Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023380 (lethargy)
 5,697 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Effects of restricted tube-feeding (25% of energy requirements) of protein, lipid, or carbohydrates on body weight loss; hematologic and clinical chemical variables; plasma lipid and amino acid concentrations; nitrogen balance; and hepatic histologic features and lipid concentrations were compared with values in voluntary-fasting cats (control, CON). Twelve obese cats (6.1 +/- 0.1 kg, > 40% above optimal body weight) were randomly assigned to 4 matched treatment groups (n = 3)--protein (PRO), lipid (LIP), carbohydrate (CHO), and CON--and were offered a low-palatability diet for 4 weeks. Cats of the PRO, LIP, and CHO groups were also tube-fed isocaloric amounts (88 kcal of metabolizable energy) of a casein-soybean protein mixture, corn oil, or a dextrin-dextrose mixture, respectively, during the 4 weeks. All cats fasted, rather than eat the low-palatability purified diet. Cats of the PRO group lost weight at a lower rate (P < 0.05) than did cats of other groups. After 4 weeks of fasting, serum alkaline phosphatase activities were higher than reference values in all cats of the CON and LIP groups and in 2 cats of the CHO group. At that time, 1 cat of the LIP group had lethargy, hepatomegaly, and hyperbilirubinemia. Total hepatic lipid and triglyceride concentrations increased in all groups during the study, but the increase was significantly (P < 0.05) less in cats of the PRO group, compared with those of the CON and LIP groups, and those of the CHO group, compared with those of the LIP group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effects of protein, lipid, or carbohydrate supplementation on hepatic lipid accumulation during rapid weight loss in obese cats. 799 98

Late onset of symptoms in a 12 1/2-year-old male with ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency were associated with unusual histological features in the liver. The patient presented with an acute onset of hyperammonemia and altered mental status after a 2-day prodrome of vomiting and lethargy. Physical examination showed a combative and disoriented male with icteric sclerae but with no fever or hepatomegaly. The plasma ammonia level was 282 microM. Enzyme assays of liver tissue obtained by percutaneous needle biopsy showed OTC activity of approximately 3% of normal; carbamyl phosphate synthetase was normal. Histopathological findings included severe microvesicular centrilobular steatosis. Hepatic architecture and reticulin framework were well preserved. Many hepatocyte nuclei were filled with glycogen. Electron microscopy showed mitochondria that were rounded and expanded with cristae at the edge of the mitochondrial membrane. In contrast to other reports, only slight variations in size and shape were seen. Megamitochondria and intramatrical paracrystalline inclusions were not identified. The cytoplasm contained scattered fat globules, peroxisomes, and dilated smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The prominent mitochondrial abnormalities commonly found in OTC deficiency were notably absent.
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PMID:Histopathological findings in a male with late-onset ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency. 800 87

The results of clinical and radiographic examinations of 15 dogs with confirmed malignant histiocytosis (MH) were reviewed. The most common clinical signs were anorexia (14 dogs), weight loss (13 dogs), lethargy (13 dogs), anaemia (11 dogs), and dyspnoea and/or coughing (8 dogs). Radiographs revealed abnormalities in all dogs, either intrathoracic (pulmonary nodules or consolidation [7 dogs], mediastinal masses [10 dogs], and incidentally pleural effusion [3 dogs]) or abdominal (hepatomegaly [6 dogs] and splenomegaly [2 dogs]), or both. MH occurs relatively frequently in Bernese Mountain dogs. Both clinical and radiographic signs are non-specific, but when they are present in a middle-aged Bernese Mountain dog, MH should be included in the differential diagnosis.
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PMID:Clinical and radiographic manifestations of canine malignant histiocytosis. 826 26

We studied 57 infants < or = 14 days of age referred for possible enterovirus (EV) infection to assess the accuracy of that clinical diagnosis and describe the natural history of neonatal EV infection. Twenty-nine neonates proved to have EV infection, 23 had illnesses compatible with (but not proven to be) EV infection, and 5 had alternative diagnoses: bacterial infections (2); herpes simplex virus infection (1); and metabolic disorders (2). Neonates with proved EV infection were generally full term and had uncomplicated immediate postnatal periods but high percentages of ill contacts. Neonatal symptoms and signs included fever, irritability, anorexia, lethargy, hypoperfusion, rash, jaundice and respiratory findings. Laboratory abnormalities included cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis, chest radiograph infiltrates, abnormal urinalyses and elevated transaminases. EVs were most commonly isolated from CSF and rectum/stool but also frequently from serum and urine. Five EV-infected patients had severe multisystem disease (pneumonitis, hepatitis, thrombocytopenia, bleeding and meningitis), requiring supportive care and lengthy hospitalizations. All survived, 2 with residual hepatic dysfunction. Markers of severe disease included: early age of illness onset (especially Day 1 of life); maternal viral symptoms at delivery; absence of fever and irritability; tachypnea; lethargy; abdominal distension; hepatomegaly; and positive serum viral culture. These data support conservative management of ill infants < or = 2 weeks of age and suggest that antiviral therapy for neonatal EV infection would be optimally targeted at infants with early onset illness, multisystem disease and/or viremia.
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PMID:Profile of enterovirus disease in the first two weeks of life. 828 18

Propylthiouracil (PTU) is widely used to treat patients with hyperthyroidism. In rare cases, this drug has been found to have severe toxic effects on the liver. The case of a 14-year-old girl treated with PTU for hyperthyroidism who developed jaundice, severe hepatocellular dysfunction, and hepatomegaly is reported. Her condition gradually deteriorated, and she developed paranoid ideation, profound lethargy, and peripheral edema. After three weeks of prednisone therapy, clinical and laboratory signs of improvement were observed. This patient was one of only five pediatric cases among the 16 reported cases of PTU liver toxicity reported to date. Her history and the fatal outcome in some reported cases demonstrate the high degree of sensitivity required to recognize this potential complication in patients treated with PTU, particularly since its immediate discontinuance and steroid-therapy intervention may lead to recovery.
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PMID:Propylthiouracil hepatotoxicity. A review and case presentation. 841 95

Histoplasma capsulatum organisms were identified by cytologic evaluation in the thoracic and abdominal effusions of a 5-year-old sexually intact male Cocker Spaniel that was referred because of anorexia and lethargy. Treatment with amphotericin B and ketoconazole was instituted. The dog developed respiratory arrest, a complication of the disseminated disease, and died. Necropsy findings included pleural effusion, hepatomegaly, and enlarged tracheobronchial, hilar, mediastinal, and mesenteric lymph nodes. Granulomas containing periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive yeast-like organisms identified as H capsulatum were seen in the lungs, liver, and lymph nodes. The lymphatic vessels were dilated, and fibrosis of the portal and periportal regions of the liver was noticed. Identification of Histoplasma organisms by cytologic examination of pleural and abdominal effusions is a rare laboratory finding and can provide a minimally invasive and inexpensive definitive diagnosis of histoplasmosis.
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PMID:Identification of Histoplasma capsulatum organisms in the pleural and peritoneal effusions of a dog. 844 Jun 37

A 3-year-old boy had recurrent episodes of lethargy, encephalopathy, and hepatomegaly accompanied by hypoglycemia, elevated liver aminotransferase and creatine kinase values, and nonketotic dicarboxylic aciduria; the serum carnitine level was moderately reduced. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II activity was decreased in lymphocytes and fibroblasts. Therapy with L-carnitine and a diet low in long-chain triglycerides did not prevent recurrent episodes.
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PMID:Recurrent metabolic decompensation in profound carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency. 828 68

Tularemia was diagnosed in 2 cats that were examined because of pyrexia and lethargy; both cats had a history of exposure to wild rabbits. One cat was vomiting, and the other was anorectic. Physical examination revealed dehydration, lymphadenopathy, and hepatomegaly. Hematologic and serum biochemical abnormalities included toxic neutrophils, high band neutrophil count, thrombocytopenia, and hyperbilirubinemia. Diagnosis was confirmed by isolating Francisella tularensis subsp tularensis from bone marrow or lymph node aspirates. Evaluation of samples collected during the acute and convalescent phases of the disease revealed an increase in serum F tularensis antibody titer. Both cats responded to treatment with fluids and antibiotics.
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PMID:Tularemia in two cats. 942 84

A 6-mo-old male Savannah monitor lizard (Varanus exanthematicus) was presented for lethargy and anorexia of 7 days duration. Physical examination revealed a slightly raised subcutaneous mass (1 cm diameter) in the left scapular area. Fine-needle aspiration cytology of the mass revealed a population of immature, pleomorphic lymphoid cells consistent with lymphosarcoma. A hemogram indicated marked leukocytosis (465,000 cells/microl) characterized by extreme lymphocytosis and many circulating lymphoid blast cells. The lizard was euthanized at the owner's request. Necropsy revealed severe hepatomegaly and multiple raised, ulcerated mural masses in the gastrointestinal tract. There were many raised, poorly demarcated tan foci in all the parenchymal organs. Histopathologic examination confirmed infiltration of all parenchymal organs by neoplastic lymphoid cells. Transmission electron microscopic examination failed to identify viruses within the neoplastic cells. A literature review revealed few reports of squamate leukemia and lymphosarcoma and none in Savannah monitor lizards.
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PMID:Lymphosarcoma with leukemic blood profile in a Savannah monitor lizard (Varanus exanthematicus). 1036 59

3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl coenzyme A lyase (HMG-CoA) deficiency is a rare inborn error of leucine catabolism. The disease is characterized by recurrent episodes of metabolic acidosis, hyperammonemia without ketosis, hypoglycemia, lethargy, hepatomegaly, and seizures. This study has evaluated the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) findings of three patients with HMG-CoA deficiency. The common findings on all of the MRI scans were multiple, coalescent, marked lesions in periventricular white matter and arcuate fibers, most prominently in frontal or periatrial regions that were superimposed on diffuse, slightly hyperintense subcortical white matter signal. Involvement of the caudate nucleus and the dentate nucleus were observed in the reported patients. MRS studies by both STEAM and PRESS spectra of all patients revealed a decrease in N-acetylaspartate and elevation in both myoinositol and choline. A pathologic peak at 1.33 ppm, which is compatible with lactate, and a particular peak at 2.42 ppm in all patients were also found. The combination of both MRI and MRS findings could be considered as being specific in patients with HMG-CoA lyase deficiency.
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PMID:MRI and MRS in HMG-CoA lyase deficiency. 1037 84


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