Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023380 (lethargy)
 5,697 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A new antidepressant Fluoxetine, a serotonin re-uptake inhibitor, was tried on 26 resistant depressed patients. There were four drop out due to severe side effects. Improvement was noticeable soon after the first week and was maximum within 3 weeks of medication in 14 (63.6%) patients while in 8 (36.4%) patients it was as late as 6-12 weeks. The decline in improvement after three weeks in 7(31.8%) patients, needs attention in future studies. Bradycardia in 2 patients above the age of sixty indicate that the drug should be used with caution in elderly. GIT disturbance, insomnia, anorexia, restlessness and lethargy were common side effects. A well planned double blind study is recommended before its place is assigned in our patient population.
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PMID:Early experience with fluoxetine. 176 70

Retrospective chart reviews of seven adolescent and young adults with autistic disorder treated with fluoxetine alone or in combination with other medications were performed. Patient's ages varied from 9-20 years (M +/- SD, = 16 +/- 3.87). Fluoxetine doses ranged from 20-80 mg per day (M +/- SD of final doses 37.14 +/- 21). Duration of treatment ranged from 1.3-32 months (M 18.04 +/- 10.39). Patients' symptoms were monitored using the Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) rating scale during every visit. Side effects included initial appetite suppression, vivid dreams, and hyperactivity. Improvement from baseline was seen in four subscales: irritability (21%), lethargy (37%), stereotype (27%), and inappropriate speech (21%). Lethargy subscales improved significantly during treatment (p < .029). Hyperactivity subscale increased by 14% but did not attain statistical significance. Fluoxetine appears to have important behavioral effects in treatment of clinic-referred autistic children. Future double-blind placebo controlled studies evaluating core and associated symptom response with fluoxetine are warranted.
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PMID:Fluoxetine in treatment of adolescent patients with autism: a longitudinal open trial. 971 86

Fluoxetine is a biologically active pharmaceutical chemical that has been detected at parts-per-trillion levels in surface waters in North America and Europe. This has generated concern because negative effects in aquatic organisms are possible. Known as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, fluoxetine (e.g., Prozac; Elli Lilly) is neurologically active and widely prescribed for clinical depression in humans. In the present investigation, acute and chronic toxicities of fluoxetine were evaluated in an environmentally relevant species, western mosquitofish Gambusia affinis. Acute toxicity (5 to 5340 ppb fluoxetine) was assessed in neonates (age 24 to 48 hours) exposed in glass aquaria for 7 days; chronic toxicity (0.05 to 5 ppb fluoxetine) was examined in fish exposed from age neonate to age 91 days; and effects of chronic exposure (100 days) on sexual maturation was investigated in mesocosm tanks (100 L) in fish exposed (7 to 71 ppb) from age 59 to 159 days. Acute toxicity of fluoxetine in neonate western mosquitofish was observed to have a 7-day median lethal concentration of 546 ppb. Chronic exposure did not affect survival, growth, or sex ratio; however, increased lethargy in fish exposed to > or =0.5 ppb fluoxetine was observed. In fish exposed from age 59 to 159 days (juvenile to adult life stages), delayed development of external adult sexual morphology was observed at 71 ppb fluoxetine, which consisted of delayed onset of the presence of the black spot in the posterior abdomen in female fish and delayed formation of the elongated anal fin (gonopodium) in male fish. The present study demonstrated that chronic exposure of western mosquitofish to fluoxetine can affect sexual development; however, it does so only at concentrations 3 to 4 orders of magnitude higher than those previously found in the environment.
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PMID:Acute and chronic toxicity of fluoxetine (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor) in western mosquitofish. 1776 86

Gastric pneumatosis is an imaging finding defined as the presence of gas foci in the gastric wall. In humans, this imaging feature can result from one of two separate clinical entities: life-threatening emphysematous gastritis or clinically benign gastric emphysema. This retrospective case series study describes the clinical and imaging features in five animals diagnosed with spontaneous gastric pneumatosis without gastric dilatation-volvulus. Three canine and two feline cases of spontaneous gastric pneumatosis were identified on radiographic and ultrasonographic examinations. In addition to gastric pneumatosis, one dog and two cats presented concomitant systemic signs such as lethargy, hematemesis, anemia, or leukocytosis. Two dogs remained asymptomatic or presented mild gastrointestinal signs. Portal gas was described in two dogs and one cat, and pneumoperitoneum in one dog. These features were not considered clinically significant. The dog and two cats with systemic signs were euthanized due to clinical deterioration and diagnosed with emphysematous gastritis. The gastric pneumatosis of both dogs without systemic signs resolved while on medical management without antibiotic therapy. These latter cases were interpreted as consistent with gastric emphysema. Findings from the current study indicated that gastric pneumatosis can occur without gastric dilatation-volvulus in cats and dogs and that a combination of clinical and imaging characteristics may help to differentiate between potentially life-threatening emphysematous gastritis and relatively benign gastric emphysema. More studies are needed to determine the etiology and risk factors associated with these conditions.
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PMID:Canine and feline emphysematous gastritis may be differentiated from gastric emphysema based on clinical and imaging characteristics: Five cases. 3141 74