Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023380 (lethargy)
 5,697 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A three-year-old weimaraner was presented with lethargy, anorexia, neck pain and a soft fluctuant swelling in the thoracic inlet. A cough had been noted previously. Clinical examination revealed tachycardia, tachypnoea, pallor and a large subcutaneous swelling, with bruising, suggestive of a haematoma in the thoracic inlet. Thoracic radiographs revealed a cranial mediastinal mass which had the ultrasonographic appearance of fluid, and there was also a marked generalised interstitial lung pattern. Routine haematology revealed severe anaemia and thrombocytopenia, although coagulation tests were within normal limits. A diagnosis of immune-mediated thrombocytopenia was however made on the basis of a positive antiplatelet antibody test and a rapid response to prednisolone therapy. Furthermore, a tentative diagnosis of Angiostrongylus vasorum infection was suggested on the basis of clinical and radiographic findings, although no lungworm larvae were identified on faecal analysis. Despite initiating treatment with fenbendazole, the dog died suddenly. Postmortem examination revealed myocarditis, thrombosing arteritis, pneumonia and chronic membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis associated with A vasorum infection.
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PMID:Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia associated with Angiostrongylus vasorum infection in a dog. 1038 68

Preparturient hypocalcemia was identified in 4 cats in a specific pathogen-free colony between 1995 and 1996. All cats had an acute onset of clinical signs, 3 to 17 days prior to parturition. Signs of depression, weakness, tachypnea, and mild muscle tremors were the most common clinical signs, following by vomiting and anorexia. Additional abnormalities included hypothermia, third eyelid prolapse, dehydration, pallor, lethargy, flaccid paralysis, and hyperexcitability. Hematologic abnormalities included leukocytosis with neutrophilia and lymphopenia. Hypocalcemia was documented in each queen. Common serum biochemical abnormalities included high aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase activities. All cats responded to IV or SC administration of 10% calcium gluconate. Queens were then given calcium orally prior to and following parturition. The queens did not have additional complications for the duration of the gestational or lactational periods.
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PMID:Preparturient hypocalcemia in four cats. 1053 Mar 27

Permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus (PNIDDM) is a rare form of IDDM with unclear etiology and pathogenesis. We determined the incidence and prevalence rates and studied the clinical and biochemical features of PNIDDM in the Sultanate of Oman. The mean incidence rate during the study period from January 1989 to December 1994 was 1.788 +/- 0.82 per 100,000 live births per year. At the end of December 1994 the prevalence rate was 2.4 per 100,000 children below the age of 5 years. They constituted 41.6% of all cases of IDDM in this age group. Diarrhoea, fever, lethargy, poor feeding and failure to thrive were the most common presenting symptoms. Dehydration and tachypnoea were the most common signs. All patients who developed IDDM during the neonatal period had intrauterine growth retardation and 4.5 presented with diabetic ketoacidosis (plasma glucose 37 +/- 9 mmol/L, pH 7.12 +/- 0.1). Hypertriglyceridemia was a constant feature (19.4 +/- 4.8 mmol/L). They were products of consanguineous marriage with significantly high prevalence of IDDM and NIDDM in their family members. None of the infants had clinical or immunological evidence of congenital viral infection. Three of the five children had HLA-DR2, the diabetes resistance alleles. C-peptide secretion was absent during and after metabolic control of hyperglycemia in all the studied infants and none had circulating islet cell antibody at presentation or during the first year after diagnosis. Despite marked growth retardation at birth, there was a significant improvement of growth after initiating insulin therapy. Four of the 5 patients had normal developmental milestones, one had mild developmental delay following a severe and prolonged attack of hypoglycemia. None of the patients had exocrine pancreatic deficiency. In summary, the very high rate of parental consanguinity, occurrence in both sexes and in two siblings in the same family, absence of islet cell antibodies and the presence of HLA-DR2 loci in 3/5 of patients suggest that PNIDDM is a different disease process to standard IDDM in childhood and an autosomal recessive mode of transmission.
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PMID:Permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus: epidemiology, mode of presentation, pathogenesis and growth. 1079 84

This paper describes the clinical and laboratory findings from 264 cases of toxic mastitis in cows in Northern Ireland between October 1995 and May 1997. Nearly all the cases occurred during the winter housing period, with 84 per cent occurring between November and March inclusive, and 30 per cent in March. Sixty per cent of the cases occurred within one month of calving, and 29 per cent within four days of calving. The most common clinical signs were lethargy (92 per cent), discoloured milk (90 per cent), anorexia (72 per cent), tachypnoea (23 per cent), diarrhoea (23 per cent), recumbency (18 per cent) and staggering (15 per cent). Severe pyrexia (18 per cent) and clinical dehydration (44 per cent) were relatively common findings. Pure growths of Escherichia coli were isolated from 50 per cent of the milk samples, but 11 per cent yielded no bacterial growth. In vitro sensitivity tests indicated that enrofloxacin was effective against 98 per cent of the bacteria isolated, and framycetin and amoxycillin/clavulanic acid against 91 per cent. Abnormally high blood urea levels were observed in 31 per cent of cases, high blood creatinine levels in 42 per cent, and severe leucopenia in 56 per cent. Of the cases which were followed up, 14 per cent died, 21 per cent were culled early and a further 22 per cent lost milk production from the affected quarter.
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PMID:Clinical and laboratory findings in cases of toxic mastitis in cows in Northern Ireland. 1095 33

Two, young adult, male pugs presented for spontaneous left-cranial lung lobe torsions. Clinical signs associated with these two cases included increased weakness, increased respiratory effort, tachypnea, acute collapse, lethargy, anorexia, and cyanosis. The torsed lung lobes were excised using a thoracoabdominal stapling device without detorsing the lobes. Both dogs recovered uneventfully, and at least one year postoperatively, no clinical abnormalities were noted by their owners. Results of this report suggest that spontaneous lung lobe torsion in pugs occurs and should be a differential diagnosis for pugs with increased respiratory effort, tachypnea, nonproductive cough, acute collapse, cyanosis, and lethargy. Surgical excision may be curative.
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PMID:Spontaneous lung lobe torsion in two pugs. 1130 May 18

The objective of this study was to evaluate the piglet as a suitable animal model for human diseases of high altitude. We studied 12 piglets, 4-10 weeks old, in a hypobaric chamber under conditions of high altitude at a pressure of 1/2 atmosphere (to approximately 320 Torr) for various periods of time (12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 hours) with continuous monitoring. The animals were decompressed every 24 hours for grooming and feeding. Two animals were studied as nonexposed controls, and one was studied as a control in the chamber without decompression. The animals were euthanized after the exposure, and a complete autopsy was performed. The tissues were then analyzed with light and electron microscopy. The animals all exhibited clinical features of ataxia, tachypnea with Cheyne-Stokes respiration, and lethargy. One animal vomited. The histologic and ultrastructural analysis showed normal organs, particularly lung and brain. The piglet may be a suitable animal model for the study of high altitude-related diseases in humans, but prolonged uninterrupted exposure and a delay in euthanasia after exposure to high altitude may be necessary for the development of reactive pathologic changes.
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PMID:The piglet as an animal model for hypobaric hypoxia. 1199 Jan 83

We used exchange transfusion as an alternative to hemodialysis in an infant with severe salicylism. A 4-mo old, 5 kg male was presented to a local hospital with acute vomiting, tachypnea, hyperpnea and intermittent agitation and lethargy. Shortly after a generalized tonic-clonic seizure he passed several tablets in his stool. Salicylate (ASA) level was 85 mg/dL. He was transferred to our institution for further management: i.v. fluids, activated charcoal, whole bowel irrigation and supplementation with sodium bicarbonate, potassium and calcium. The patient's mental status and gas exchange deteriorated and he was intubated. Despite large amounts of sodium bicarbonate and potassium, severe hypokalemia, anion gap metabolic acidosis and aciduria persisted for 10 h. The small size of the infant precluded use of hemodialysis. An exchange transfusion using 180 mL/kg packed red blood cells reconstituted in fresh frozen plasma was performed. The pre-exchange transfusion ASA level was 70.1 mg/dL; the post-exchange transfusion ASA level was 34.4 mg/dL. There was rebound elevation of ASA to 35.2 mg/dL at 6 h post-exchange transfusion. The 18, 36 and 48 h post-exchange transfusion ASA levels were 20.2, 6.8 and < 2 mg/dL respectively. The ASA level dropped 17.6% before, 41.9% in 8.5 h during, and 40.5% by 48 h after the exchange transfusion. There were no complications. The patient recovered completely to his pre-morbid state. Double volume exchange transfusion was used safely as an effective alternative to hemodialysis in this case of severe infant salicylate poisoning.
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PMID:Exchange transfusion in severe infant salicylism. 1213 72

Forty-six cats with clinical haemobartonellosis were studied; 75 per cent of the cats of known age were two-and-a-half years old or younger, 50 per cent were intact males and 19.5 per cent were castrated males. The predominant signs of the disease were tachypnoea, lethargy, depression, anorexia, infestation with fleas, pale mucous membranes, icterus, emaciation, dehydration, splenomegaly, anaemia, leucocytosis, increased activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, and azotaemia. Thirty-eight per cent of the cats that were tested for feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) antigen were positive, and 22 per cent of those tested for feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) antibodies were positive. The prevalence of both FeLV and FIV was much higher than in the general Israeli cat population. The cats infected with both Haemobartonella felis and FeLV had a significantly lower body temperature, were more anaemic and the mean cell volume of their erythrocytes was greater than in the cats with haemobartonellosis alone.
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PMID:Retrospective study of 46 cases of feline haemobartonellosis in Israel and their relationships with FeLV and FIV infections. 1216 25

Clinical features were evaluated in seven adult cats (six males, one female) with haemorrhage and presumptive anticoagulant rodenticide intoxication. Haemorrhage appeared as thoracic haemorrhage, otic bleeding, haematoma, melena, haematochezia, and petechiation. The most common other presenting signs were lethargy, anorexia, and tachypnoea or dyspnoea. Six cats were anaemic, four cats were mildly thrombocytopenic (58000-161000/ microL), and three had slightly decreased plasma protein or albumin values. The prothrombin time (30.3->100 s, reference range: 16.5-27.5 s) and activated partial thromboplastin time values (32.6->100 s; reference range: 14-25 s) were markedly prolonged in all cats. All cats received vitamin K(1)subcutaneously or orally (3.7-5 mg/kg body weight initially) and depending on severity of signs five cats were transfused with fresh whole blood. Plasma coagulation times improved in all cats and returned to normal in 1-5 days. Rodenticide poisons represent an important but relatively rare cause of haemorrhage in cats and can be effectively treated.
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PMID:Haemorrhage in seven cats with suspected anticoagulant rodenticide intoxication. 1294 5

A seven-year-old flat-coated retriever presented with a history of lethargy, dyspnoea and inappetence of several days' duration. Clinical examination revealed pale mucous membranes and tachypnoea, and haematology demonstrated marked autoagglutination. Thoracic radiographs revealed an increased opacity in the perihilar region. The owners declined further evaluation and the dog was treated symptomatically with immunosuppressive doses of prednisolone and azathioprine. The dog's demeanour improved, although it was eventually euthanased seven weeks later because of dysphagia and worsening dyspnoea. Postmortem examination revealed a widespread, poorly differentiated sarcoma involving the lungs, pericardium, thoracic lymph nodes and spleen. Immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia is a well recognised condition in dogs and is occasionally associated with neoplastic conditions. This is the first case report to describe immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia associated with a diffuse, poorly differentiated sarcoma.
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PMID:Immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia associated with a sarcoma in a flat-coated retriever. 1475 5


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