Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023380 (lethargy)
 5,697 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A time course experimental challenge of WSSV was carried out to examine the clearance of WSSV in Macrobrachium rosenbergii and the consequent immunological changes. The experimental animals were injected with WSSV and the samples of gills, pleopods, head soft tissue and hemolymph were collected at different intervals of 1, 3, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 days post infection (p.i.). WSSV infection and clearing were confirmed by single step PCR, nested PCR and bioassay. At 3 days p.i., M. rosenbergii became lethargic and stopped feeding in contrast to the control prawns that behaved and fed normally. However, the WSSV-injected prawns suffered no mortality during the experimental period and recovered without any further gross signs of disease or any mortality over a period of 100 days p.i. The single step PCR analysis showed positive at 1, 3 and 5 days p.i. in gills, head soft tissue, pleopods and hemolymph, and all the organs showed negative at 10 days p.i. onwards. The nested PCR results showed that all organs were positive for WSSV from 3 days p.i. and extended up to 25 days p.i. At 50 days p.i, head soft tissue sample alone showed WSSV-positive while all other organs were negative by nested PCR. All the organs at 75 and 100 days p.i. showed nested PCR negative for WSSV as observed in the control prawn. The hemolymph collected from experimentally infected M. rosenbergii at 1, 3 and 5 days p.i. caused 100% mortality at 40 h p.i., 55 h p.i. and 72 h p.i, respectively in Penaeus monodon whereas hemolymph collected at 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 days p.i. failed to cause mortality in shrimp. The moribund shrimp showed WSSV-positive and surviving shrimp showed negative by PCR. Immunological parameters such as proPO, O(2)(-) and clotting time in WSSV-injected M. rosenbergii were found to be significantly higher than those of the control groups, whereas THC and superoxide dismutase were significantly lower when compared to control groups.
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PMID:Clearance of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) and immunological changes in experimentally WSSV-injected Macrobrachium rosenbergii. 1860 47

Objective: To determine the safety and tolerability of escalating doses of three cannabis oil formulations, containing predominantly CBD, THC, or CBD and THC (1.5:1) vs. placebo in dogs. Design: Randomized, placebo-controlled, blinded, parallel study. Animals: Twenty healthy Beagle dogs (10 males, 10 females). Methods: Dogs were randomly assigned to one of five treatment groups (n = 4 dogs per group balanced by sex): CBD-predominant oil, THC-predominant oil, CBD/THC-predominant oil (1.5:1), sunflower oil placebo, medium-chain triglyceride oil placebo. Up to 10 escalating doses of the oils were planned for administration via oral gavage, with at least 3 days separating doses. Clinical observations, physical examinations, complete blood counts, clinical chemistry, and plasma cannabinoids were used to assess safety, tolerability, and the occurrence of adverse events (AEs). AEs were rated as mild, moderate, or severe/medically significant. Results: Dose escalation of the CBD-predominant oil formulation was shown to be as safe as placebo and safer than dose escalation of oils containing THC (CBD/THC oil or THC oil). The placebo oils were delivered up to 10 escalating volumes, the CBD oil up to the tenth dose (640.5 mg; ~62 mg/kg), the THC oil up to the tenth dose (597.6 mg; ~49 mg/kg), and the CBD/THC oil up to the fifth dose (140.8/96.6 mg CBD/THC; ~12 mg/kg CBD + 8 mg/kg THC). AEs were reported in all dogs across the five groups and the majority (94.9%) were mild. Moderate AEs (4.4% of all AEs) and severe/medically significant AEs (0.8% of all AEs) manifested as constitutional (lethargy, hypothermia) or neurological (ataxia) symptoms and mainly occurred across the two groups receiving oils containing THC (CBD/THC oil or THC oil). Conclusions and clinical significance: Overall, dogs tolerated dose escalation of the CBD oil well, experiencing only mild AEs. The favorable safety profile of 10 escalating doses of a CBD oil containing 18.3-640.5 mg CBD per dose (~2-62 mg/kg) provides comparative evidence that, at our investigated doses, a CBD-predominant oil formulation was safer and more tolerated in dogs than oil formulations containing higher concentrations of THC.
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PMID:Preliminary Investigation of the Safety of Escalating Cannabinoid Doses in Healthy Dogs. 3211 71