Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023380 (lethargy)
 5,697 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Chronic hypertrophic gastritis in a 7-year-old Boxer dog is described. This gastritis resembles Menetrier's disease in man. The dog was emaciated, lethargic, vomiting and had a poor appetite over a 4-month period. There was anaemia, and the blood smear was characterized by hypochromasia, strong anisoplania and striking poikilocytosis. There was a protein loss and at a later stage of the disease, a hypoalbuminaemia. On gastroscopic examination the plicae gastricae were numerous and strongly marked; moreover, they were granulated with numerous small haemorrhages. Radiographically, the stomach had a marked folding, primarily at the greater curvature. The passage of contrast medium from the stomach into the duodenum was strongly retarded. The pathological findings included macroscopical folding caused by local gland cell hyperplasia in the body as well as the pylorus, foveolar hyperplasia and, in the fundus and in the corpus near the greater curvature, folding of the muscularis mucosae and the submucosa. A superficial gastritis was found particularly in the fundus and corpus, whereas the pyloric antrum showed a more diffuse inflammation.
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PMID:A boxer dog with chronic hypertrophic gastritis resembling Menetrier's disease in man. 93 24

Tyzzer's disease, distemper, and mycotic pneumonia were diagnosed at necropsy of a 6-week-old mixed breed pup. The illness was characterized by lethargy, poor appetite, dysentery, and convulsions, the latter developing just prior to death. The necropsy findings included pale, dilated large intestine and swollen, dark liver. Histologically, multifocal hepatic necrosis, similar to that of Tyzzer's disease in other species of animals, was observed. Bacillus piliformis was found in hepatocytes and necrotic areas of the liver.
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PMID:Naturally occurring Tyzzer's disease as a complication of distemper and mycotic pneumonia in a dog. 95 24

Chronic renal failure is almost invariably accompanied by symptomatic anemia. It has been demonstrated that the primary cause of this anemia is inadequate production of erythropoietin by the diseased kidneys. The isolation of erythropoietin, followed by the cloning and expression of the human erythropoietin gene, made possible clinical trials of rHuEPO in uremic patients. rHuEPO produced dramatic increases in the hematocrit in almost all patients treated and also ameliorated many symptoms, such as lethargy, dizziness, and poor appetite, that had long been attributed to the effect of uremic toxins. Adverse effects of treatment with rHuEPO noted in the early clinical trials included hypertension, seizures, arteriovenous fistula or shunt thrombosis, and hyperkalemia. Further study of rHuEPO has shown that many of these side effects may be no more frequent in patients receiving rHuEPO than in other uremic patients not receiving rHuEPO. Reduction of the rHuEPO dosage and subcutaneous administration produce less rapid increases in the hematocrit and may lessen the incidence and severity of these side effects. rHuEPO therapy places great demands on both the body's iron stores and the capacity to rapidly transfer iron from storage sites to the erythroid progenitor cells. Thus, almost all patients treated with rHuEPO become iron deficient and require oral or parenteral iron replacement. Response to rHuEPO in uremic patients is diminished if the anemia is complicated by iron deficiency, inflammatory disorders, aluminum overload, or deficiency of folate or vitamin B12. rHuEPO therapy is safe and effective in the treatment of the anemia of chronic renal failure. The use of rHuEPO leads to enhanced quality of life and eliminates the need for red cell transfusions. In addition to hemodialysis patients, predialysis patients and those on CAPD benefit from and are candidates for rHuEPO therapy.
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PMID:Anemia of renal failure. Use of erythropoietin. 157 66

A 46-year-old man presented with a four-week history of fevers, occasional chills, and a two-week history of sweats and poor appetite. He also complained of progressive weakness and lethargy. After initial evaluation, while awaiting further consultation, the patient developed rapidly progressing abdominal pain and light-headedness. He was moved immediately into the emergency treatment area. He was noted to have an acute abdomen and was taken to surgery. An enlarged Hodgkin's-infiltrated spleen with an actively bleeding hematoma was removed. The patient denied any history of trauma.
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PMID:Spontaneous rupture of the spleen in initial presentation of Hodgkin's disease. 200 74

As the use of Epoetin alfa to treat the anemia of chronic renal failure expands, attention is beginning to focus on the dietary changes that may occur subsequent to therapy. The anemia-related pattern of poor appetite, lethargy, and decreased mental and physical status can often be reversed as anemia is corrected. Changes in nutritional status increase the importance of monitoring serum chemistries and providing timely interventions. Potentially serious side effects associated with changes in serum chemistries can be minimized or prevented by a teamwork approach involving the physician, nurse, and renal dietitian.
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PMID:Case management of the anemic patient. Epoetin alfa: focus on nutrition management. 224 Dec 57

Septic arthritis in infants who are less than two months of age is a rare condition. During a recent seven-year period, eighteen cases of infantile septic arthritis were diagnosed at Mackay Memorial Hospital. The ratio of males to females was 1.6:1. The most common symptoms were crying during diaper change, and an immobile and swollen joint. Nonspecific symptoms such as fever, poor appetite and lethargy were uncommon. The hip was the most commonly affected joint with the knee taking second place. Ten cases (55%) demonstrated concomitant osteomyelitis. A bacterial etiology was established in 16 cases (88%). The predominant pathogens were S. aureus (5 cases) followed by group B streptococcus (4 cases). Total parenteral nutrition was the predisposing factor of infection in 4 of the 5 S. aureus arthritis cases. The duration of treatment ranged from 21 to 44 days. Two patients developed sequelae: namely discrepancies in leg length, and a limping gait. Early diagnosis and prompt antibiotic treatment are crucial elements in the prevention of disabling and catastrophic sequelae in young infants who have septic arthritis. In addition, open drainage is highly recommended in hip and shoulder arthritis.
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PMID:Septic arthritis in early infancy. 227 68

During the past two decades, essentiality of zinc for man has been established. Deficiency of zinc in man attributable to nutritional factors and several diseased states has been recognized. High phytate content of cereal proteins decreases availability of zinc, thus the prevalence of zinc deficiency is likely to be high in the population subsisting on cereal proteins mainly. Zinc deficiency has been noted to occur in patients with malabsorption syndrome, chronic renal disease, cirrhosis of the liver, sickle cell disease, AE, and other chronically debilitating diseases. Growth retardation, male hypogonadism, skin changes, poor appetite, mental lethargy and delayed wound healing are some of the manifestations of chronically zinc-deficient human subjects. In severely zinc-deficient patients, dermatological manifestations, diarrhea, alopecia, mental disturbances and intercurrent infections predominate. If untreated, the condition becomes fatal. Zinc deficiency affects testicular functions adversely in man and animals. This effect of zinc is at the end-organ level. It appears that zinc is essential for spermatogenesis. Zinc is involved in many biochemical functions. Several zinc metalloenzymes have been recognized in the past decade. Zinc is required for each step of cell cycle in microorganisms and is essential for DNA synthesis. The effect of zinc on protein synthesis may be attributable to its vital role in nucleic acid metabolism. The activities of many zinc-dependent enzymes have been shown to be affected adversely in zinc-deficient tissues. Zinc atoms in some of the enzyme molecules participate in catalysis and also appear to be essential for maintenance of structure of apoenzymes. Zinc also plays a role in stabilization of biomembrane structure and polynucleotide confirmation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Clinical and biochemical manifestation zinc deficiency in human subjects. 241 3

The case records of and histopathologic findings in 57 dogs with nonangiogenic and nonlymphomatous splenic sarcomas were reviewed. Splenic neoplasms in these dogs included leiomyosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, undifferentiated sarcoma, liposarcoma, osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, myxosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and fibrous histiocytoma. The clinical signs associated with splenic sarcoma included anorexia or decreased appetite, abdominal distention, polydipsia, lethargy, vomiting, weight loss, and weakness. An abdominal mass was detected in 86% of the dogs by use of abdominal palpation (63%), and/or abdominal radiography (74%). The diagnosis was based on histopathologic findings in the spleen. Abdominal exploratory surgery was performed on 43 of the 57 dogs. Twenty-seven dogs were treated by splenectomy, and 16 were euthanatized at the time of surgery because of widespread metastatic lesions. Of the 14 dogs on which surgery was not performed, 11 were euthanatized on the basis of results of preoperative diagnostic tests, and the remaining 3 dogs had splenic neoplasms that were incidental findings at necropsy. Of the 27 surgically treated dogs, 5 died in the immediate postoperative period, 12 died or were euthanatized within 1 year after splenectomy, and only 5 dogs survived greater than or equal to 1 year. Three dogs were lost to follow-up evaluation, and 2 were still alive 6 and 7 months after surgery. The median survival time of the 22 dogs for which survival was known was 2.5 months. The median survival time for 11 dogs with no obvious metastasis at the time of splenectomy was 9 months.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Nonangiogenic and nonlymphomatous sarcomas of the canine spleen: 57 cases (1975-1987). 255 65

Four dosing regimens of 2',3'-dideoxycytidine (ddC) were administered intravenously for 10 to 28 days to 18 pigtailed macaques with simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ten macaques naturally infected with simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome retrovirus serotype 2 (SRV-2), the etiologic agent of simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, received ddC by continuous intravenous infusion or by a daily bolus injection for 10 to 12 days. Another eight macaques that were negative for SRV-2 and antibody received ddC prophylaxis prior to challenge with virus and continued to receive ddC therapy for up to 28 days postchallenge. All monkeys treated with a continuous intravenous dose of ddC, which maintained plasma concentrations of ddC at levels known to inhibit SRV-2 in vitro, developed dose-related toxic effects, including leukopenia, anemia, lethargy, and decreased appetite. Monkeys treated with a daily bolus injection of ddC experienced more severe toxic effects than those on the continuous intravenous regimen, including exfoliative dermatitis and peripheral neuropathy. At the concentrations of ddC administered, no significant inhibition of SRV-2 replication was detected in naturally infected macaques. However, a prophylactic regimen of ddC did have an inhibitory effect on SRV-2. Our findings suggest that ddC may be valuable as a short-term prophylactic treatment rather than as a long-term therapy.
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PMID:Toxicity and efficacy of 2',3'-dideoxycytidine in clinical trials of pigtailed macaques infected with simian retrovirus type 2. 255 13

During the past two decades, essentiality of zinc for man has been established. Deficiency of zinc in man attributable to nutritional factors and several diseased states has been recognized. High phytate content of cereal proteins decreases availability of zinc; thus the prevalence of zinc deficiency is likely to be high in the population subsisting mainly on cereal proteins. Zinc deficiency has been noted to occur in patients with malabsorption syndrome, chronic renal disease, cirrhosis of the liver, sickle cell disease, AE (acrodermatitis enteropathica), and other chronically debilitating diseases. Growth retardation, male hypogonadism, skin changes, poor appetite, mental lethargy, and delayed wound healing are some of the manifestations of chronically zinc-deficient human subjects. In severely zinc-deficient patients, dermatological manifestations, diarrhea, alopecia, mental disturbances, and intercurrent infections predominate. If untreated, the condition becomes fatal. Zinc deficiency affects testicular functions adversely in man and animals. This effect of zinc is at the end-organ level. It appears that zinc is essential for spermatogenesis. Zinc is involved in many biochemical functions. Several zinc metalloenzymes have been recognized in the past decade. Zinc is required for each step of cell cycle in microorganisms and is essential for DNA synthesis. The effect of zinc on protein synthesis may be attributable to its vital role in nucleic acid metabolism. The activities of many zinc-dependent enzymes have been shown to be affected adversely in zinc-deficient tissues.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Clinical and biochemical manifestations of zinc deficiency in human subjects. 258 Aug 77


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