Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023380 (lethargy)
 5,697 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 10-year-old Tennessee Walking Horse gelding was admitted to the veterinary teaching hospital for evaluation of intermittent fever, lethargy, and anorexia. Initial laboratory analyses revealed anemia and hyperfibrinogenemia. Abdominocentesis and thoracentesis yielded fluid samples with high nucleated cell counts and total protein concentrations. The tentative diagnosis was nonseptic peritonitis. The horse did not improve after 4 days of antimicrobial treatment, and pitting edema of the ventral midline developed. Thoracic radiography and ultrasonography revealed consolidation of the ventral aspect of the lung fields and pleural effusion. Pleuroscopy of the right hemithorax revealed pleural effusion and a soft-tissue mass in the caudal portion of the mediastinum. Findings on biopsy of the liver and mediastinal mass led to a presumptive diagnosis of metastatic cholangiocellular carcinoma. The horse was euthanatized, and the diagnosis was confirmed at necropsy.
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PMID:Antemortem diagnosis of cholangiocellular carcinoma in a horse. 139 2

Thoracic radiographs demonstrated a needle-like foreign body within the myocardium of a three-year-old male labrador retriever examined for an unrelated illness. Six months later the dog became lethargic and inappetent. The original foreign body had not moved, and a second needle was present in the stomach. Laparotomy and gastrotomy revealed a sewing needle which had perforated the lesser curvature of the stomach and was migrating cranially. An organised fibrous band extended through the diaphragm, and it is suspected that the original myocardial foreign body had migrated from the stomach by this route.
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PMID:Suspected cranial migration of two sewing needles from the stomach of a dog. 206 25

Prizidilol (SK&F 92657-A2), an anti-hypertensive agent, has undergone a range of prescribed toxicity studies required for the investigation of possible adverse drug effects. During the second year of the 2-year rat oral study, a variety of symptoms were exhibited by males receiving 1600 mg of the compound day-1kg-1 by gavage. These animals became lethargic, slouched and developed dyspnoea which became progressively more severe during the course of the study. Necropsy of the affected rats revealed severely haemorrhagic lungs, cardiac hypertrophy and lordosis of the spine into the thoracic cavity. At the 2-year terminal kill, a proportion of the male rats receiving 100 and 400 mg of prizidilol day-1kg-1 were identified with similar but less severe spinal deformation. No female was found with spinal changes but all the rats receiving prizidilol showed haemorrhagic lungs and enlarged hearts. The lordosis of the affected males was always confined to the thoracic spine and this, along with the cardiac hypertrophy, presumably led to marked reduction in the volume of the thoracic cavity, inducing the dyspnoea. Thoracic vertebral body damage, possibly a precursor to the spinal deformities, was found in male rats from both drug-treated and control groups. The nature of the spinal lesion is at present under investigation.
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PMID:Dyspnoea and thoracic spinal deformation in rats after oral prizidilol (SK&F 92657-A2). 287 53

Five cases of coagulopathy caused by consumption of indanedione (diphacinone)-based rodenticides are reported. In each case, acute onset of lethargy and respiratory distress were the predominant initial clinical signs. Thoracic radiography revealed pulmonary edema, pleural effusion, and/or pericardial effusion as consistent findings. Laboratory evaluations confirmed coagulopathies that responded to vitamin K1 therapy.
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PMID:Diphacinone-induced coagulopathy in the dog. 394 17

A 5-year-old Quarter Horse mare was examined because of lethargy, fever, and weight loss of 1 month's duration. Thoracic auscultation revealed decreased lung sounds cranioventrally. Thoracic ultrasonography revealed bilateral anechoic areas with hyperechoic strands, consistent with pleural effusion and fibrin tags. A large amount of free fluid was evident during abdominal ultrasonography. Abnormalities included anemia, hyperproteinemia, hyperglobulinemia, hyperfibrinogenemia, and hypoalbuminemia. Thoracic radiography revealed alveolar infiltrates in the cranial and caudoventral lung fields. A cavitary mass, consistent with an abscess, could be seen caudodorsal to the crura of the diaphragm. Ultrasonographic evaluation of this area revealed a hypoechoic mass with septations. Bilateral thoracocentesis was performed. Bacterial culture of the pleural fluid did not yield growth, but Blastomyces dermatitidis was isolated from pleural fluid, abdominal fluid, and an aspirate of the abscess. The mare was euthanatized, and a diagnosis of thoracic and abdominal blastomycosis was confirmed at necropsy.
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PMID:Thoracic and abdominal blastomycosis in a horse. 1031 79

A three-year-old weimaraner was presented with lethargy, anorexia, neck pain and a soft fluctuant swelling in the thoracic inlet. A cough had been noted previously. Clinical examination revealed tachycardia, tachypnoea, pallor and a large subcutaneous swelling, with bruising, suggestive of a haematoma in the thoracic inlet. Thoracic radiographs revealed a cranial mediastinal mass which had the ultrasonographic appearance of fluid, and there was also a marked generalised interstitial lung pattern. Routine haematology revealed severe anaemia and thrombocytopenia, although coagulation tests were within normal limits. A diagnosis of immune-mediated thrombocytopenia was however made on the basis of a positive antiplatelet antibody test and a rapid response to prednisolone therapy. Furthermore, a tentative diagnosis of Angiostrongylus vasorum infection was suggested on the basis of clinical and radiographic findings, although no lungworm larvae were identified on faecal analysis. Despite initiating treatment with fenbendazole, the dog died suddenly. Postmortem examination revealed myocarditis, thrombosing arteritis, pneumonia and chronic membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis associated with A vasorum infection.
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PMID:Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia associated with Angiostrongylus vasorum infection in a dog. 1038 68

Chronic severe subclinical systemic hypertension was diagnosed in a 28-yr-old male western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). Thoracic radiography, electrocardiography, and echocardiography revealed an enlarged heart with a hypertrophied left ventricle, mitral regurgitation, and a persistent left bundle branch block. Enalapril, later combined with nifedipine, was of some value in reducing the hypertension, with partial reversal of cardiac enlargement and resolution of the bundle branch block. Two years after initiation of treatment, the gorilla developed lethargy and dyspnea. The diagnosis of heart failure was confirmed under anesthesia; the gorilla did not recover and was euthanized. Postmortem examination confirmed congestive heart failure with chronic, fibrosing cardiomyopathy similar to that in other gorillas.
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PMID:Chronic hypertension with subsequent congestive heart failure in a western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). 1048 43

A 5.5-year-old Siamese presented for evaluation of a three-day history of anorexia and lethargy. Upon physical examination, the cat was depressed, dehydrated, pyrexic, had injected conjunctiva and sclera, pale mucous membranes, and a grade II/VI systolic heart murmur. Thoracic radiographs revealed moderate to severe, diffuse, bronchointerstitial pulmonary changes with enlarged and tortuous pulmonary vessels. With continued hospitalization, the cat became dyspneic and died. The postmortem cytopathological examination of the liver, spleen, and lung impressions revealed reticuloendothelial cell infection with Cytauxzoon felis.
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PMID:Feline cytauxzoonosis: a case report and literature review. 1110 85

Treatment of tuberculous meningitis should begin with an anti-tuberculous regimen of at least three drugs: isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and rifampin. Early in the course of therapy, ethambutol or streptomycin may be of some added benefit. If the local incidence of drug resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis is greater than 4%, or is unknown, then a fourth drug (ethambutol or streptomycin) should be added. If the patient is from an area with organisms resistant to multiple drugs, or is likely to be infected with a multiply resistant organism for any reason, then the patient should be on enough drugs to insure that at least two active anti-tubercular drugs are included in the therapy. An expert should be consulted Length of therapy is not standardized. For sensitive organisms, a regimen of three drugs daily for 2 months, followed by two-drug therapy (isoniazid and rifampin) has been recommended. The American Thoracic Society (ATS) and the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) have recommended a minimum of 12 months of therapy for tuberculous meningitis. If cultures remain positive for extended periods, or signs or symptoms respond slowly, therapy should be extended to 18 months. Patients with HIV also may need longer courses of therapy. The severity of tuberculous meningitis can be classified based on a system devised by the British Medical Research Council. Stage I patients are fully conscious, rational, and do not have neurologic signs. Stage II patients are confused or have neurologic signs such as cranial nerve palsy or hemiparesis. Stage III patients are comatose or stuporous with more severe neurologic signs. Corticosteroids are recommended if the patient is mentally confused, has neurologic signs, or is comatose (Stages II and III). In patients with moderate disease (Stage II), corticosteroids appear to improve neurologic sequelae and survival. Dexamethasone 6 to 12 mg per day and prednisone 60 to 80 mg per day tapered over 4 to 8 weeks has been used. Symptoms of central nervous system (CNS) inflammation may recur if the corticosteroid taper is implemented too soon or too fast. Steroids and diuretics such as furosemide and acetazolamide are sometimes used to treat hydrocephalus. Ventriculoperitoneal or ventriculoatrial shunting may be required to relieve signs and symptoms of hydrocephalus.
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PMID:Tuberculosis Meningitis. 1148 56

A 9-year-old, spayed, female West Highland white terrier was presented with a chronic cough, lethargy, and exercise intolerance. Thoracic radiographic findings were consistent with a marked interstitial lung pattern. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, a disease anecdotally linked to this breed, was diagnosed on postmortem examination.
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PMID:Chronic idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in a West Highland white terrier. 1224 May 28


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