-2 sequence from an SS patient who is homozygous for haplotype 19, but has abnormally high levels of HbF (greater than 20%). We observed a cross-over that has placed sequences similar to the 5'HS-2 of haplotype 3 in juxtaposition to the 5' flanking regions of haplotype 19. Thus, a beta S chromosome with haplotype 19 but having a 5'HS-2 (LCR) characteristic for haplotype 3 is associated with high gamma-chain expression. We postulate that factors produced under conditions of hematopoietic stress, together with genetic determinants on the haplotype 3-like LCR sequences, allow for high level expression of gamma-globin genes.
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PMID:Sequence variations in the 5' hypersensitive site-2 of the locus control region of beta S chromosomes are associated with different levels of fetal globin in hemoglobin S homozygotes. 137 Jun 46

Priapism may be primary (idiopathic) or secondary to sickle cell anemia, trauma, leukemia, drugs, venous thromboembolic diseases, and other less common disorders. This study concerns 21 patients with priapism treated during a period of ten years. Nine patients (43%) had sickle cell anemia. Of the 12 individuals (57%) classified as idiopathic, 3 (25%) had previously undergone surgical splenectomy for benign conditions. Considering the propensity for this unusual condition to develop in patients with hemoglobinopathy-induced hyposplenism, the possibility of a relationship between the asplenic state and priapism is considered.
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PMID:Priapism associated with asplenic state. 141 61

Between 1985 and 1989, eight children underwent two successive bone marrow transplantations. The initial disease was chronic myelomonocytic leukemia in three patients, chronic myelocytic leukemia in two, acute M7 nonlymphoblastic leukemia in one, sickle cell anemia in one, and thalassemia major in one. The preparation in view of the second grafting included high-dose chemotherapy in all patients, associated with antithymocytic globulin transfusion and total nodal irradiation in three patients. Hematological recovery was similar after both graftings. Infectious complications were not more common following the second graft than after the first one. On the other hand, the rates of rejection and graft-versus-host disease were lower, probably due to a more intensive immunosuppressive therapy. The prognosis of chronic leukemia relapsing after a first graft does not seem to be improved by a second attempt.
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PMID:Second bone marrow transplantation in eight children. 146 68


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