Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023380 (lethargy)
 5,697 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Epidemiological and clinical studies on Trypanosoma avium are lacking in the Middle East. The aims of this study were to determine the T. avium incidence in falcons from Kuwait, report clinical signs and find an effective therapy. Blood smears from 921 diseased and 56 healthy falcons were examined between May 2003 and April 2004. 12 birds 11.3%) were found infected by T. avium and ten of these were treated with melarsomine (Cymelarsan) at a dosage of 0.25 mg/kg intramuscularly for four days. All affected birds presented clinical signs, including incapacity of flying high, poor appetite, lethargy, loosing weight, weakness, dyspnoea and death. Signs disappeared within 1-7 days after administration of melarsomine. Trypomastigotes were not detected in blood smears made 1-7 days after the end of therapy. This study suggests that T. avium induces disease in falcons and that melarsomine can be an effective therapy eliminating both clinical signs and circulating trypomastigotes.
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PMID:Trypanosoma avium incidence, pathogenicity and response to melarsomine in falcons from Kuwait. 1582 88

Aspirin is commonly used as an anti-inflammatory therapy for Kawasaki syndrome. Early initiation with high dose aspirin (80 to > 100 mg/kg per day), followed by low-dose therapy at the afebrile stage, has been often used to reduce morbidity and mortality in coronary complications. We report a 10-month-old infant who was diagnosed with Kawasaki syndrome. Sudden onset of poor activity, poor appetite, lethargy, tachycardia, tachypnea, hepatomegaly, increased AST/ALT, coagulopathy and hyperammonemia developed 3 days after the high-dose aspirin therapy. His histopathological and ultrastructural findings from the liver biopsy were compatible with Reye's syndrome. He recovered completely, and there was no recurrence.
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PMID:Reye's syndrome developing in an infant on treatment of Kawasaki syndrome. 1595 35

A 3-month-old female Arabian horse was evaluated because of fever, respiratory distress, lethargy, and decreased appetite of 5 days' duration. Pleural effusion was diagnosed on the basis of ultrasonographic and radiographic examinations. Cytologic examination of pleural fluid collected via thoracocentesis revealed septic inflammation; bacteriologic culture of a sample of that fluid yielded Rhodococcus equi. A large intra-abdominal mass adjacent to the body wall was identified ultrasonographically. A specimen of the mass was collected via aspiration; the specimen was identified cytologically as purulent exudate that contained large numbers of rod-shaped bacteria, which confirmed abdominal abscess formation. Bacteriologic culture of a sample of the exudate also yielded R. equi. The foal was treated with azithromycin (10 mg/kg [4.5 mg/lb], PO, q 24 h for 5 days then q 48 h) and rifampin (5 mg/kg [2.3 mg/lb], PO, q 12 h) for 8 weeks and metronidazole (15 mg/kg [6.8 mg/lb], PO, q 8 h) for 3 weeks. Clinically, the foal responded to antimicrobial treatment within 2 weeks. At 8 weeks after the initial evaluation, ultrasonographic examination of the foal revealed resolution of the pleural effusion and abdominal abscess. In foals, R. equi infection typically results in pyogranulomatous pneumonia, and pleural effusion is an uncommon clinical sign. The combination of azithromycin and rifampin appears to be an effective treatment for R. equi infection in foals.
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PMID:Septic pleuritis and abdominal abscess formation caused by Rhodococcus equi in a foal. 1619 May 97

Supratentorial subdural effusion is common after infection and trauma, but rarely occurs in the posterior fossa, and is even less commonly unilateral. The authors report a rare case of unilateral traumatic posterior fossa subdural effusion with secondary hydrocephalus. A 6-month-old female infant presented with lethargy, poor appetite, and persistent vomiting after head trauma 2 weeks previously. A non-enhanced brain CT scan revealed a right posterior fossa subdural fluid collection that displaced the fourth ventricle and brainstem and dilated lateral ventricles. While monitoring the intracranial pressure, the baby was treated with temporary external subdural drainage, followed by a permanent subdural peritoneal shunt. The treatment and likely physiopathology of this unique case are discussed.
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PMID:Unilateral traumatic posterior fossa subdural effusion in an infant. 1641 Feb 14

A 31-year-old woman presented with a one-week history of headache, generalised lethargy, weakness and poor appetite. Clinical examination showed that her blood pressure was 200/120 mmHg. On an earlier occasion, her blood pressure was found to be normal by a general practitioner whom she last visited three months earlier when she had an upper respiratory tract infection. Investigations showed hypokalaemia, suppressed serum renin and aldosterone. Further history was taken and revealed that she had been craving for guava fruits which she ate with flavoured "asam boi" (containing glycyrrhizic acid) at least three spoonfuls twice a day for the past six weeks. The hypertension and hypokalaemia resolved after two weeks of stopping the "asam boi". Her clinical picture was compatible with exogenously-induced hypermineralocortoidism.
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PMID:Exogenously-induced apparent hypermineralocorticoidism associated with ingestion of "asam boi". 1643 60

The aims of this study were to determine the incidence of the filarial avian nematode Serratospiculum seurati in falcons from Kuwait, report clinical signs and find an effective therapy. Naturally occurring S. seurati infestation was diagnosed in 149 (8.7%) out of 1,706 captive falcons examined between May 2003 and April 2005, and 140 of these were treated with melarsomine at dosage of 0.25 mg/kg injected intramuscularly for two days, and ivermectin, injected once at the dose of 1 mg/kg, 10 days later. Infestation was reportedly symptomatic in 107 (71.8%) and non-symptomatic in 42 (28.2%) falcons. Signs reported more often were dyspnoea (58.8%), reduced speed and strength in flight (56%), weight loss (38.3%), anorexia/poor appetite (22.4%) and lethargy (16.8%). After administration of melarsomine, signs disappeared within 1-10 days in symptomatic birds and improvement of flight performances was noted in non-symptomatic birds. Dead adult parasites were ejected in 22 cases. Embryonated eggs were not detected in coproscopic checks made 10 and 40 days after the end of therapy, in association with lasting clinical remission. The main conclusion is that Serratospiculum seurati is overall pathogenic for birds of prey in the Middle East and that melarsomine + ivermectin can be an effective protocol of therapy eliminating both clinical signs and parasites.
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PMID:Serratospiculosis in falcons from Kuwait: incidence, pathogenicity and treatment with melarsomine and ivermectin. 1660 68

Only occasional cases of Trichomonas spp. infection have been reported in neonates, and these usually represent vaginal infections with Trichomonas vaginalis acquired during passage down the birth canal. We report the case of a 2-week-old girl who was brought by her mother to the Children's Emergency Clinic at our institution for symptoms of lethargy and poor appetite. The neonate was subsequently diagnosed with herpetic encephalitis and developed increasing respiratory difficulty, requiring intubation. Routine viral culture of a nasopharyngeal wash showed no viral organisms, but trichomonads were abundant microscopically on the viral culture medium. Molecular studies identified the organism as T. vaginalis. The significance of this organism as a neonatal respiratory pathogen and its contribution to neonatal respiratory distress are discussed.
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PMID:Neonatal respiratory tract involvement by Trichomonas vaginalis: a case report and review of the literature. 1818 79

Zinc deficiency induces a striking reduction of food intake in animals. To elucidate the mechanisms for this effect, two studies were connectedly conducted to determine the effects of peripheral administration of zinc on food intake in rats fed the zinc-adequate or zinc-deficient diets for a 3-week period. In study 1, two groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats were provided diets made either adequate (ZA; 38.89 mg/kg) or deficient (ZD; 3.30 mg/kg) in zinc. In study 2, after feeding for 3 weeks, both ZA and ZD groups received intraperitoneal (IP) injection of zinc solution with three levels (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 microg zinc/g body weight, respectively) and cumulative food intake at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 24 h, and plasma hormones concentrations were measured. The results in study 1 showed rats fed the ZD diets revealed symptoms of zinc deficiency, such as sparse and coarse hair, poor appetite, susceptibility to surroundings, lethargy, and small movements. Zinc concentrations in serum, femur, and skeletal muscle of rats fed the ZD diets declined by 26.58% (P < 0.01), 27.32% (P < 0.01), and 24.22% (P < 0.05), respectively, as compared with ZA control group. These findings demonstrated that rat models with zinc deficiency and zinc adequacy had been fully established. The results in study 2 showed that IP administration of zinc in both ZA and ZD rats did not influence food intake at each time points (P > 0.05), although zinc deficiency suppressed food intake. Plasma neuropeptide Y (NPY) was higher, but insulin and glucagon were lower in response to zinc deficiency or zinc administration by contrast with their respective controls (P < 0.05). Leptin, T3, and T4 concentrations were uniformly decreased (P < 0.05) in rats fed the ZD diets in contrast to ZA diets; however, no differences (P > 0.05) were observed during zinc injection. Calcitonin gene-related peptide was unaffected (P > 0.05) by either zinc deficiency or zinc administration. The present studies suggested that zinc administration did not affect short-term food intake in rats even in the zinc-deficient ones; the reduced food intake induced by zinc deficiency was probably associated with the depression in thyroid hormones. The results also indicated that NPY and insulin varied conversely during the control of food intake.
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PMID:The effect of peripheral administration of zinc on food intake in rats fed Zn-adequate or Zn-deficient diets. 1842 33

An 8-year-old castrated male Golden Retriever was evaluated for decreased appetite, lethargy, and labored breathing of 1-week duration. Bilateral pulmonary infiltrates, hepatomegaly, and splenomegaly were present. Results of a CBC revealed marked leukocytosis (62,600/microL; reference interval 4000-15,500/microL) and large numbers of atypical cells (30,700/microL) with abundant cytoplasm. There was no concurrent anemia, neutropenia, or thrombocytopenia. Morphology of the atypical cells was most consistent with a histiocytic origin. Similar cells were identified in bone marrow aspirates, and were morphologically suggestive of the macrophage variant of disseminated histiocytic sarcoma. However, flow cytometry of the abnormal circulating cells revealed CD1c, CD11c, and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Class II expression without expression of CD11d or lymphoid markers, consistent with myeloid dendritic antigen-presenting cells. At necropsy, the splenic architecture was effaced by neoplastic histiocytes that were also infiltrating lung, liver, an abdominal lymph node, myocardium, an bone marrow. Immunohistochemistry of the splenic neoplastic cells confirmed dendritic cell origin (CD1c+, CD11c+, MHC II+, no expression of CD11d and lymphoid markers). To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of canine dendritic cell leukemia-in this instance accompanied by marked tissue infiltration.
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PMID:Dendritic cell leukemia in a Golden Retriever. 1853 19

Feline large granular lymphocyte (LGL) lymphoma is an uncommon, morphologically distinct variant of feline lymphoma. Limited information exists in the literature regarding pathological and immunohistochemical descriptions, clinical findings, treatment and survival times. The purpose of this study was to describe clinical features, treatment and outcome in feline LGL lymphoma. Medical records of 45 cats with LGL lymphoma were retrospectively evaluated. Decreased appetite/anorexia, weight loss, lethargy and vomiting were the most commonly reported clinical signs. All cats tested for feline leukaemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus infection were negative. The mesenteric lymph nodes and small intestine were the most commonly affected organs. One complete response and six partial responses were noted in the 23 cats that received chemotherapy as their initial treatment. Median survival time for cats that were treated was 57 days. Based on these results, feline LGL lymphoma appears to be minimally responsive to chemotherapy and is associated with a grave prognosis.
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PMID:Description of clinical and pathological findings, treatment and outcome of feline large granular lymphocyte lymphoma (1996-2004). 1917 69


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