Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023380 (lethargy)
 5,697 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. Aqueous extracts of digestive glands of specimens of the dorid nudibranchs Cadlina flavomaculata, Doriopsilla albopunctata, Anisodoris nobilis, Archidoris montereyenis, and A. odhneri were lethal when injected into shore crabs and when injected intraperitoneally into mice. 2. Aqueous extracts of the degestive glands of Doriopsilla albopunctata and of Anisodoris nobilis were shown by bioassay (guinea pig ileum)and by chemical determination to contain histamine. The amount present was far too small to account for the toxicity of the glands. 3. Extracts of the digestive glands of Anisodoris nobilis were fractionated by column chromatography on Biogel P-2 to yield an active fraction designated "dorid toxin". This produces lethargy and bradycardia in mice. In anesthetized rats it produces sustained (60 min or more) bradycardia and hypotension. On isolated hearts, especially spontaneously beating guinea pig atria, it has negative inotropic and chronotropic effects. 4. Dorid toxin has a molecular weight under 8000. It is heat stable and is not destroyed by trypsin, chymotrypsin or Pronase. It is therefore unlikely that it is a polypeptide.
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PMID:Toxicity and pharmacology of extracts from dorid nudibranches. 45

A porcine strain of Pasteurella multocida (serotype D:3) produced a toxin causing turbinate atrophy (TA) in pigs. The toxin (TAT), processed on a high performance liquid chromatography size exclusion column, eluted as a single peak (molecular weight of about 160,000) containing trace amounts of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS; protein:LPS, 85:1). The eluted fraction migrated on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single band. It could be prevented from dissociating into two prominent polypeptides by addition of a protease inhibitor. A single dose (2.0 to 79.0 micrograms/kg) of TAT given to pigs intravenously was lethal. Doses from 0.02 to 1.0 microgram/kg caused transient clinical signs of porcine systemic toxicosis with reduced appetite, generalized weakness, depression, lethargy, weight loss, and in some instances, death. Intradermal doses of TAT (greater than or equal to 0.1 microgram/site) produced hemorrhagic areas within four hours. Systemically, TAT causes bilateral TA, lymphopenia, liver dysfunctions, and possible renal impairment. Affinity of TAT for cells of epithelial origin was demonstrated in mice given 125I-TAT. In vitro, TAT stimulated DNA and protein syntheses of peripheral blood lymphocytes and suppressed syntheses in turbinate and kidney cell cultures without being cytolytic. Biological effects of TAT were eliminated by exposure to either heat, trypsin or anti-TAT antibody.
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PMID:Host response to Pasteurella multocida turbinate atrophy toxin in swine. 230 67

The neurologic symptoms in human shigellosis have often been attributed to Shiga toxin, although its exact role has not been determined. By use of a [3H] thymidine-labeled HeLa cell assay, cytotoxic activity was demonstrated in stool but not cerebrospinal fluid or serum from five patients with shigellosis presenting with seizures or encephalopathy. Bacterial isolates produced 16.0-88.2 CD50 (50% cytotoxic dose) of cytotoxin/mg of protein. The toxin activity in stool and the cytotoxic activity of the isolates were not neutralized by antiserum to purified Shiga toxin. DNA hybridization studies showed that Shigella isolates from these patients lacked the structural genes for Shiga toxin. The cytotoxin produced was also distinct from Shiga-like toxins I and II. Sonicates of the Shigella strains injected intraperitoneally into mice caused lethargy and lethality. The toxin activity was heat-labile and sensitive to trypsin, indicating that its active component is protein. Ultrafiltration and gel filtration chromatography showed a molecular mass of 100-125 kDa. Thus Shiga toxin production is not essential for the development of neurologic manifestations of shigellosis; other toxic products may play a role.
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PMID:The association of Shiga toxin and other cytotoxins with the neurologic manifestations of shigellosis. 232 46

A toxin associated with Toxoplasma gondii infection was obtained from the trophozoites and culture medium used to propagate the parasite in cell cultures. The toxin, named Toxofactor (TF), administered parenterally or nonparenterally in adult mice, produces transient symptoms of lethargy, ruffled fur, and body weight loss. Organ changes which accompanied the outward symptoms included hepatosplenomegaly and involuted thymus. TF activity was detected in extracts of the blood, peritoneal fluid, liver, and spleen of infected mice. Severe damage to embryonal and fetal development was induced when TF was administered during pregnancy. Resorption, abortion, and congenital abnormalities were produced, dependent upon the stage of development at the time of exposure. Adult mice which had reacted to and recovered from an initial intraperitoneal injection to TF were protected against a secondary challenge from TF. Fetal development was also protected from damage when TF was used to challenge adults previously exposed to TF. Mouse and rabbit anti-TF sera neutralized TF activity in the adult. In no instance did control mice show any deleterious effect when exposed to soluble cell lysate from the uninfected cell line (BHK-21) used to propagate the organism plus the used medium from these same uninfected cells. TF activity was not attributed to bacterial, myocoplasmal, or viral contamination. TF toxic activity is labile to elevated temperature and high or low pH, which also destroy its protective properties. TF activity was sensitive to trypsin and was obtained in the elution fraction (alpha-methyl-D-mannoside) from affinity chromatography (concanavalin A-Sepharose 4B). Ultrafiltration indicated the molecular weight to be between 50,000 and 100,000. TF, apparently a glycoprotein, was quantitated for activity by a weight loss assay. A unit of activity was defined as the minimum quantity of TF (highest dilution) which produced at least a 10% average body weight loss in adult Nya:NYLAR female mice between days 7 and 12 post-intraperitoneal injection.
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PMID:Toxofactor associated with Toxoplasma gondii infection is toxic and teratogenic to mice. 668

The objective of this study was to compare the sensitivity of different diagnostic tests for pancreatitis in cats. Twenty-one cats with confirmed pancreatitis were evaluated at the Small Animal Clinic of the School of Veterinary Medicine in Hannover, Germany, between September 1997 and January 1999. Clinical signs of affected cats were nonspecific, with 95% of the cats showing anorexia and 86% lethargy. Also, hematologic and biochemical abnormalities of affected cats were nonspecific. Serum feline trypsin-like immunoreactivity (fTLI) in these 21 cats with pancreatitis was 127.5 +/- 109.5 microg/L (mean +/- SD; range, 24-500 microg/L). Fourteen of the 21 cats with pancreatitis had complicating conditions. Their serum fTLI was 153.9 +/- 124.3 microg/L (mean +/- SD; range, 29 500 microg/L). In this study, abdominal ultrasound showed a sensitivity for pancreatitis of 24%, and abdominal computed tomography had a sensitivity of 20%. Serum fTLI had a sensitivity between 86% when a cut-off value of 49 microg/L was used (upper limit of the control range) and 33% when a cut-off value of 100 microg/L was used. We conclude that in this group of cats with pancreatitis, measurement of serum fTLI was the most sensitive diagnostic test of those evaluated. Abdominal ultrasound, however, may be a valuable diagnostic tool in some cats with pancreatitis.
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PMID:Comparison of the sensitivity of different diagnostic tests for pancreatitis in cats. 1146 88

The ornamental tobacco (Nicotiana alata) produces one 6-kDa chymotrypsin inhibitor and four 6-kDa trypsin inhibitors from a single 40.3-kDa precursor protein. Three different approaches have been used to assess the potential of these proteinase inhibitors (PIs) in insect control. The first was an in-vitro approach in which all five inhibitors, the single chymotrypsin inhibitor or three of the four trypsin inhibitors were tested for their ability to inhibit gut protease activity in insects from four orders. The second approach was to incorporate the N. alata PIs in the artificial diet of the native budworm (Helicoverpa punctigera) and the black field cricket (Teleogryllus commodus). H. punctigera larvae and T. commodus nymphs had a significant (P<0.01) reduction in growth after ingestion of the PI and were more lethargic than insects on the control diet. Several of the H. punctigera larvae also failed to complete moulting at the third or fourth instar. The third approach was to express the N. alata PIs in transgenic tobacco under the control of the 35S CaMV promoter. When H. punctigera larvae were fed tobacco leaves expressing the N. alata PIs at 0.2% soluble protein, significant (P<0.01) differences in mortality and/or growth rate were observed.
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PMID:Proteinase inhibitors from Nicotiana alata enhance plant resistance to insect pests. 1277 Apr 95

A 10-year-old domestic shorthair cat showed anorexia, lethargy and ptyalism with hyperammonaemia. Portosystemic shunts were not identified by computed tomography angiography. Biopsy results revealed mild interstinal nephritis and no lesion in the liver. Analysis of urine revealed the presence of a high methylmalonic acid (MMA) concentration. Serum cobalamin (vitamin B(12)) and serum feline trypsin-like immunoreactivity levels were also markedly low. The cat was diagnosed as having exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI). After 5 weeks of parenteral cobalamin supplementation, serum cobalamin concentration had increased and urinary MMA concentration had decreased. This case suggests that hyperammonaemia may be caused by accumulation of MMA due to cobalamin malabsorption secondary to feline EPI.
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PMID:Hyperammonaemia due to cobalamin malabsorption in a cat with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. 2290 95