Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023380 (lethargy)
 5,697 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Water hemlock is a ubiquitous plant that can be mistaken for a turnip as in the case reported. Oral ingestion causes an explosive illness consisting of nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and grand mal seizures that can progress to cyanosis and death. In the reported case a 30-year old man was found semi-comatose some 75 minutes after ingesting a "turnip". The history revealed profuse emesis shortly after eating lunch that changed from bile to frank blood. There was a mean orthostatic blood pressure change of 30 torr, with an increase in the heart rate of 10%. Neurologic examination revealed a lethargic patient. Following administration of 4 liters of Ringer's lactate the patient's blood pressure stabilized and with continued isotonic fluid maintenance he improved rapidly. This case indicates that appropriate management should be directed toward protecting the patient's airway from gastric aspiration, restoring the intravascular and extracellular volume deficit, and controlling cerebral edema.
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PMID:A case of water hemlock poisoning. 49 28

Fischer 344 rats and B6C3F1 mice were fed diets that contained 0.03, 0.06, 0.1 and 0.2% 4,4'-oxydianiline for 13 weeks. The 0.1 to 0.2% diet caused 40 to 70% mortality in female rats. Although mice ate about 3.5 times more chemical than rats, no mice died. Alopecia, dyspnea and cyanosis in rats, and lethargy in both species occurred in the 0.1 to 0.2% groups. Goiter was found in rats that died as early as the 4th to 5th week of study in the groups given the 0.06 to 0.1% diet. At the end of the study, diffuse parenchymatous goiter was seen in all rats given the 0.06% and higher concentration diets and in most mice given the 0.2% diet. In rats, the thyroids also were heavily encapsulated and had interstitial fibrosis and vascular degeneration. There was concomitant hyperplasia of pituitary basophils in both species, but an increase of cells that secrete thyrotropin was seen in rats only.
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PMID:The goitrogenic effect of 4,4'-oxydianiline in rats and mice. 71 59

One infant with congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis developed severe hypoglycemia with lethargy, irritability, cyanosis, and convulsions in the immediate postoperative period after Fredet-Ramstedt pyloromytomy. A likely hypothesis for this mechanism has been reported as hepatic glycogen depletion secondary to malnutrition. Any infant with malnutrition, from whatever cause, should be assumed to have glycogen depletion, and repletion should be started and continued with all intravenous fluids given during the preoperative period. Hypoglycemia should be suspected when an infant develops any unusual or unexplained symptoms or findings in the immediate postoperative period. Prompt and intensive treatment with intravenous hypertonic glucose infusion must be begun and continued until blood glucose determinations remain at a safe level with oral feedings alone.
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PMID:Postoperative hypoglycemia in congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. 111 56

The clinical syndrome of a new disease of pigs in four herds in the Humberside area is described. The first signs of the disease were anorexia, lethargy and pyrexia with up to 60 per cent of the dry sows affected. These signs were followed by an increased incidence of abortions which occurred in up to 3.3 per cent of sows, premature farrowings in up to 20.6 per cent of sows and stillbirths and late mummification which affected up to 26.0 and 18.8 per cent of fetuses, respectively. Mortality in neonatal and pre-weaning pigs reached up to 88 per cent and respiratory disease of high morbidity and low mortality occurred in fattening pigs. There were infertility problems in sows, with an increase in returns to service and a failure to show oestrus after weaning or aborting. The signs of the disease in boars were anorexia and malaise. Cyanosis of the extremities affected up to 2 per cent of the animals. The outbreak lasted 11 weeks in all the herds.
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PMID:An outbreak of blue-eared pig disease (porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome) in four pig herds in Great Britain. 141 21

The familial transmission risk of developing bipolar disorder for first=degree relatives of the patient is 1.5-10.2%, however, the risk of any affective primary disorder is 15-20% in such relatives. Pregnancy places additional stress on patients, and physiological changes are particularly acute during postpartum. The risk of abnormalities and teratogenicity from psychotropic drugs is significant: taking of phenothiazines, tricyclic antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, benzodiazepines, lithium, valproate, and clonazepam require extreme caution. In 225 pregnancies exposed to lithium in the 1st trimester congenital malformations occurred in 11%. Premature birth and macrosomia may also increase, thus halting lithium well before planned conception with weekly serum monitoring is advised. Recurrence of the illness can be managed by electroconvulsive therapy. About 40% of patients can experience postpartum mania or depression. Taking drugs up to delivery can result in behavioral teratogenesis in the neonate even in the absence of physical malformations. Lithium toxicity causes lethargy, hypotonia, tachycardia, coma, cyanosis, and chronic twitching in the newborn. Breast feeding is discouraged in women taking lithium because of the high rate of transmission to the infant. The stress of parenting can also trigger relapses of the disease. The deleterious effect of a manic or depressive mother on the child's development is manifested in criticism and stressing achievement often leads to low self-esteem. It behooves the psychiatrist to frankly reveal the risks of pregnancy to couples who wish to have a child or to advise about the pregnancy to term so they can make an informed decision.
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PMID:Family planning for women with bipolar disorder. 158 11

The clinical features and haematologic indices of 100 young infants aged 3 months and below, admitted with suspected bacterial infections, were analysed. Fever, lethargy, hepatomegaly, poor feeding and irritability were the commonest features for suspecting a bacterial infection in these infants. However, the features significantly associated with bacterial infections were respiratory distress and cyanosis. Of the haematologic indices commonly associated with bacterial infections, only C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were significantly predictive compared to leukocyte counts, absolute neutrophil counts and nitro-blue tetrazolium tests. When used in combination, a raised C-reactive protein with erythrocyte sedimentation rate, a raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate with abnormal leukocyte counts and a raised C-reactive protein with abnormal leukocyte counts were significantly associated with bacterial infections.
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PMID:Clinical features and haematological indices of bacterial infections in young infants. 162 Nov 14

Nitrates are frequently found in vegetables and ground water. Nitrate levels in ground water have increased over the past two decades because of the heightened use of nitrogenous fertilizers. Following ingestion, nitrates are converted to nitrites by fecal organisms. Nitrites are absorbed and form methemoglobin, which interferes with the oxygen-carrying capacity of hemoglobin. Infants are particularly susceptible to nitrate poisoning because fetal hemoglobin is more readily oxidized to methemoglobin. In infants, the most common source of nitrate exposure is well water, which is mixed with infant formula. Affected infants may present with asymptomatic cyanosis, which can progress to dyspnea and lethargy or coma. Blood methemoglobin concentrations are elevated. Treatment consists of the administration of oxygen and intravenous and oral methylene blue.
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PMID:Methemoglobinemia: nitrate toxicity in rural America. 162 30

From January 1981 to December 1988, we collected 11 cases of neonatal meningitis caused by Flavobacterium meningosepticum. The 6 male and 5 female newborns ranged from 3 days to 20 days old. Birth body weight varied from 1100 gm to 3600 gm. Seven cases were premature or small for date. Nosocomial infection was noted in 7 of these 11 cases. Clinically, lethargy and poor activity were the most common symptoms. Cyanosis, fever and convulsion were the next. There were 9 cases showing pleocytosis, increased protein and decreased glucose level in the cerebrospinal fluid examination. The organisms isolated in all 11 cases were susceptible to piperacillin, resistant to ampicillin, aminoglycosides and cephalosporin. Five patients were treated with antibiotics other than piperacillin for 5 to 18 days. Three patients died; hydrocephalus was the cause of death in 2 of them. Two patients were discharged against advice. Among the remaining 6 cases we gave piperacillin for 3 weeks, one case developed hydrocephalus but eventually succumbed to K. pneumoniae sepsis. Out of five surviving cases, 3 developed hydrocephalus (VP shunt performed in two). The other two patients were discharged without neurological deficit. In conclusion, neonatal Flavobacterium meningosepticum meningitis was more frequent in premature or small for date babies, and it usually appeared in nosocomial infection. The prognosis was poor and piperacillin was proved to be the drug of choice.
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PMID:[Clinical observation of neonatal meningitis caused by flavobacterium meningosepticum]. 177 41

Acute (single dose), 2-week, and 3-month toxicology studies were conducted with detirelix, a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) antagonist, in rats and cynomolgus monkeys. Acute studies were conducted by intravenous and subcutaneous injection. Subchronic studies were conducted by daily subcutaneous injection. Clinical signs after a single intravenous dose included lethargy, edema, cyanosis, pallor, and red ears in rats at greater than or equal to 0.3 mg/kg and lethargy and facial flushing in monkeys at greater than or equal to 0.5 mg/kg. In subchronic studies, detirelix at greater than or equal to 0.4 mg/kg/day (rats) and at greater than or equal to 0.2 mg/kg/day (monkeys) produced atrophy of the reproductive organs, inhibition of ovulation and spermatogenesis, decreased body weight gain in male rats and monkeys, and increased body weight gain in female rats. In the rat, morbidity and/or mortality occurred throughout the treatment phase at a subcutaneous dose of greater than or equal to 2.0 mg/kg/day. In both species, the time to recovery of normal reproductive organ morphology and function was directly related to dose. Exogenous testosterone decreased the severity of reproductive and body weight effects in male rats. In conclusion, the acute effects of detirelix were consistent with peripheral vasodilation. Subchronic effects were associated with inhibition of pituitary gonadotropic and gonadal hormone secretion.
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PMID:Acute and subchronic toxicity studies with detirelix, a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone antagonist, in the rat and monkey. 179 54

We performed a 5-year review of 40 patients less than or equal to 30 days of age with viral pneumonia. Isolates included respiratory syncytial virus (55%), enteroviruses (15%), rhinoviruses (15%), adenoviruses (10%), parainfluenza virus (7.5%) and herpes simplex virus (5%). Most infants were previously healthy but had ill family members. Nine were born at less than 37 weeks of gestation. Symptoms and signs included tachypnea, decreased feeding, cough, cyanosis, lethargy, retractions, apnea, bradycardia, seizures and depressed consciousness. Seasonality and clinical features, but not radiographic patterns, suggested specific pathogens. Patients were moderately to severely ill. The median duration of hospitalization was 7 days; therapies administered included oxygen (90%), mechanical ventilation (45%), blood transfusions (25%) and supplemental oxygen after discharge (27%). The case fatality rate was 7.5%. Prematurity, ill appearance at presentation, lobar consolidation and adenovirus infection were risk factors for severe disease.
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PMID:Viral pneumonia in the first month of life. 217 40


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