Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023380 (lethargy)
 5,697 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum sickness in man may occur after treatment with foreign proteins such as tetanus or diphtheria antisera, and in some patients leads to neurological complications such as neuropathy or encephalomyelitis. Many of the effects of serum sickness are associated with the deposition of antigen-antibody complexes in the tissues. Chronic serum sickness in the rabbit has previously been shown to cause perivascular inflammation and demyelination in the nervous system. We induced chronic serum sickness in the Lewis rat by daily intraperitoneal injections of bovine serum albumin (BSA) in male rats that had previously received footpad inoculations of BSA. Two animals died of anaphylaxis and 15 were observed for periods of 39 to 142 days. Three animals injected with 3 mg or 4 mg/day of BSA, and 6 animals injected with up to 16 mg/day of BSA had no clinical abnormalities when sacrificed. Six animals were injected with 36 to 40 mg BSA/day and, at the time of sacrifice, were lethargic and had ruffled fur, but no neurological signs. In these animals, the production of chronic serum sickness was confirmed by the presence of immune complex deposits in the kidneys. In the nervous system, there was no evidence of inflammatory cell infiltration either in the parenchyma or the vessel walls. Immunofluorescence studies identified deposits of immunoglobulin in the choroid plexus of chronic serum sickness rats but not in controls. Staining with antibodies to immunoglobulin, complement and BSA showed marked staining of blood vessels of the nerve roots of the animals with chronic serum sickness.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Lack of neurological abnormalities in Lewis rats with experimental chronic serum sickness. 182 22

Seven horses developed clinical or subclinical hepatitis 48 to 87 days after administration of tetanus antitoxin. One horse had mildly high hepatic enzyme activity 120 days after inoculation with tetanus antitoxin. The first horse developed signs of depression, lethargy, and anorexia. During hospitalization, signs of hepatoencephalopathy were noticed, and laboratory data were consistent with hepatic disease. Another horse that was found dead had gross and histologic lesions compatible with serum hepatitis. Screening of serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and aspartate transaminase activities were used to investigate the remaining horses in the herd. High GGT activities (71 to 206 IU/L) were detected in 5 additional herd members. These horses appeared clinically normal, apart from 2 reports of nasal photosensitization and an aborted fetus. In 3 horses, high serum GGT activity persisted over a 44-day testing period. All affected horses had been given tetanus antitoxin within 12 hours of parturition, and a common source of vaccine was identified for 7 horses. Findings in this group of horses indicate that clinical and subclinical serum hepatitis can develop after administration of tetanus antitoxin.
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PMID:Hepatic disease associated with administration of tetanus antitoxin in eight horses. 778 47

A 9-day old Grant's zebra with a 3-day history of lethargy, weight loss, inappetance, and diarrhea was treated with ampicillin, vitamin E and selenium, and tetanus antitoxin without effect in 24 h. On transfer to the local veterinary clinic, a grade IV/VI continuous heart murmur was detected and a patent ductus arteriosus found at necropsy.
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PMID:Patent ductus arteriosus in a 9-day-old Grant's zebra. 1615 24

We present a previously healthy 6-month-old boy who was admitted to our hospital with lethargy, hypotonia and focal clonic seizures 6 days following diptheria, tetanus toxoid and whole-cell pertussis vaccination. A diagnosis of acute necrotising encephalopathy was made with the aid of MRI, including diffusion-weighted imaging and proton MR spectroscopy.
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PMID:Acute necrotizing encephalopathy secondary to diphtheria, tetanus toxoid and whole-cell pertussis vaccination: diffusion-weighted imaging and proton MR spectroscopy findings. 2011 24

Depression is a common debilitating human disease whose etiology has defied decades of research. A critical bottleneck is the difficulty in modeling depressive episodes in animals. Here, we show that a transgenic mouse with chronic forebrain expression of a dominant negative mutant of Polg1, a mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) polymerase, exhibits lethargic behavioral changes, which are associated with emotional, vegetative and psychomotor disturbances, and response to antidepression drug treatment. The results suggested a symptomatic similarity between the lethargic behavioral change that was recurrently and spontaneously experienced by the mutant mice and major depressive episode as defined by DSM-5. A comprehensive screen of mutant brain revealed a hotspot for mtDNA deletions and mitochondrial dysfunction in the paraventricular thalamic nucleus (PVT) with similar defects observed in postmortem brains of patients with mitochondrial disease with mood symptoms. Remarkably, the genetic inhibition of PVT synaptic output by Cre-loxP-dependent expression of tetanus toxin triggered de novo depression-like episodes. These findings identify a novel preclinical mouse model and brain area for major depressive episodes with mitochondrial dysfunction as its cellular mechanism.
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PMID:Depression-like episodes in mice harboring mtDNA deletions in paraventricular thalamus. 2648 20

Tetanus is a rare disease in industrialized countries, largely due to the highly protective effect of immunization. We present a case of tetanus in a formerly preterm infant with myelomeningocele repaired in utero, who presented at 44 days of age with poor feeding, lethargy, and increased tone. His symptoms progressed despite a course of antibiotics for presumed meningitis. At 73 days of age (on 29th day of hospitalization), a clinical diagnosis of tetanus was made based on the presence of risus sardonicus, trismus, and generalized hypertonicity. Consequently, tetanus immune globulin, muscle relaxants, and metronidazole were administered. Five months later, the infant has had complete resolution of the hypertonicity, has regained normal jaw movement and swallowing, and is regaining oral feeding skills. This case involved a delay in diagnosis despite clinical symptoms and signs classic, in retrospect, for tetanus, highlighting the importance of recognizing the constellation of symptoms that should lead us to consider this rare diagnosis.
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PMID:Tetanus and Occam's Razor: Almost Forgotten but Not Gone: A Case Report. 2794 Jul 61