Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023380 (lethargy)
 5,697 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Clinical signs of severe bronchopneumonia, including anorexia, coughing, nasal discharge, dyspnoea, diarrhoea, distension of the neck, lethargy, recumbency, lameness preceding collapse, and death were observed among a herd of Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle. The outbreak occurred over a 30-day period, and attack and case-fatality rates were 0.4% and 50%, respectively. At necropsy, extensive consolidation in the cranioventral parts of the lungs was observed. Histologically, a severe acute bronchopneumonia with slight pleuritis was present. Both pathological and bacteriological evaluation of the lungs incriminated Histophilus somni (heavy growth). Supplementary laboratory investigations also isolated Clostridium and Klebsiella species (scanty growth) from the lungs. Histophilosis in cattle was confirmed for the first time in Nigeria.
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PMID:The first report of Histophilus somni pneumonia in Nigerian dairy cattle. 1844 35

The effects of a single-dose recombinant Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) open reading frame 2 (ORF2) subunit vaccine were studied in a post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS)-affected pig herd. A total of 1519 3-week-old piglets were allocated randomly into two treatment groups and either vaccinated against PCV2 or treated with a placebo. Study animals were followed from the time of vaccination until the end of finishing. Onset of PCV2 viraemia and clinical signs of PMWS (wasting, cough, dyspnoea, pallor and lethargy) were observed when animals were approximately 9-10 weeks old. Compared to placebo-treated animals, vaccinated animals had a significantly reduced PCV2 viral load and duration of viraemia (p < 0.0001). This reduction in viraemia was not affected by the level of maternal anti-PCV2 antibodies present at the time of vaccination. During the period of viraemia (10-26 weeks of age) vaccinated animals exhibited a 53% reduction in mortality rate (p = 0.0010), a 4.84 kg higher body weight gain (p < 0.0001) and a significant reduction in clinical signs (p < or = 0.0004). Furthermore, lung samples of vaccinated animals had a considerably reduced number of co-infections with PRRSV and Mycoplasma hyorhinis than lung samples of placebo-treated animals. These data indicate that vaccination against PCV2 alone protects pigs from clinical signs and co-infections associated with PMWS.
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PMID:Reduction of PMWS-associated clinical signs and co-infections by vaccination against PCV2. 1851 42

A five-month-old female Jack Russell terrier was presented for investigation of acute lethargy, anorexia, coughing, respiratory distress and weakness. Examination findings included cyanosis, a grade 3 of 6 systolic heart murmur and prolonged capillary refill time. Radiography and echocardiography revealed severe pulmonary hypertension, cor pulmonale and right-sided heart failure. Indirect measurement of the systolic pulmonary artery pressure estimated pressures over 100 mmHg. Despite treatment the patient died. Post-mortem examination did not identify a congenital cardiovascular anomaly. Histopathology confirmed acute necrotising pulmonary arteritis and immunohistochemistry failed to identify any immune complex or complement deposition.
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PMID:Acute necrotising pulmonary vasculitis and pulmonary hypertension in a juvenile dog. 1863 59

In 2006 an outbreak of canine distemper affected 14 young domestic ferrets in Barcelona, Spain. Their clinical signs included a reduced appetite, lethargy, dyspnoea, coughing, sneezing, mucopurulent ocular and nasal discharges, facial and perineal dermatitis, diarrhoea, splenomegaly and fever. Late in the course of the disease, general desquamation and pruritus, and hyperkeratotic/crusting dermatitis of the lips, eyes, nose, footpads, and perineal area were observed. None of the ferrets developed neurological signs. Non-regenerative anaemia and high serum concentrations of alpha- and beta-globulins were the most common laboratory findings. Most of the animals died or were euthanased because of respiratory complications. Postmortem there were no signs of lung collapse. Distemper was diagnosed by direct immunofluorescence of conjunctival swabs or pcr of several organs, and histology revealed the characteristic eosinophilic intracytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusion bodies of canine distemper virus in several organs. The minimum incubation periods calculated for six of the ferrets were 11 to 56 days, and in 13 of the ferrets the signs of disease lasted 14 to 34 days. Inclusion bodies compatible with infection by herpesvirus were found in the lungs of one of the ferrets.
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PMID:Outbreak of canine distemper in domestic ferrets (Mustela putorius furo). 1872 66

Respiratory disease in adult chickens of free range flocks was reported in Victoria, Australia. Affected birds had dyspnoea, gasping, coughing and lethargy. Post mortem lesions were granulomatous pneumonia and air sacculitis, with numerous Cytodites nudus mites in the air sacs and bronchial passages. A treatment trial indicated that the individual administration of malathion by aerosol could cause clinical remission and prevention of further cases. No effective method of demonstrating mites in live birds or the environment could be found.
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PMID:Cytodites nudus infestation of chickens. 1876 72

Six hundred sixty-five crossbred beef heifers initially weighing 225 kg were used in a completely randomized design to measure plasma glucose, lactate, and urea N concentrations at time of initial processing, determine the incidence of apparent bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in receiving cattle, and evaluate the effect of apparent BRD on subsequent cattle growth and carcass characteristics. Heifers were processed within 24 h of arrival, and processing included vaccination against common viral and clostridial diseases, recording rectal temperature, and sampling whole blood for subsequent measurement of plasma glucose, lactate, and urea concentrations. Heifers were monitored for clinical signs of apparent BRD, including depression, lethargy, anorexia, coughing, rapid breathing, and nasal or ocular discharge. Heifers exhibiting signs of apparent BRD received antibiotic therapy, and the number of times a heifer was treated for apparent BRD was recorded. Following the 36-d receiving period, heifers were transported to native grass pastures and allowed to graze for 136 d. At the end of the grazing season, heifers were transported to a commercial feedlot where they were adapted to a common finishing diet offered for ad libitum consumption. Following the 124-d finishing period, heifers were slaughtered and carcass data were collected. Heifers treated for apparent BRD had decreased plasma glucose (linear, P < 0.01), lactate (linear, P < 0.01), and urea N concentrations (linear, P < 0.06) measured at time of initial processing. Rectal temperature measured at time of initial processing tended to be greater (linear, P < 0.11) for heifers treated for apparent BRD. Heifers treated for apparent BRD during the receiving period had decreased overall ADG (linear, P < 0.10), final BW (linear, P < 0.01), HCW (linear, P < 0.01), fat thickness (linear, P < 0.01), and marbling score (linear, P < 0.03). These data suggest that initial plasma glucose and lactate concentrations might be affected by the health status of receiving cattle and that increased incidence of apparent BRD in cattle decreases ADG and carcass quality.
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PMID:Plasma metabolites of receiving heifers and the relationship between apparent bovine respiratory disease, body weight gain, and carcass characteristics. 1882 Jan 62

A 9-year-old Bouvier des Flandres was presented with coughing, lethargy, chylous pleural effusion, and a heart murmur. An echocardiogram revealed the presence of an intracardiac mass causing right ventricular outflow tract obstruction. The mass was successfully removed surgically, using total inflow occlusion. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry identified the tumor as an ectopic thyroid carcinoma. The dog was euthanized 11 months after diagnosis at the request of the owner because of nonresolving chylothorax.
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PMID:Ectopic thyroid carcinoma causing right ventricular outflow tract obstruction in a dog. 1941 50

A 6-year-old, spayed female dog was evaluated for a history of chronic coughing, excessive panting, and lethargy. Iatrogenic hyperadrenocorticism was diagnosed, and pulmonary mineralization was documented with a 99m Technitium-methylene diphosphonate (99mTc-MDP) scan. Blood gas analysis showed hypoxia. Clinical signs resolved and blood gas values returned to normal when corticosteroid therapy was discontinued.
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PMID:Diagnosis and outcome of a dog with iatrogenic hyperadrenocorticism and secondary pulmonary mineralization. 1943 48

Anaplasma phagocytophilum is an emerging pathogen of humans, horses, and dogs worldwide that is transmitted by Ixodid ticks and maintained in a variety of small wild mammal species. Recent studies suggest that multiple strains of A. phagocytophilum may be circulating in wild and domestic animal populations, and these strains may have differential host tropisms and pathogenicity. The organism infects and survives within neutrophils by disabling key neutrophil functions, including neutrophil motility, phagocytosis, the oxidative burst mechanism, and neutrophil-endothelial cell interactions, as well as interfering with neutrophil apoptosis. Coinfections with other tick-borne pathogens may occur, especially Borrelia burgdorferi. A. phagocytophilum causes an acute febrile illness in dogs with lethargy and inappetence. Less frequent signs include lameness, coughing, polydipsia, intermittent vomiting, and hemorrhages. Diagnosis is based on finding morulae within granulocytes in the peripheral blood, the combination of acute and convalescent serology using immunofluorescent antibody techniques, and detection of the DNA of A. phagocytophilum using specific polymerase chain reaction assays. Whether persistent infection or reinfection with A. phagocytophilum occurs after natural infection requires additional study, with most reports suggesting that anaplasmosis is a self-limiting disease in dogs that responds well to a 2-week course of doxycycline therapy.
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PMID:Canine granulocytic anaplasmosis: a review. 1976 77

Swine origin influenza was first recognized in the border area of Mexico and United States in April 2009 and during a short span of two months became the first pandemic. The currently circulating strain of swine origin influenza virus of the H1N1 strain has undergone triple reassortment and contains genes from the avian, swine and human viruses. It is transmitted by droplets or fomites. Incubation period is 2 to 7 days. Common clinical symptoms are indistinguishable by any viral respiratory illness, and include fever, cough, sore throat and myalgia. A feature seen more frequently with swine origin influenza is GI upset. Less than 10% of patients require hospitalization. Patients at risk of developing severe disease are - younger than five years, elderly, pregnant women, with chronic systemic illnesses, adolescents on aspirin. Of the severe manifestations of swine origin influenza, pneumonia and respiratory failure are the most common. Unusual symptoms reported are conjunctivitis, parotitis, hemophagocytic syndrome. Infants may present with fever and lethargy with no respiratory symptoms. Diagnosis is based on RT PCR, Viral culture or increasing neutralizing antibodies. Principle of treatment consist of isolation, universal precautions, good infection control practices, supportive care and use of antiviral drugs. Antiviral drugs effective against H1N1 virus include: oseltamivir and zamanavir. With good supportive care case fatality is less than 1%. Preventive measures include: social distancing, practicing respiratory etiquette, hand hygiene and use of chemoprohylaxis with antiviral drugs. Vaccine against H1N1 is not available at present, but will be available in near future.
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PMID:Swine origin influenza (swine flu). 1980 52


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