Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023380 (lethargy)
 5,697 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Black walnut toxicosis was diagnosed in 10 horses at one stable. The time from exposure to shavings to development of clinical signs was 8 to 12 hours. Most common clinical signs were moderate to severe laminitis (Obel grade 2 or 3), pitting edema of the distal portion of the limbs, and rapid respiratory rate. Two horses had clinical signs of colic and 2 other horses had anorexia and lethargy. All 10 horses recovered without complications.
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PMID:Black walnut toxicosis in ten horses. 276 58

A 10-year-old Tennessee Walker gelding, with a history of progressive weight loss, intermittent colic and lethargy, had a slight fever, tachycardia, tachypnea, pallor, ascites and marked ventral edema. Blood analyses revealed anemia, leukocytosis, neutrophilia with a left shift, lymphopenia, monocytosis, hypoproteinemia and a slightly increased SDH level. Abdominocentesis produced red-orange fluid with many RBC and an increased fibrinogen content. Rectal palpation revealed a large mass in the left caudal abdominal quadrant. The animal died shortly after resection of the mass. The histopathologic diagnosis was lymphosarcoma, involving the spleen, liver and lung.
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PMID:Splenic lymphosarcoma in a horse. 654 5

Thirty-four adult ponies were used to determine the effects of single oral doses of copper (Cu) supplements (0, 20, and 40 mg of Cu/kg of body weight) on the toxicity of oral doses of selenium (Se) supplements (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 mg of Se/kg of body weight) administered 24 hours after the copper was given. Signs of Se toxicosis-sweating, diarrhea, tachycardia, tachypnea, mild pyrexia, lethargy, and colic-developed in ponies given 6 and 8 mg of Se/kg of body weight without Cu pretreatment. Two of 4 ponies given 6 mg of Se/kg and both ponies given 8 mg of Se/kg without Cu pretreatment died within 36 hours after being given the Se. All ponies given either 20 or 40 mg of Cu/kg were unaffected by the subsequent Se supplement, regardless of dosage. The Cu pretreatment did not seem to inhibit absorption of Se, based on serum Se concentrations, but hastened the disappearance of the Se from the serum.
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PMID:Effects of copper pretreatment upon toxicity of selenium in ponies. 721 26

Trials were conducted in ponies to evaluate the efficacy of pyrantel pamoate (Strongid-T(R)) and two newer anthelmintics not yet commercially available, nitramisole and avermectin B(1)a, against migrating Strongylus vulgaris larvae. Ponies were removed from their mares within 24-48 hr after birth and reared in isolation, worm free. Between six and 14 weeks of age they were infected with 2000 or 2500 infective S. vulgaris larvae. Subsequently, they were monitored daily for clinical signs until the experiment terminated at 28 days postinfection. All ponies showed increased body temperature and reduced appetite within the first week of infection. All anthelmintics were administered on day 7 and in addition pyrantel pamoate was given on day 8 postinfection. The anthelmintics were in liquid formulation. Nitramisole and pyrantel pamoate were given by stomach tube and avermectin B(1)a by subcutaneous injection.Following administration of these compounds toxic reactions were not observed. All anthelmintics caused a reduction in body temperature and increased appetite and effected a clinical cure. In ponies which were not treated with an anthelmintic, temperatures remained elevated and appetites never returned completely to normal. These ponies also showed variable degrees of lethargy, depression, recumbency and colic and the majority died between two and three weeks postinfection. At necropsy, these control ponies showed variable degrees of adhesions involving the abdominal organs, necrosis of the ileum and cecum and severe arteritis and thrombosis of the major abdominal arteries and their branches.Although pyrantel pamoate, used at eight times the therapeutic dose for intestinal nematodes in the horse, effected a clinical cure it did not produce a radical cure. At necropsy, ponies treated with pyrantel pamoate had arteritis and thrombosis of the cranial mesenteric artery and its major branches. Nitramisole and avermectin B(1)a were able to effect both a clinical and radical cure.
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PMID:Evaluation of pyrantel pamoate, nitramisole and avermectin B1a against migrating Strongylus vulgaris larvae. 739 1

The medical records of 23 American Miniature Horses with hyperlipidemia, hyperlipemia, or hepatic lipidosis were reviewed. The most common clinical signs were anorexia and lethargy. The mean duration of clinical signs was 2.4 days. A primary disease was identified in 19 cases. Enterocolitis was the most common primary disease (n = 10). Intentional feed restriction, as part of treatment for colic, resulted in hyperlipemia in 2 horses and hyperlipidemia in 1. Four horses had primary hyperlipemia, 3 of which had signs of hepatoencephalopathy secondary to hepatic lipidosis. Dextrose, heparin, and insulin were the most common treatments. The overall survival was 61% (14/23). All horses with peak serum triglyceride concentrations > 1,200 mg/dl died or were euthanatized, whereas all but 1 with peak serum triglyceride concentrations < 1,200 mg/dl survived. These findings suggest that when American Miniature Horses, like other ponies and donkeys, are in a negative energy balance, they can rapidly develop hyperlipidemia or hyperlipemia. Early detection and treatment may improve survival.
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PMID:Hyperlipidemia, hyperlipemia, and hepatic lipidosis in American miniature horses: 23 cases (1990-1994). 764 75

Necrotizing enterocolitis was found in 77 infants over a 5 year period. Diagnosis of NEC was established on 4.9 + 4.8 days in babies with birth weight of 1667 + 577 grams and the gestational age of 33.3 + 2.6 weeks. Definite disease occurred in 33 (42.9%) babies while there was strong suspicion in another 44 (57.1%) babies. Prefeed gastric residue (98.7%), abdominal distension (97.3%), lethargy (78.7%), hypotonia (60%) and jaundice (48%) were the main presenting features. However, blood in stools and abdominal wall erythema were found in 38.7% babies. About one third of infants had a positive blood culture. Pneumatosis intestinalis was present in 83.9% of babies and pneumoperitoneum was seen in 35.5% of neonates with NEC. Ileo-ceco-colic region was the commonest site of involvement. Overall survival was 61% and survival with Stage III was only 13%. Birth weight less than 1500 g, gestational age less than 32 weeks, erythema of the abdominal wall, intra-abdominal mass, portal venous gas in abdominal X-ray and Gram negative septicemia were associated with higher mortality.
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PMID:Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis: a clinical study. 807 31

Since mid-1989, 37 cases of oleander poisoning in livestock have been diagnosed at the California Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory System. The most frequent source for oleander exposure was plant clippings. Sudden death was the most common presenting complaint. Other signs reported included diarrhea, pulmonary edema, tachycardia, cardiac arrhythmias, colic, and lethargy. In the past, a presumptive diagnosis of oleander poisoning could be based only on matching clinical signs with evidence of consumption of oleander. A new 2 dimensional Thin-layer chromatography analysis of ingesta for oleandrin and an awareness of lesions in heart muscle have greatly improved the ability to diagnose oleander toxicosis.
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PMID:Diagnosis of oleander poisoning in livestock. 884 81

A four-year-old pedigree Holstein, second lactation cow had been lethargic, with a reduced appetite, signs of colic and reduced milk yield for one day. There was a small swelling in the right paralumbar fossa and auscultation of this region revealed a tympanitic resonance (ping). An exploratory laparotomy revealed a sigmoid shaped caecal volvulus and extensive caecal necrosis. The condition was corrected surgically by a total typhlectomy. Recovery was slow for the first week after surgery but uneventful thereafter. One month later the cow was healthy, with normal faecal consistency, and in the milking herd. Over the following lactation the cow gave an excellent milk yield.
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PMID:Sigmoid caecal volvulus in a dairy cow treated by total typhlectomy. 888 47

A 18-year-old Dutch Warmblood mare was referred for colic. Upon arrival, lethargy, blindness, head pressing, ataxia, and circling were the main clinical signs. On rectal examination a hard mass and oedema around the cranial mesenteric artery were palpated. Plasma liver enzyme activities and the ammonia level were elevated. Atrial fibrillation with a pulse frequency of 36-52 beats per minute was noticed. On both sides a holosystolic murmer with the maximum intensity on the right side could be auscultated. Postmortem examination revealed eccentric hypertrophy of the right atrium and a pale spotted myocardium, most prominently of the right ventricle, with secondary venous congestion of the azygos and mesenteric veins. The liver changes were indicative of chronic congestion. Despite the normal pulse rate, it appeared that congestive heart failure due to cardiomyopathy, was responsible for the presenting symptoms of this patient.
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PMID:Atrial fibrillation associated with central nervous symptoms and colic in a horse: a case of equine cardiomyopathy. 956 65

We assessed the feasibility of safe discharge home within 24 hours following laparoscopic hysterectomy in 30 patients who met the inclusion criteria and consented to be enrolled in the study group. Patients were admitted on the day of their surgery with the expectation of discharge within 24 hours. Appropriate home nursing follow-up and phone contact by the surgical team were organized preoperatively. Inclusion criteria were: age 30-65 years, absence of any major medical history that would require prolonged hospitalization, availability of home support for the first 48 hours after discharge and presence of a working telephone line and an address within the area of the Community Home Nursing service. All 30 operative procedures were completed without incident. Six patients underwent total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) (all the procedures of hysterectomy being performed laparoscopically including the suturing of uterine arteries, colpotomy and closure of the vaginal vault. The uterus was removed vaginally) and 24 patients underwent laparoscopic hysterectomy (LH) (this techniques differs from TLH in that the colpotomy was performed laparoscopically but the uterosacral ligaments were divided vaginally and the vault also was closed vaginally after the uterus was removed vaginally). The average operating time was 115 minutes (range 85-150 minutes) and the average blood loss was 97 mL (20-250 mL). There were no intraoperative complications, no requirement for transfusion and no readmission to hospital for any of the patients in the study. Postoperative complications were minor (umbilical cellulitis (1), intestinal colic (1)) and both were treated with resolution of the symptoms. Ninety per cent of patients in the study were discharged within 24 hours of their surgery, the average duration of stay being 22.9 hours (20-24 hours). Three patients were not fit for discharge at 24 hours postoperatively due to general lethargy, migraine and nausea; their average discharge time was 53.5 hours. The study showed that laparoscopic hysterectomy can be associated with a reduction in length of in-patient stay compared to traditional laparotomy. Furthermore this reduction could be safely reduced to 24 hours following laparoscopic hysterectomy. There was also an associated cost saving in terms of inpatient bed days. Patient satisfaction with this protocol was high in this selected and motivated group.
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PMID:Home within 24 hours of laparoscopic hysterectomy. 1087 Jul 95


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