Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023380 (lethargy)
 5,697 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Four normal adult dogs received two consecutive weekly cycles of human recombinant interleukin-2 (IL-2) by continuous infusion for 4 days/week. The dose of IL-2 given to each dog was 3 x 10(6) units m-2 day-1. Toxicities consisted of mild vomiting, diarrhea, and lethargy to varying degrees in all the dogs. These side-effects were reversed when the treatment was discontinued. Fever, tachypnea, and weight gain were not seen. A marked lymphocytosis and eosinophilia developed in all dogs after completion of each course of IL-2 (resulting in a more than sevenfold increase in each cell type) and persisted for more than 1 month in some. Fresh peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) obtained during this lymphocytosis mediated enhanced in vitro lysis of a natural-killer-cell-sensitive canine tumor cell line (CTAC). The in vitro proliferative responses of these same PBL to IL-2 could be detected earlier, progressed faster, and involved more cells than PBL tested prior to IL-2 infusion. Thus, a relatively well-tolerated regime of IL-2 in dogs can induce dramatic increases in lymphocyte numbers and activation, which is associated with augmentation of their in vitro antitumor reactivity. The clinical effectiveness of this immunotherapeutic approach remains to be tested in tumor-bearing dogs where it could serve as a relevant large-animal model for immunotherapy of cancer with IL-2.
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PMID:Clinical and immunological effects of human recombinant interleukin-2 given by repetitive weekly infusion to normal dogs. 804 33

A 2-year-old Collie-type dog with lethargy, tachycardia, tachypnea, and muscle tremors was examined 10 hours after the dog had bitten into an inhalation canister containing the beta 2-adrenergic agonist, terbutaline sulfate. Electrocardiographic findings (ventricular premature contractions and paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia) were consistent with excessive adrenergic activity resulting from terbutaline toxicosis. Serum terbutaline concentration was similar to that reported in human beings with terbutaline toxicosis. The dog did not respond to initial treatment with fluids and lidocaine administered IV, but rapid resolution of signs and conversion to normal sinus rhythm was achieved after IV infusion of propranolol.
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PMID:Terbutaline toxicosis in a dog. 807 36

A 16-month-old Charolais bull was examined because of acute onset of scrotal and hind limb edema, fever, tachycardia, tachypnea, anorexia, and lethargy. Scrotal circumference on initial examination was 48 cm. Clinicopathologic abnormalities included microcytic, normochromic anemia and numerous Eperythrozoon organisms in blood smears. Results of immunohistochemical staining of a skin biopsy specimen suggested that the edema was the result of an Arthus-type reaction. Semen quality deteriorated rapidly, and the bull was aspermic within 7 days. The bull was treated with oxytetracycline, and the anemia and edema gradually subsided. Eperythrozoon organisms were not detected in blood smears after 3 days. Six months after initial examination, results of physical examination and semen evaluation were normal. We hypothesize that scrotal edema caused failure of testicular thermoregulation, resulting in transient production of abnormal sperm and infertility.
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PMID:Infertility associated with Eperythrozoon wenyonii infection in a bull. 814 88

Medical records of 35 cattle with small-intestinal volvulus were reviewed. Surgical correction was performed on 32 cattle, and 17 of these cattle were discharged from the hospital. Mean duration of clinical signs for survivors was not significantly different from that for nonsurvivors, and the most commonly recorded clinical signs were abdominal pain, anorexia, lethargy, abdominal distention, and dehydration. Physical examination of cattle with intestinal volvulus revealed tachycardia, tachypnea, and normothermia. Rectal examination findings included distended small intestine, scant feces or mucus, and tight bands coursing dorsoventrally in the middle portion of the abdomen. Clinicopathologic testing revealed azotemia, hypocalcemia, hyperglycemia, and leukocytosis with a left shift. Nonsurvivors had significantly lower mean preoperative venous blood pH and mean base excess and higher mean serum potassium concentration than did survivors. A diagnosis of volvulus of the entire small intestine was made during surgery in 25 cattle, whereas volvulus of the distal jejunum and ileum was diagnosed during surgery in 7 cattle. Survival rate following surgical correction of volvulus of the entire small intestine (44%) was not significantly different from survival rate following surgical correction of volvulus of the distal jejunum and ileum (86%). However, survival rate for dairy cattle (63%) was significantly higher than survival rate for beef cattle (22%). To determine potential risk factors for the development of small-intestinal volvulus, epidemiologic data from cattle admitted to veterinary teaching hospitals throughout North America were collected by searching records entered into the Veterinary Medical Data Base.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Small-intestinal volvulus in cattle: 35 cases (1967-1992). 824 69

Respiratory tract infections are prevalent in foals, yet the frequency with which the distal airways are affected in clinical episodes of respiratory tract disease has not been evaluated to our knowledge. The objective of the study was to determine the incidence of distal respiratory tract infection (DRTI) in foals on a sample of Thoroughbred breeding farms (n = 10) in Ontario. In a pilot study, clinical criteria commonly used to select foals for antimicrobial treatment (detection of abnormal lung sounds, plus nasal discharge, cough, fever, tachypnea, and/or lethargy) were found to segregate foals with and without endoscopically confirmed DRTI. Mucopurulent exudate and bronchial erythema were observed more frequently (P < 0.005), bronchial lavage total cell count and neutrophil concentration were significantly (P < 0.005) higher, and intracellular cocci were recovered significantly (P < 0.01) more often from bronchial lavage samples of affected foals (n = 8) than of controls (n = 8). These clinical criteria were used to identify cases in a cohort of Thoroughbred foals (n = 219) from May 1 to October 30, 1991. Case morbidity adjusted for clustering was 82 +/- 5% (95% confidence limits, 72 to 92%). Most (74%) episodes of clinical DRTI were detected in July and August, and equal numbers were detected before (53%) and after (47%) weaning of foals. Of 178 cases, 66 (48%) were selected at random for endoscopy and bronchial lavage. Grade-II pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia was observed commonly (60% of foals); auditory tube diverticulum (guttural pouch) discharge was observed in 18 of 86 (21%) foals, and guttural pouch infection was confirmed in 6 of 7 foals examined endoscopically.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Clinical and endoscopic study to estimate the incidence of distal respiratory tract infection in thoroughbred foals on Ontario breeding farms. 825 Mar 84

We studied 57 infants < or = 14 days of age referred for possible enterovirus (EV) infection to assess the accuracy of that clinical diagnosis and describe the natural history of neonatal EV infection. Twenty-nine neonates proved to have EV infection, 23 had illnesses compatible with (but not proven to be) EV infection, and 5 had alternative diagnoses: bacterial infections (2); herpes simplex virus infection (1); and metabolic disorders (2). Neonates with proved EV infection were generally full term and had uncomplicated immediate postnatal periods but high percentages of ill contacts. Neonatal symptoms and signs included fever, irritability, anorexia, lethargy, hypoperfusion, rash, jaundice and respiratory findings. Laboratory abnormalities included cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis, chest radiograph infiltrates, abnormal urinalyses and elevated transaminases. EVs were most commonly isolated from CSF and rectum/stool but also frequently from serum and urine. Five EV-infected patients had severe multisystem disease (pneumonitis, hepatitis, thrombocytopenia, bleeding and meningitis), requiring supportive care and lengthy hospitalizations. All survived, 2 with residual hepatic dysfunction. Markers of severe disease included: early age of illness onset (especially Day 1 of life); maternal viral symptoms at delivery; absence of fever and irritability; tachypnea; lethargy; abdominal distension; hepatomegaly; and positive serum viral culture. These data support conservative management of ill infants < or = 2 weeks of age and suggest that antiviral therapy for neonatal EV infection would be optimally targeted at infants with early onset illness, multisystem disease and/or viremia.
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PMID:Profile of enterovirus disease in the first two weeks of life. 828 18

The Lelystad virus or one of two US isolates (VR2385, VR2431) of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus were given intranasally to 25 4-week-old cesarian-derived colostrum-deprived pigs. Pigs from these groups were necropsied at 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 21, or 28 days postinoculation. The Lelystad virus and VR2431 induced mild transient pyrexia, dyspnea, and tachypnea. VR2385 induced labored and rapid abdominal respiration, pyrexia, lethargy, anorexia, and patchy dermal cyanosis. All three isolates induced multifocal tan-mottled consolidation involving 6.8% (n = 9; SEM = 3.4) of the lung for Lelystad, 9.7% (n = 9, SEM = 2.7) of the lung for VR2431, and 54.2% (n = 9, SEM = 4.4) of the lung for VR2385 at 10 days postinoculation. Characteristic microscopic lung lesions consisted of type 2 pneumocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia, necrotic debris and increased mixed inflammatory cells in alveolar spaces, and alveolar septal infiltration with mononuclear cells. Lymphadenopathy with follicular hypertrophy, hyperplasia, and necrosis was consistently seen. Similar follicular lesions were also seen in Peyer's patches and tonsils. Lymphohistiocytic myocarditis and encephalitis were reproduced with all three isolates. Clinical respiratory disease and gross and microscopic lung lesion scores were considerably and significantly more severe in the VR2385-inoculated pigs. All three viruses were readily isolated from sera, lungs, and tonsils throughout the 28 days of the study. The lymphoid and respiratory systems have the most remarkable lesions and appear to be the major site of replication of these viruses. This work demonstrated a marked difference in pathogenicity of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome isolates.
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PMID:Comparison of the pathogenicity of two US porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolates with that of the Lelystad virus. 859

The patient was born by emergency cesarean section for fetal distress at 35 weeks gestation with a weight of 2740 g. The early neonatal course was complicated by transient tachypnea and renal failure. He was receiving oxygen and diureticus in incubator for 5 days and his condition was very improved on day 5. On day 7 he became lethargy and there was inability to tolerate feeding. Investigation of the cerebrospinal fluid revealed 8,000 leukocytes/microliter. S. marcescens was grown from cultures of both blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Treatment was started with cefotaxime and ampicillin every 6 hour. On day 14 the CT showed a brain abscess located parietooccipitally on the left side and diffuse infarction on the right side. On day 14 and 23 recurrence of increased leukocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid, high values of serum CRP and deterioration of clinical symptoms were observed. It is thought that the episodes show rupture of the abscess into the lateral ventricle. On day 55 surgical drainage was performed for the hydrocephalus. On day 110 the abscess was not found in the brain CT scan. His psychomotor development 3 years later was equivalent to two years old and he had secondary epilepsy.
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PMID:[Serratia marcescens brain abscess in a newborn]. 978 May 89

Recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of inborn errors of metabolism have improved substantially the prognosis for many of these conditions. This makes it essential that the practicing pediatrician be familiar with the clinical presentation of these disorders. A practical clinical approach to the recognition of inborn errors of metabolism in the young infant is presented in this review. Indications for specific laboratory studies are discussed. Guidelines are provided for the stabilization and emergency treatment of critically ill infants. This approach will identify those infants who will benefit from additional evaluation and specific treatment. Many of the inborn errors of metabolism, including urea cycle defects, organic acidemias, and certain disorders of amino acid metabolism, present in the young infant with symptoms of an acute or chronic metabolic encephalopathy. Typical symptoms include lethargy, poor feeding, apnea or tachypnea, and recurrent vomiting. Metabolic acidosis and/or hyperammonemia are observed in many of these conditions, but there are notable exceptions, including nonketotic hyperglycinemia and molybdenum co-factor deficiency. Therefore, appropriate laboratory testing for metabolic disorders should be performed in any infant who exhibits these findings. Although sepsis may be the initial consideration in a neonate with these symptoms, inborn errors of metabolism should always be in the differential diagnosis, particularly in a full-term infant with no specific risk factors. Hypoglycemia may be the predominant finding in a number of inborn errors of metabolism, including glycogen storage disorders, defects in gluconeogenesis, and fatty acid oxidation defects. The latter disorders, among the most common encountered, exhibit marked clinical variability and also may present as a sudden death, a Reye's-like episode, or a cardiomyopathy. Jaundice or other evidence of hepatic dysfunction is the mode of presentation of another important group of inborn errors of metabolism including galactosemia, hereditary tyrosinemia, neonatal hemochromatosis, and a number of other conditions. A subset of lysosomal storage disorders may present very early with coarse facial features, organomegaly, or even hydrops fetalis. Specific patterns of dysmorphic features and congenital anomalies characterize yet another group of inherited metabolic disorders, such as Zellweger syndrome and the Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome. Each of these symptom complexes, and the appropriate evaluation of the affected infants, is discussed in more detail in this review.
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PMID:Inborn errors of metabolism in infancy: a guide to diagnosis. 983 97

A 14-month-old shorthaired cat was presented to the Animal Hospital in Skara, Sweden, with a two-day history of lethargy, anorexia and tachypnoea. Clinical examination and laboratory investigations revealed fever, dehydration, tick infestation, neutrophilia with left shift, lymphopenia, hyperglycaemia and intracytoplasmic neutrophilic Ehrlichia inclusions. After treatment with intravenous doxycycline and lactated Ringer's solution the temperature returned to normal. Oral treatment with doxycycline continued for 20 days. The ehrlichiosis diagnosis was confirmed by serology, polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing. No relapse was observed during the eight-month follow-up period. The granulocytotropic Ehrlichia strain found in the cat was later characterised by analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence which showed 100 per cent identity to DNA sequences found in Swedish canine and equine granulocytotropic Ehrlichia strains. This is, to the best of the authors' knowledge, the first reported case of granulocytic ehrlichiosis in a cat.
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PMID:Feline granulocytic ehrlichiosis--a report of a new clinical entity and characterisation of the infectious agent. 1009 38


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