Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023380 (lethargy)
 5,697 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 14-year-old boy with mild mental retardation and behavioral features suggestive of the so called Asperger's syndrome is described. From the age of 8 years he has had recurrent episodes of lethargy. At the onset of puberty these episodes took on a more dramatic form and became more reminiscent of cycloid/manic-depressive psychosis. There is a family history of manic-depressive disorder. Neurobiological links with and differences from the syndrome of infantile autism were found. It is suggested that there is still too little evidence clearly to single out the entity of Asperger's syndrome from the spectrum of autistic syndromes.
J Autism Dev Disord 1985 Dec
PMID:Asperger's syndrome and recurrent psychosis--a case study. 407 13

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disease of unknown etiology characterized by non-caseating granulomatous inflammation of various organs, but most frequently involving the lungs of young adults. Sarcoidosis is rare in the pediatric age group, however numerous extensive reviews have been published. The most commonly seen initial manifestations in childhood are non-specific constitutional symptoms such as lethargy, fatigue and malaise, followed by cough, dyspnea, fever, weight loss, and lymphadenopathy in order of decreasing frequency. The diagnosis is one of exclusion and is established when clinical and radiological findings are supported by histological evidence of widespread non-caseating epithelial cell granulomas in more than one organ, or a positive Kveim test. Laryngeal involvement is usually part of the systemic disease, but isolated laryngeal sarcoidosis has been reported in adults. We report here a case of isolated laryngeal sarcoidosis in a 13 year old girl. The differential diagnosis and management are discussed.
J Otolaryngol 1985 Dec
PMID:Sarcoidosis of the larynx in a child. 407 58

Ozone, a lower-airway irritant, produces fatigue, lethargy, and increased respiratory rates in several species, including man. Ammonia, an upper-airway irritant, produces burning of the eyes, nose, and throat, and a decrease in respiratory rate. The effects of exposure to these two prototypical irritants were examined to see if behavioral changes during and after exposure occurred at concentrations comparable to those that produce symptoms in humans. Long-Evans rats and Swiss mice, individually housed in running wheels, were exposed either to ozone (0.08, 0.12, 0.25, or 0.5 ppm) or to ammonia (100 or 300 ppm) for 6 hr. Each animal's behavior was compared with its own control performance. Running in both species decreased in a concentration-related manner during exposure to either irritant. The decrease in running activity produced by high concentrations of ozone persisted for several hours after exposure. Concentrations of ammonia that eliminated running during exposure led to an increase in activity following exposure. At comparable concentrations of both compounds, activity in rats decreased more than in mice.
Fundam Appl Toxicol 1985 Dec
PMID:Alterations in behavior produced by inhaled ozone or ammonia. 409 73

A study of the effects of 4 milk preparations on the early growth of low birth-weight newborns in Ceylon is reported. The following parameters were studied: mortality; weight gain; tolerance, as indicated by the incidence of diarrhea and the presence of sugar in the stools; blood glucose levels; and blood urea and serum sodium levels. A powdered and partially skimmed cow's milk, Nestogen, was used as it is available in the government hospitals throughout the island. 2 strengths constituted Formulas 1 and 2, and by addition of sucrose to the latter, a 3rd of higher calorie value was prepared. The 4th formula was breast milk. The study population from 3 nurseries consisted of 112 babies between 1250 and 2057 grams birth-weight, those of lighter weight being excluded as many required intravenous therapy initially. Weights were checked daily, and as soon as babies were able to suck adequately, they were allowed home. Mean blood glucose levels were within the normal range in babies appropriate and small for gestational age on all 4 milks. There was a high incidence of diarrhea among babies on all 3 Nestogen formulas. On Formulas 1 and 2, diarrhea occurred between the 4th and 12th day, and, in all cases, preceded weight loss and dehydration. Babies with diarrhea on Formula 3 showed symptoms between the 3rd and 5th days, and in each case lethargy, weight loss, dehydration, and in some, fever, were followed by diarrhea. Blood urea nitrogen levels increased with the protein content of the diet and may have reflected a diminished extra cellular fluid volume due to extra renal fluid losses. Mortality rates were similar in the Nestogen fed babies; no breast fed babies died. In sum, the comparison showed breast milk to be overall superior for those who could suck. A higher protein feed was associated with more rapid weight gain but addition of sucrose produced intolerance. Higher strengths of Nestogen which obligate greater urinary fluid are probably unsafe in a hot climate which induces considerable insensible losses of water.
J Trop Pediatr Environ Child Health 1974 Dec
PMID:Feeding studies in Ceylonese babies. 449 4

A transient cerebral disturbance characterized by somnolence of varying degree is described in children after cranial irradiation given as part of central nervous system (C.N.S.) prophylaxis for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in remission.Out of 28 such children receiving cranial irradiation as part of the Medical Research Council protocol for C.N.S. prophylaxis 11 (39%) developed pronounced symptoms of somnolence, anorexia, and lethargy some six weeks after the completion of cranial irradiation, and a further 11 (39%) developed these features in mild form. In all cases the symptoms were transient, no focal neurological abnormality was detected, and all children made a spontaneous and complete recovery. E.E.G. studies on five somnolent children showed similar abnormal activity of diffuse and patchy distribution over both hemispheres. Indirect evidence is presented to support the concept that this syndrome represents a transient radiation encephalopathy, analogous to acute transient radiation myelopathy, caused by temporary disturbance of myelin synthesis.
Br Med J 1973 Dec 01
PMID:Somnolence after prophylactic cranial irradiation in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. 451 11

1. 6-Hydroxydopamine (200 mug injected intraventricularly) caused depletion of noradrenaline from all regions of rat brain within 2 h after injection but depletion of dopamine in the brain was observed only from 2 days after injection. Both catecholamines remained depleted for more than 32 days.2. Rats treated with intraventricular 6-hydroxydopamine were sedated and lethargic, with reduced spontaneous and exploratory activity, for periods of up to 8 days after injection. Conditioned avoidance responding was abolished or reduced for a similar period.3. Intraventricular 6-hydroxydopamine caused a prolonged reduction in the amount of labelled catecholamines in store 4 h following an intraventricular injection of (3)H-dopamine. During the first 6 h after 6-hydroxydopamine injection, there was a marked increase in neutral and acid metabolites from the labelled catecholamines.4. A comparison of the behavioural and biochemical effects of intraventricular 6-hydroxydopamine and reserpine suggests that both drugs affect catecholamine storage mechanisms but by different mechanisms. It was not possible from these experiments to correlate behavioural changes with either catecholamine storage or metabolism.
Br J Pharmacol 1970 Dec
PMID:Effects of intraventricular 2,4,5-trihydroxyphenylethylamine (6-hydroxydopamine) on rat behaviour and brain catecholamine metabolism. 549 79

There are grounds to expect behavioral and emotional changes during use of oral contraceptives, in the known frequency of premenstrual, postpartum and menopausal psychoses. A review of 11 studies on the effect of the pill on psychiatric symptoms yielded a low but definite incidence of adverse reactions, notably depression and other mood and behavior changes, but generally an improvement, particularly for patients with premenstrual exacerbation of their psychosis. In case reports, 4 women have suffered psychotic episodes on withdrawal from the pill and 3 have become psychotic on starting oral contraception. The author interviewed and tested 50 women in one study: 28 reported adverse effects, usually depression, decreased libido, and decreased ability to cope with stress. Another interview study of 101 pill users and 90 pregnant controls produced 34% with depression, 29% with irritability, 23% with lethargy, 15% with decreased libido, 64% with adverse effects and 25% discontinued. 11% reported increased well-being in addition to reporting adverse symptoms, which the author interpreted as increased emotional lability. Other systems through which oral contraceptives may exert these effects include catecholamine metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, corticoid hormones, drug interactions, susceptibility of EEG to progesterones depressant effects, and unconsious and conscious attitudes of the patient.
Am J Obstet Gynecol 1968 Dec 01
PMID:Psychiatric reactions to oral contraceptives. 572 94

Animal studies and the original study comparing buspirone with diazepam and placebo indicated that sedative-hypnotic side effects and impairment in psychomotor function would be less with buspirone than with diazepam. This was borne out by the present double-blind study in which almost 700 patients received buspirone. Mean daily doses were buspirone, 20 mg; diazepam, 20 mg; and clorazepate, 24 mg. Sedation, lethargy, and depression were significantly less with buspirone than with diazepam or clorazepate and were comparable to placebo. There was no indication that other types of side effects would differ significantly from those seen with the benzodiazepines. Nervousness, headache, and dizziness were experienced more frequently with buspirone than with placebo.
J Clin Psychiatry 1982 Dec
PMID:The side effect profile of buspirone in comparison to active controls and placebo. 613 65

Although aseptic meningitis, lethargy and irritability occur frequently in Kawasaki disease and infantile polyarteritis nodosa, other neurological manifestations are rare. The authors report one case of Kawasaki disease and one of infantile polyarteritis nodosa, both associated with acute hemiplegia. Both patients had received courses of oral corticosteroids for their underlying disease prior to the onset of the hemiplegia. Pathological studies, as well as the four previously reported cases, are reviewed.
Dev Med Child Neurol 1984 Dec
PMID:Acute hemiplegia in Kawasaki disease and infantile polyarteritis nodosa. 615 31

A case, a 18-year-old male, of an endodermal sinus tumor (yolk sac tumor) in the fourth ventricle, was reported. The patient had a month history of headache, vomiting and gait disturbance prior to the hospitalization, when he admitted to our service he was in lethargic condition with left cerebellar ataxia and horizontal nystagmus. Lumbar tap revealed clear CSF under normal pressure of 110 mm H2O with the CSF protein of 432.5 mg/dl and cell count of 147/3. The vertebral angiography demonstrated space occupying lesion in the posterior fossa. Plain CT demonstrated only disappearance of the fourth ventricle and slightly dilated bilateral ventricles and third ventricle. However diffuse high density area around the fourth ventricle was demonstrated and the wall of bilateral anterior horn was slightly enhanced, after injection of contrast media. There was no other abnormal findings around the pineal region. Suboccipital craniectomy was performed and the tumor was totally removed macroscopically. The tumor was situated in th floor of the fourth ventricle and infiltrated into the fourth ventricular wall and th adjacent cerebellar tissue. The tumor was with soft, greyish color and extremely vascular. Histologically the tumor was diagnosed as endodermal sinus tumor according to Teilum's classification. There were stellate cells arranged in a loose with vacuolated network which formed cystic cavities and a complicated network of honeycomb appearance with a system of communicating cavities and channels. Various size of intra- and extracellular PAS-positive hyaline globules were also seen. Glomerular-like structure (Schiller-Duval body) was not observed. Immunoperoxidase study clearly demonstrated the presence of intra- and extracytoplasmic alpha-fetoprotein granules in the tumor tissue. The amount of the serum alpha-fetoprotein, measured by radioimmunoassay, showed 400 ng/ml. After irradiation in the posterior fossa (5000 rad) the patient was discharged. Three months later, follow up CT demonstrated small high density area in the anterior horn of the left lateral ventricle, so he was rehospitalised. Irradiation in the whole brain was again administered. The tumor was very radiosensitive. CT, after 800 rad, demonstrated complete disappearance of the tumor. After irradiation totally (3000 rad), he discharged with left cerebellar ataxia.
No Shinkei Geka 1980 Dec
PMID:[Primary endodermal sinus tumor of the fourth ventricle (author's transl)]. 616 17


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