Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023380 (lethargy)
 5,697 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The time course of morphologic changes in the influenza B mouse model of Reye's syndrome is described and compared to the clinical, virologic, and biochemical changes. Following an intravenous inoculation of a lethal dose of an egg adapted strain of influenza B/Lee/40 virus, mice first showed clinical signs of lethargy and ruffled fur at 12 hours (h) post inoculation (pi). The earliest morphologic changes in the liver occurred at 12 h pi, and consisted of a slight increase in fat and loss of glycogen in hepatocytes. Over the next 36 h, the accumulation of microvesicular fat increased, and mitochondrial abnormalities such as pleomorphism and loss of dense bodies developed. There was no increase in peroxisomes. In the brain, focal cerebral edema was detected as early at 6-12 h pi. The edema, manifested as swelling of astrocytic foot processes, increased in severity with time. Endothelial cells were not abnormal. Myelin sheath splitting rarely was observed. Since changes occurred simultaneously in the liver and in the brain, we suggest that influenza B virus caused a simultaneous primary insult to both organs.
J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1990 Sep
PMID:The sequence of changes in liver and brain in the influenza B virus mouse model of Reye's syndrome. 217 2

Lymphocytic leukemia and lymphosarcoma were diagnosed in a rabbit with lethargy, emaciation, and pallor. The diagnosis was made on the bases of results of hematologic analysis, cytologic evaluation of a bone marrow specimen, and histologic examination. The lymphosarcoma was identified to be of T-cell origin. Leukemia is rarely diagnosed in rabbits, although lymphosarcoma is fairly common in this species.
J Am Vet Med Assoc 1990 Sep 01
PMID:Lymphocytic leukemia and lymphosarcoma in a rabbit. 221 15

Mosquitoes of 3 species (Aedes aegypti, Ae. albopictus, and Culex quinquefasciatus) were fed on human blood containing various concentrations of ivermectin. Three effects (death, decreased egg production, and reduced egg hatching) were observed in the insects, depending upon the concentration of ivermectin ingested. The LD50 of ivermectin in human blood for the 3 mosquito species was estimated to be 126, 208, and 698 ng/ml, respectively. Mosquitoes dying after ingestion of ivermectin developed signs of acute toxicity including paralysis, lethargy, incoordination, and difficulty in movement. Death usually occurred within 48-72 hr. With sublethal blood concentrations of the chemical, mosquitoes survived, but there was a marked reduction in both the number and viability of their eggs. This infertility was only temporary, however, as subsequent refeeding of the insects on uncontaminated blood resulted in the production of normal numbers of fertile eggs. Blood levels of ivermectin which made 50% of the eggs infertile in Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus were calculated 3.4 and 4.3 ng/ml, respectively. These latter concentrations of the chemical are within the range found in blood of humans and domestic animals receiving ivermectin for treatment of parasitic infections. This finding suggests that the widespread use of ivermectin in veterinary and human medicine may have an unrecognized effect on mosquito populations.
Am J Trop Med Hyg 1990 Sep
PMID:Mortality and infertility in adult mosquitoes after the ingestion of blood containing ivermectin. 222 Dec 16

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is regarded as an agent that selectively affects temporal and frontal lobes with necrosis and hemorrhage, and no case of herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) with white matter lesion in a diffuse fashion has previously been reported. A 2-year-old boy developed high fever, right hemi-convulsions and lethargy. Computed tomography (CT) showed wedge-shaped areas of high density in the left frontal region, whereas, cerebral angiography disclosed no vascular abnormality. T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated cortical changes which were similar to those illustrated by CT. However, T2-weighted images depicted further spread high intensities of the lesion. The patient's symptoms spontaneously disappeared before an antiviral drug, acyclovir, was administered. After the significant increase of HSV antibody titers in serum and cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) established a definite diagnosis, acyclovir was intravenously given at a daily dosage of 30 mg/kg for a period of 6 days in order to prevent the recurrence of HSE. Two months later, T2-weighted MRI visualized a diffuse lesion of increased signal intensities involving the white matter of both hemispheres, while both CSF protein and myelin basic protein were significantly elevated. Despite of these changes of the white matter, our patient developed a few symptoms such as mild speech disturbance, slight weakness of the right upper limb and sialorrhea. Although the mechanism of these changes in the white matter remains obscure, it is postulated that a direct invasion of HSV to the white matter, an immunological disorder following HSV infection and a side effect of acyclovir could have triggered a reversible process of demyelination of the cerebral white matter.
No To Hattatsu 1990 Sep
PMID:[A case of herpes simplex encephalitis with cerebral white matter lesion after acyclovir administration]. 222 88

Carbamazepine is being used more frequently in the U.S. as an initial agent of choice to treat generalized tonic-clonic, mixed, and partial seizures with complex symptomatology. Carbamazepine is extensively metabolized in the liver; however, there is little information available on its pharmacokinetics in patients following surgery or myocardial infarction, or in those with liver disease. We report a case of a patient who attained toxic carbamazepine serum concentrations (ranging from 18.2 to 21.5 micrograms/mL) two days after cardiothoracic surgery and an intraoperative myocardial infarction, and experienced lethargy, diplopia, dysarthria, diaphoresis, and horizontal and downgaze nystagmus. These alterations in serum carbamazepine concentration normalized ten days after surgery. They may have been due to a combination of changes in protein binding and decreased elimination due to altered intrinsic hepatic clearance. With carbamazepine achieving a more prominent place in anticonvulsant therapy, the influence of various procedures and disease processes on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of carbamazepine, as well as the clinical consequences of such changes, need further investigation.
DICP 1990 Sep
PMID:Toxic carbamazepine concentrations following cardiothoracic surgery and myocardial infarction. 226 Mar 36

The case records of and histopathologic findings in 57 dogs with nonangiogenic and nonlymphomatous splenic sarcomas were reviewed. Splenic neoplasms in these dogs included leiomyosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, undifferentiated sarcoma, liposarcoma, osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, myxosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and fibrous histiocytoma. The clinical signs associated with splenic sarcoma included anorexia or decreased appetite, abdominal distention, polydipsia, lethargy, vomiting, weight loss, and weakness. An abdominal mass was detected in 86% of the dogs by use of abdominal palpation (63%), and/or abdominal radiography (74%). The diagnosis was based on histopathologic findings in the spleen. Abdominal exploratory surgery was performed on 43 of the 57 dogs. Twenty-seven dogs were treated by splenectomy, and 16 were euthanatized at the time of surgery because of widespread metastatic lesions. Of the 14 dogs on which surgery was not performed, 11 were euthanatized on the basis of results of preoperative diagnostic tests, and the remaining 3 dogs had splenic neoplasms that were incidental findings at necropsy. Of the 27 surgically treated dogs, 5 died in the immediate postoperative period, 12 died or were euthanatized within 1 year after splenectomy, and only 5 dogs survived greater than or equal to 1 year. Three dogs were lost to follow-up evaluation, and 2 were still alive 6 and 7 months after surgery. The median survival time of the 22 dogs for which survival was known was 2.5 months. The median survival time for 11 dogs with no obvious metastasis at the time of splenectomy was 9 months.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
J Am Vet Med Assoc 1989 Sep 15
PMID:Nonangiogenic and nonlymphomatous sarcomas of the canine spleen: 57 cases (1975-1987). 255 65

Thirty-two cats referred to the Feline Studies Centre between June 1987 and October 1988, and 14 in-contact cats, were found to be infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. Most of the 46 cats were non-pedigree and free ranging; 27 were male (19 neutered) and 19 were female (18 neutered). Their ages ranged from one to 17 years and the average age was 5.8 years. The most common clinical signs were lethargy, inappetence, weight loss, pyrexia and lymphadenopathy; most cases had multiple abnormalities. Other common signs were gingivitis, diarrhoea, rhinitis and ocular discharge. Eight cats had neoplasia. The commonest haematological abnormalities were anaemia, neutropenia, lymphopenia and monocytosis. Eight cats had lymphocytosis; seven of these were in a single house-hold. Several cats had high serum globulin levels and half of those tested had high IgG levels. Seven cats had no detectable antibody to feline immunodeficiency virus even though the virus was cultured from the peripheral blood lymphocytes. During follow-up for up to 60 weeks one cat died and 23 were destroyed on humane grounds.
Vet Rec 1989 Sep 23
PMID:Clinical and laboratory findings in cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. 255 57

102 children with acute gastroenteritis were thought by the admitting junior doctors to be 5% or more dehydrated. As judged by subsequent weight recovery in hospital, the main indicators of mild to moderate dehydration were decreased peripheral perfusion, deep breathing, decreased skin turgor, high urea, low pH, and a large base deficit; a history of increased thirst was just short of statistical significance. Dehydration was not indicated by a history of oliguria, by the presence of restlessness or lethargy, sunken eyes, dry mouth, or a sunken fontanelle or by the absence of tears. Clinical signs of dehydration became apparent at 3-4% rather than 5% dehydration. The degree of dehydration was overestimated by a mean of 3.2%; this caused unnecessary hospital admissions and overtreatment with intravenous fluid.
Lancet 1989 Sep 09
PMID:Clinical signs of dehydration in children. 257 63

Primary hyperparathyroidism becomes increasingly common with age and affects females four times more commonly than males. We now know that the majority of patients are asymptomatic of the disease and the commonest symptoms are fatigue and lethargy. Because of these facts, it is now appropriate to consider conservative management of primary hyperparathyroidism in the older patient who is asymptomatic or who has only mild symptoms. Further studies are indicated to ascertain whether such a conservative policy is correct.
Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 1989 Sep
PMID:Primary hyperparathyroidism. Clinical presentation and factors influencing clinical management. 267 66

Three groups of turkeys were inoculated with strains of C. psittaci (B577, VS1, TT3) from different restriction endonuclease groups. Turkeys were necropsied at 15 times through post-inoculation day 70. Birds infected with the TT3 strain were lethargic and had decreased body weight. After forced exercise, dyspnea was seen in VS1-infected turkeys. Pericarditis was the most severe lesion in TT3-infected birds. Airsacculitis and bronchopneumonia were the most severe lesions in VS1-infected turkeys. Lateral nasal adenitis was in both VS1- and TT3-infected birds. Only mild peribronchial pneumonia was in B577-infected turkeys. Chlamydial antigen, identified by light microscopy using an immunoperoxidase technique, was seen from post-inoculation days 9 through 50 in the lateral nasal gland and at earlier times in other tissue from VS1- and TT3-infected turkeys. No chlamydial antigen was detected in tissue from B577-infected birds. These studies showed that chlamydial strains from different restriction endonuclease groups are associated with distinct disease syndromes in turkeys.
Vet Pathol 1989 Sep
PMID:Respiratory and pericardial lesions in turkeys infected with avian or mammalian strains of Chlamydia psittaci. 268 47


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