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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cell surface markers of 21 cases of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) were studied with various surface markers, especially by using anti-human B lymphocyte serum (ABS), anti-human thymocyte serum (ATS-T) and anti-human peripheral T lymphocyte serum (ALS-T) which were rendered specific for human B lymphocytes, human thymocytes and human peripheral T lymphocytes. The proportion of cell types in ALL was null cell leukemia 38%, B cell leukemia 38% and T cell leukemia 24%, respectively. T-ALL cells were reactive to ATS-T but not to ALS-T, a fact which suggests their thymic origin. It should be noted that these anti-lymphocyte sera detected T or B marker antigens, even when other markers showed negative. Twelve patients with ALL were also investigated from their clinical pictures. Patients with B cell leukemia had severe signs of anemia and a higher grade of hepato-splenomegalies than other types in ALL. Patients with T cell leukemia were in older age levels and had a poorer prognosis.
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PMID:A study of surface markers in acute lymphocytic leukemia by using anti-T and anti-B lymphocyte sera. 31 Mar 35

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is an invaluable tool for studying the surface morphology of isolated blood cells. We have used a simple preparative technique for SEM to study the erythrocytes from a case of Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anaemia type II and the leucocytes from healthy individuals or patients with leukaemia or lymphoma. This rapid and inexpensive technique for fixation and dehydration of blood cells was found to be equally reliable for obtaining micrographs of healthy or diseased leucocytes or erythrocytes.
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PMID:Scanning electron microscopy of blood cells. 31 84

The increased incidence of leukemia in patients with trisomy 21 is well established. A blood disorder which may be mistaken for acute leukemia may occur in infants with trisomy 21. The authors report a newborn with trisomy 21 and hematologic findings suggesting acute leukemia (hyperleukocytosis, anemia, thrombocytopenia; replacement of bone marrow by blast-like cells). Without treatment spontaneous and complete recovery occurred. Cytochemistry and therapy are discussed in this paper.
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PMID:["Pseudoleukemia" in a newborn infant with trisomy 21]. 32 1

B- and T-cell surface markers were determined in 26 adult patients with lymphoproliferative malignancies who had bone marrow and blood involvement. The patients in whom more than 60% of the abnormal cells were immunoglobulin-bearing cells were considered to have B-cell lymphoproliferative malignancy. The diagnosis of a T-cell disorder was made in those patients in whom more than 70% of the cells formed E rosettes (T cells). Those patients in whom 30% and more of the abnormal cells did not show B- and T-cell surface markers were regarded as suffering from "null" cell disorder. The B-cell type of lymphoproliferative malignancy was the most commonly encountered (63%) with an equal male to female ratio. In addition, 4 male patients with "hairy-cell" leukaemia were shown to have a B-cell disorder. T-cell disorders were found in 3 male patients; 1 patient had acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and in the other 2 the histopathological diagnosis was well-differentiated lymphoma and Sternberg sarcoma. Four patients with "null" cell lymphoma were found, the histopathological diagnoses in all were poorly-differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma, and 3 of the 4 patients were males. Further haematological investigations of the B-cell and the non-B-cell disorders showed that although the bone marrow was equally extensively infiltrated in both groups, the non-B-cell disroders were more commonly associated with complications of anemia and thrombocytopenia. It is therefore postulated that the abnormal lymphoid cell involved in B-cell disorders is an end-stage cell and not the haemopoietic stem cell.
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PMID:B- and T-cell markers in lymphoproliferative disorders with blood and bone marrow involvement. 35 21

The syndrome of paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria is a stem cell disorder characterized by the production of abnormal cells in all three lines of the peripheral blood. These cells react abnormally with the activated components of complement, resulting in the clinical symptoms. The clone of stem cells characteristic of paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria may arise spontaneously without demonstrable abnormalities of the other stem cells of the bone marrow. On the other hand, the abnormal stem cells of paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria may arise as part of a prior stem cell disorder. This is especially true for aplastic anaemia. The paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria stem cell may arise at any time during the evolution from aplasia through recovery and may disappear during full recovery of the bone marrow. The paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria stem cell may arise less commonly in other disorders of the stem cell, such as refractory anaemia with excess blasts, erythroleukaemia and myelofibrosis. As with all disorders of the stem cells, paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria and aplastic anaemia may eventuate into acute leukaemia.
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PMID:Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria in aplastic anaemia. 36 27

An unusual case of chronic myelogeous leukemia (CML) is reported which was characterized by leukocytosis without a shift to the left, elevated leukocyte alkaline phosphatase, positive indirect Coombs' test, anemia and thrombocytosis, as well as the absence of hepatosplenomegaly. The diagnosis of CML was ascertained by the presence of Philadelphia chromosome with translocation of its deleted arms on the short arms on the short arms of a chromosome No. 6. The possible relationship between the chromosomal aberration and the unusual hematological and clinical features of this case is discussed.
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PMID:Chronic myelogenous leukemia with elevated leukocyte alkaline phosphatase, positive indirect Coombs' test, neutrophilic leukocytosis and unusual cytogenetical findings. 40 33

A high level of fetal hemoglobin was found in an 8-yr-old boy without any hematologic disorders except for a moderate anemia. The absence of hemoglobin abnormalities in the parents led us to suspect a latent malignant disease that, on follow-up, was confirmed to be myelomonocytic leukemia. Hemoglobin biosynthetic studies provided evidence of unbalanced synthesis of globin subunits by reticulocytes, while the production of non-alpha chains was equal to that of alpha chains in bone marrow cells. The expression of red cell antigen i was increased, while those of I, A, and A1 antigens were found to decrease progressively. Two populations of erythrocytes, A-positive and A-negative, were distinguished and could be separated by differential agglutination. Unbalanced globin chain synthesis, increased fetal hemoglobin, and antigenic changes of the membrane were shown to be restricted to the A-negative population. The biologic data were not entirely consistent with a genuine reversion to fetal erythropoiesis. The question remains of a polychromosomal lesion of either quiescent F cells or adult stem cells.
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PMID:An unusual case of leukemia with high fetal hemoglobin: demonstration of abnormal hemoglobin synthesis localized in a red cell clone. 40 93

Statistical analysis of 361 cases of primary leukemia induced in outbred Long-Evans and Sprague-Dawley rats by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) and 7,8,12-trimethylbenz[a]anthracene (TMBA) showed that the incidence of trisomy of chromosome No. 2 was significantly lower with TMBA (17.8%) than with DMBA (29.3%). This tendency was reproducible in both sexes. Another characteristic chromosome abnormality, long No. 2, was found in 10 cases (2.8%). Quinacrine fluorescence analysis revealed that cells with No. 2 trisomy or either of two types of long No. 2 had total and partial No. 2 trisomy, respectively. Other chromosome members of cells with long No. 2, as well as the chromosomes of cells with typical No. 2 trisomy and "normal diploid" leukemia cells, revealed no band abnormality. The phenotype of No. 2 trisomy, severe anemia of the hosts reported in DMBA-induced leukemias, was also noted in leukemias with TMBA-induced No. 2 trisomy but not in leukemias with long No. 2.
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PMID:Reproducible chromosome changes of polycyclic hydrocarbon-induced rat leukemia: incidence and chromosome banding pattern. 41 46

Leukemic reticuloendotheliosis, or "hairy cell leukemia," is a neoplasm of the reticuloendothelial system. It is characterized by the presence of many "hairy cells" in blood, marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen; by anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and often, by massive splenomegaly. Three such patients with spontaneous rupture and one patient with multiple infarctions of the spleen all had spleens which were large, congested, and diffusely infiltrated by "hairy cells." The lacerations in all three ruptured spleens were located in areas of extensive infarction. Indications for splenectomy in this disease include hypersplenism, severe cytopenia, hemodilution, splenomegaly with severe pressure symptoms, massive splenomegaly, rupture, or infarction.
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PMID:Spontaneous rupture of spleen in leukemic reticuloendotheliosis. 42 89

Glomerulonephritis constitutes an important category of renal diseases in animals and has been recognized with increasing frequency in the last decade. We report here the comparative morphologic aspects of glomerulonephritis as a naturally occurring disease of animals. We briefly review the immunopathogenesis of glomerulonephritis. The morphology of renal lesions occurring in glomerulonephritis in dogs, cats, cattle, sheep, horses and swine has been reviewed with emphasis on the range and specificity of various glomerular lesions and on the comparison of lesions between various species. A distinction was made between glomerulonephritis as a primary disease entity and glomerulonephritis associated with other disease processes. Primary idiopathic glomerulonephritis occurred in all species but was most commonly recognized as a clinically important disease in dogs and cats. Glomerulonephritis also occurred in association with other diseases such as equine infectious anemia, chronic hog cholera, canine pyometra, dirofilariasis, feline leukemia virus infection and canine systemic lupus erythematosus.
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PMID:Comparative pathology of glomerulonephritis in animals. 44 47


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