Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023380 (lethargy)
 5,697 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An 8-year-old sexually intact male llama was euthanatized because of obstruction of the penile portion of the urethra and rupture of the urinary bladder. Clinical signs of obstruction included anorexia, lethargy, teeth grinding, straining to defecate, inability to urinate, and tense abdomen. Laboratory findings included anemia, leukocytosis with left shift, high serum urea nitrogen, creatinine, and phosphorus concentrations, and low serum chloride concentration. Necropsy revealed ruptured urinary bladder and acute fibrinous peritonitis. A firm, gray, nonmineralized urethral plug occluded the penile portion of the urethra for a distance of 14 cm in the midpenile region, distal to the sigmoid flexure of the penis. The urinary bladder mucosa and the urethra had microscopic evidence of chronic inflammation. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp, and alpha-streptococci were isolated from the urethral plug.
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PMID:Urethral obstruction in a male llama. 259 47

Use of a bilateral caudal superficial epigastric skin flap and perineal urethrostomy for reconstruction of a wound which occurred secondary to rupture of the distal urethra and extravasation of urine is reported. A 10-month-old male neutered Domestic Shorthaired cat was presented with a history of trauma, signs of pain of the hind quarters and anuria. Progression of the clinical signs, including anuria, lethargy, anorexia, and azotemia, prompted referral and investigation 108 hours following the initial injury. Retrograde urethrography indicated a rupture of the distal pelvic urethra with extravasation of urine subcutaneously. Development of extensive skin necrosis of the perineum and rump progressed leaving a large wound defect which was managed with wound debridement and dressing. The wound was closed using staged caudal superficial epigastric skin flaps and perineal urethrostomy as part of the reconstruction.
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PMID:Bilateral caudal superficial epigastric skin flap and perineal urethrostomy for wound reconstruction secondary to traumatic urethral rupture in a cat. 2122 89

Retrograde ejaculation (RE) has been reported in humans and animals but RE with subsequent sperm calculi has rarely been reported. This report documents clinical and pathological findings of spontaneous sperm cystolithiasis in four rhesus macaques. While this condition has been associated with repeated electroejaculation, spontaneous sperm cystolithiasis is highly unusual. The animals presented with either stranguria, dysuria, hematuria, distended abdomen or lethargy. Ultrasound examination revealed several hyperechoic masses within the lumen of the urinary bladder. The animals were euthanized due to poor prognosis or study end points. Postmortem examination revealed multiple angular, amorphous, soft to firm, pale yellow to greenish-brown and variably sized calculi in the lumen of the urinary bladder or prostatic/penile urethra. Histologically, the calculi were composed of numerous sperm embedded in abundant brightly eosinophilic matrix. Based on gross and histologic findings, RE associated sperm cystolithiasis was diagnosed, with ulcerative urethritis as the major primary apparent etiology. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of four spontaneous cases of sperm cystolithiasis in rhesus macaques.
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PMID:Retrograde ejaculation associated spontaneous sperm cystolithiasis in four rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). 2373 42

Feline lower urinary tract diseases are known to be life threatening conditions in cats, especially when they occur as obstructive diseases in males. Early diagnosis and treatment is necessary, otherwise it may lead to death. A 3-year-old male Persian cat was referred to the clinic with a history of anuria, lethargy, loss of appetite and exploratory cystotomy 6 months ago due to urethral obstruction following urolithiasis. Urinary bladder was enlarged and painful on palpation and urine accumulation was observed in ultrasonography. Biochemical and hematological analyses revealed hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia and hyperkalemia and increase in blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC) and hematocrit. Urine analysis showed a turbid appearance, protein 1+, blood 3+, pH reduction, increased WBCs and RBCs and presence of bacteria, calcium oxalate crystals and epithelial cells. Urine culture reveled Staphylococcus saprophyticus. Postoperatively, microscopic examinations of the urinary bladder biopsy showed pathological lesions of bacterial cystitis. Based on these findings, bacterial cystitis and urethral obstruction due to post-operative urinary tract infections were diagnosed. For treatment, electrolyte imbalances were corrected firstly, cystotomy was performed and a catheter was conducted into the urethra; then, urethra was flushed and obstruction was resolved. Ampicillin was effective in reducing the bacterial count in urine. Despite the fact that cystotomy is a common procedure in veterinary medicine, clinicians should be aware of its complications such as post-operative urinary tract infections.
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PMID:Obstructive bacterial cystitis following cystotomy in a Persian cat. 3006 10