Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Relations between clinical course and change in aldolase (ALD) isoenzyme pattern were investigated on the peripheral and bone marrow blood of normal subjects and patients suffering from leukemia, multiple myeloma, hypoplastic anemia and other hematological disorders. Similar examination was performed on human leukemia cells and on sera and leukocytes from Donryu rats inoculated with rat leukemia cells (DBLA-6), induced by NBU. In addition to the enzyme activity, isoenzyme pattern was analyzed electrophoretically. The results obtained were as follows: 1) FDP/F1P ratios of the peripheral and marrow blood were high in untreated leukemia. After the induction therapy, the ratio in the marrow blood was high, but decreased in peripheral blood. 2) In complete remission, both ratios were decreased to normal level. 3) In the early relapse of leukemia, the marrow blood showed a high ratio in spite of normal value in the peripheral blood. During full relapse or reinduction therapy, FDP/F1P ratio remained high in both the peripheral and marrow blood. 4) Atypical hypoplastic leukemia showed a significantly high ratio in the marrow, but a low ratio in the periphery. No difference in either ratio was detected between hypoplastic anemia and normal subjects. 5) Zymogram of leukemia cells from leukemia patients showed that ALD-A was predominant more clearly than in normal leukocytes. ALD in normal leukocytes was composed mainly of ALD-A and its hybrids with ALD-B and ALD-C. 6) The ratio in sera and leukocytes from rats inoculated with DBLA-6 cells was increased with exacerbation of leukemia. ALD-A was predominant in rat leukemia cells on the zymogram. It is concluded that aldolase isoenzymes, especially the FDP/F1P ratio, are useful in estimating clinical course of leukemia, particularly in deciding early relapse of leukemia in bone marrow. These laboratory findings are also useful in differentiating atypical leukemia from hypoplastic anemia.
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PMID:[Clinical and experimental studies on aldolase and its isoenzymes in leukemia and allied hematological disorders (author's transl)]. 29 6

In order to define a specific acceleration of fibrinolytic activity in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), we determined fibrinolytic factors in APL and acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML). An increase in plasma levels of D-dimer was observed in both APL and AML, indicating that there is an acceleration of fibrinolysis in both types of leukemia. The levels of D-dimer/FDP ratio were significantly lower in APL than AML. These findings suggest that fibrinogenolytic activities were higher in APL that in AML. The relationship between the plasma levels of plasmin alpha 2PI complex (PIC) and FDP was investigated to study whether fibrinolysis was induced by plasmin. PIC levels were linearly correlated with FDP levels in AML, while in APL there was no close correlation between the plasma levels of PIC and FDP. Then, we measured PMN elastase-alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor complex (E-alpha 1 PI). There was a correlation between the plasma levels of E-alpha 1PI and FDP in APL but not in AML. Furthermore, PMN elastase activity was detected in leukemic cell lysate in patients with APL but not in AML. These findings suggest that PMN elastase may be an important factor in the induction of fibrinolysis in APL.
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PMID:[Role of PMN elastase in fibrinolytic activity in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia]. 224 16

A case was reported in which the patient, whose leukemic cells were not found in the peripheral blood, died several days after the onset of cerebral sinus thrombosis, and after the autopsy acute leukemia was diagnosed. The patient, a 68-year-old female, was admitted with clouding of the consciousness. In the initial examination, she was semicomatose, pendulum-like movement was seen in the eyeballs, and hemorrhagic maculae on the trunk and extremities. Among the laboratory findings, WBC was 8, 100 (B 1, St 6, S 77, L 14, Mon 2), RBC 375 x 10(4), Hb 12.5, Ht 37, PLT 3.5 x 10(4), PT 15.6, PTT 68, Fib 158, FDP 10 and AT-III 75. In contrast enhanced CT, an empty triangular sign was observed. On the third hospital day, the patient died of a cerebral hernia. On autopsy, thrombosis was found in the bilateral sigmoid sinus. In the cerebral tissue, congestion was throughout the brain, and many leukemic cells were seen in the dilated blood vessels, but there was no infiltration into the parenchyma. The bone marrow, hypercellular, showed many intermediate type and blastic myeloid cells. The main neurological complications of leukemia are leukemic infiltration and intracranial hemorrhages. Capillary obstructions associated with the disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) syndrome are rarely experienced, but obstructions of thick arteries or thick veins such as venous sinuses are seldom seen in general, and most reports of such cases were those resulting from chemotherapy after making a diagnosis of acute leukemia. In the literature, there have been only two reports in our literature.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[A case report of acute leukemia following the onset of cerebral sinus thrombosis]. 228 78

The fibrinolytic system was studied in 46 patients with acute leukaemia at diagnosis. Untreated patients (with the sole exception of the M3 subgroup) showed an inhibition of fibrinolytic activity, measured by the euglobulin lysis time and area. This inhibition was accompanied by reduced t-PA antigen and t-PA inhibitor activity. No correlation was found between the above-mentioned fibrinolytic parameters and the biochemical haematological values considered, nor with clinical and/or laboratory features of DIC, fever, liver failure. The decrease in immunological plasminogen and functional alpha 2-antiplasmin, showed a significant correlation with the presence of clinical and/or laboratory signs of DIC, as diagnosed on the basis of concomitant increase in fibrin monomers, plasmatic fibrinopeptide A and serum FDP.
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PMID:Depressed fibrinolysis in patients with acute leukaemia. 244 34

We report here a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in whom hypofibrinogenemia developed during chemotherapy. The patient was a 65-year-old female who was diagnosed as having common ALL, and she was treated with BHAC-DMPV (enocitabine: 160 mg, daunorubicin : 40 mg, 6-MP: 35 mg, prednisolone (PSL): 60 mg, and vincristine: 2 mg). Hypofibrinogenemia appeared promptly each chemotherapy, including PSL was given. To ascertain a correlation between hypofibrinogenemia and the drugs given in this patient, a trial administration of PSL was attempted during a complete remission state. The level of fibrinogen, in terms of the amount of antigen or coagulability, decreased during PSL treatment, although the levels of AT III, plasminogen, alpha 2PI.Plm complex, and FDP did not change. Thus, it is difficult to speculate that PSL induced destruction of leukemia cells and release of protease from the cells resulting in fibrinolysis and hypofibrinogenemia in this case. These findings also suggest that the administration of only PSL could induce hypofibrinogenemia.
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PMID:[Transient hypofibrinogenemia induced by prednisolone in a case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia]. 268 81

Fibrinopeptide A (FPA) was systematically investigated in 74 patients with acute leukaemia at different stages of the disease (50 with non-lymphocytic leukaemia, ANLL; 24 with lymphocytic leukaemia, ALL). At diagnosis, 75% of the cases had high FPA levels (86% in ANLL and 54% in ALL) with significantly higher levels in ANLL than in ALL (13.4 vs 4.4 ng/ml; p less than 0.001). Patients with DIC (20 cases in ANLL and 1 case in ALL) had significantly higher levels (p less than 0.001). FPA levels were neither correlated with fibrinogen or FDP levels nor with blast cell count. During chemotherapy, median FPA did not show significant changes whereas, at the end of therapy, a return toward normality was generally observed both in ALL and ANLL apart from the group of patients with acute promyelocytic leukaemia. Among the 24 patients who entered post-remission follow-up (13 ANLL and 11 ALL), 10 cases out of the 11 relapsing (6/6 with ANLL and 4/5 with ALL) had increased FPA 1 to 2 months before the ascertainment of the relapse. However, 16% and 9% of the samples obtained on different occasions, respectively from ANLL and ALL cases in maintained first remission, showed FPA above the normal limit. This study demonstrates that subclinical activation of blood coagulation, as indicated by high FPA level, is common both in lymphocytic and non-lymphocytic leukemia and suggests that this phenomenon is related to disease activity.
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PMID:Clinical significance of fibrinopeptide A in acute lymphocytic and non-lymphocytic leukaemia. 276 77

We reported a rare case of triple cancers with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) associated with disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC) after the operations of colon cancer and primary lung cancer. A 78-year-old Japanese male, who had been operated upon for colon cancer (adenocarcinoma) on March 1981, metastatic brain tumor (adenocarcinoma) on December 1986, and primary lung cancer (squamous cell carcinoma) on February 1987, was admitted to our hospital because of severe general malaise on December 6 1987. On admission, he had mild hepatosplenomegaly and hemorrhage diathesis such as purpura. Serum LDH increased to 2,515 mU/ml. The white blood cell count was 6,210/microliters with 53% leukemia cells, and the platelet count was 12,000/microliters. A bone marrow was infiltrated with 96.0% leukemia cells. The leukemia cells stained positively for PAS and negatively for peroxidase. Immunological examination of leukemia cells showed that HLA-DR, TdT, B1 and J5 were positive and cytoplasmic Igmu and surface Ig were negative, indicating common ALL. The coagulation studies revealed that the activated partial thromboplastin time was prolonged to 42.0 seconds, FDP increased to 79.9 micrograms/ml, and antithrombin-III decreased to 62%. Chromosome analysis showed a 48, XY, +2, +21q-, t(9;22) karyotype. He was diagnosed as having Ph1 positive ALL associated with DIC. He was treated with vindesine, prednisolone, L-asparaginase, and adriamycin and complete remission (CR) was achieved after two months. But on August 1988, 8 months after CR, ALL and brain tumor relapsed and he died of pneumonia on September 19, 1988.
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PMID:[Ph1 positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia with DIC after operation of colon and lung cancer]. 281 Jul 93

Factors of coagulation and fibrinolysis have been evaluated in 15 patients with untreated acute nonlymphoblastic leukaemia (ANLL). 10 patients had major bleeding (MB) and 6 had laboratory signs of DIC. 5 patients went into complete remission (CR). Antithrombin III (AT III) was decreased in 7 patients, antiplasmin (AP) in 9, fibronectin (FN) in 6 and factor XIII in 4/12. The ratio between factor VIIIR:Ag and factor VIII:C was over 2.0 in 11 patients, and high values were especially seen in patients with MB and patients with DIC. Spontaneous proteolytic activity, measured with S-2288 was increased in 3 patients who all had MB, and none of whom achieved CR. 2 patients with promyelocytic leukaemia (M3) had low fibrinogen and AP, high FDP and normal AT III, speaking for primary fibrinolysis, which in addition to proteolytic enzymes in the blast cells are important contributing factors regarding MB in ANLL.
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PMID:Factors and inhibitors of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in acute nonlymphoblastic leukaemia. 385 83

The procoagulant cellular activity (PCA) of intact and lysed leukaemic cells was evaluated at diagnosis in 23 patients with acute non-lymphoid leukaemia (ANLL). The leukaemic cells of all 13 patients having DIC feature (excess of fibrin monomers, serum FDP and plasma fibrino-peptide A) showed a significant (P less than 0.0001) increase of PCA, while a pattern similar to that of normal granulocytes and lymphomonocytes was observed in the remaining 10 patients without evidence of DIC. When the patients were subdivided according to the FAB cytological classification, features of DIC and increased PCA were demonstrated in 3/3 M3 patients, 5/6 M5 patients and only in 5/14 remaining patients. These findings indicate that in ANLL patients: (1) the increased PCA of leukaemic cells is closely related to the occurrence of DIC; (2) the increased PCA seems related to the differentiation line and maturation level of the leukaemic cells.
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PMID:Procoagulant cellular activity and disseminated intravascular coagulation in acute non-lymphoid leukaemia. 397 70

Three cases of acute non-promyelocytic leukemia complicated with intravascular coagulation and fibrinolysis syndrome were described. The blood clotting system and fibrinolysis studies in all 3 cases revealed a significant increase of FDP level and shortening of fibrinolysis time as well as a decrease of fibrinogen content in 2 cases. In one patient the recovery from ICF syndrome and complete acute leukemia remission of 8 months duration was obtained. The further 2 cases failed to improve: in one of them the ICF syndrome appeared in relapse of acute myelocytic leukemia after 2 years of its duration and in the remaining one acute undifferentiated cell leukemia of fulminating course developed in the patient suffering from bone marrow aplasia.
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PMID:Intravascular coagulation and fibrinolysis syndrome (ICF) in acute non-promyelocytic leukemia. 615 26


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