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Query: UMLS:C0023380 (lethargy)
 5,697 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This review deals with the comparative observations of brown fat tissue in the bat, a hibernator, and in man, a nonhibernator. In both mammals, the brown fat is distributed in restricted portions of the body and brought into a thermogenetic activity by an acute drop in ambient temperature. Light microscopic examination was performed on the interscapular brown fat of bats captured monthly throughout one year; electron microscopic observations were made using a bat captured in April and another in September. Human perirenal brown fat was investigated light-microscopically on tissues derived from 215 fresh necropsy cases (Japanese) of both sexes aged from one month to 93 years. Brown adipose tissue was recognized only in 162 (75%) of the 215 samples, because brown fat cells were reduced by transformation into white fat cells. Human brown fat cells were classified into six types according to the morphological features of their lipid droplets. These reflect different functional states of intracellular heat production. The Type 1 (D) cell is a fat-depleted brown fat cell with a darkly stained cytoplasm; it is specific to humans. Human perirenal brown fat cells begin to show a transformation into white fat cells already at the infantile stage. This change occurs from the peripheral toward the central portion of the lobule, so that various functioning cell types remain only in the central area of the lobules. In contrast to humans, bat interscapular brown fat cells exhibit regular seasonal changes in size and lipid droplet content, so that the cells could not be classified as in humans into definite types according to the features of their lipid droplets. The most conspicuous difference between brown fat tissue in the nonhibernator and hibernator is that in the latter, white fat cells never occur within the brown fat tissue. In the hibernator, thermogenesis in the brown fat is necessary for both the arousal from hibernation and the maintenance of hibernation as well as rutting. In human perirenal brown fat tissue, darkly stained fat-depleted cells (D) occupy, with other cell types (CR, CR'), an important part in the reversible heat production cycle of the brown fat tissue. The "hypothermic" or "cold syndrome (cold injury)" is a disorder affecting inadequately protected infants in severely cold seasons, accompanied by lethargy, hypothermia and lactation refusal and revealing hemorrhagic pneumonia in necropsy. The brown fat tissue in such infants is composed exclusively of fat-depleted brown fat cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Morphological studies on brown adipose tissue in the bat and in humans of various ages. 203 57

This report describes the clinical, roentgenologic, pathologic, and virologic findings in a 2 years and ten months old girl who died from a severe pneumonia. Initially, the patient presented with fever and cough for 2 days. Physically, the patient appeared lethargic, and breathing sounds revealed diffuse rales and wheezing. Hemogram showed mild leukocytosis and lymphocyte predominant. Chest X ray revealed diffuse interstitial infiltration of the right upper lung, left upper and left lower lung field. Bacteria infection was first impressed. Although treated with several antibiotics (ampicillin, cefuroxime, amikacin, penicillin, cephazolin, imipenem and vancomycin) in three different hospitals, the patient's condition went downhill and the patient died 2 weeks later. Finally, adenoviurs type 3 was isolated from sputum specimen taken before death and necropsy lung tissue. The lung pathology showed diffuse necrotizing inflammation with fibrinopurulent exudate, and eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies were also noted in the alveolar cells. These data proved the diagnosis of adenovirus pneumonia. This case adds to the evidence that adenovirus type 3 infection during childhood may cause fatal disease.
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PMID:A fatal case of viral pneumonia in a child infected with adenovirus type 3. 227 28

A retrospective review of charts for 650 children who had lumbar puncture for suspected meningitis was undertaken to determine the characteristics of patients with and without meningitis, identify other conditions suggesting meningitis, and evaluate the predictive value of signs and symptoms of meningitis. The incidence of positive lumbar punctures increased with patient age. Younger infants did not present with classical features of meningitis. Bulging fontanel, lethargy, and irritability were nonspecific symptoms. Vomiting and headache, although not specific, proved to be more sensitive indicators of meningeal infection. Most patients with meningitis (75%) had at least one sign of meningeal irritation, but so did 25% of patients without meningitis. Brudzinski's sign was not specific. In contrast, nuchal rigidity and Kernig's sign had high predictive value. Up to age five, the diseases most often suggesting meningitis were right-sided pneumonia, gastroenteritis, otitis, tonsillitis, exanthema subitum, and urinary tract infections. Of 171 patients with febrile convulsion, one (0.5%) had bacterial meningitis and four had aseptic meningitis.
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PMID:Diseases that mimic meningitis. Analysis of 650 lumbar punctures. 220 11

Scrub typhus (tsutsugamushi disease) is an acute infectious disease caused by Rickettsia tsutsugamushi transmitted through the bite of larvae of certain trombiculid mites. Geographical distribution in Asian-Pacific region is much of the roughly triangular area bounded by Japan, Pakistan and Australia. It is an endemic illness in the Pescadores Islands, but has scarcely been reported in central Taiwan. An eleven-year-old boy was admitted to Changhua Christian Hospital with the chief complaints of fever, lethargy and skin rash for seven days. On physical examination, he was found to have painless eschar, conjunctivitis, meningoencephalitis, pneumonitis, ascites, jaundice, hepatomegaly, liver function impairment and thrombocytopenia. His Proteus OX-K agglutinin titer increased from 1:160 in the acute sera to 1:640 in the convalescent sera. A greater than four-fold rise (greater than 1:640) in antibody titers to Karp, Gilliam, Kato strains of R. tsutsugamushi between acute and convalescent sera were demonstrated by immunofluorescent antibody. The patient was treated with minocycline and chloramphenicol and was completely recovered.
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PMID:[Scrub typhus--one case report]. 263 64

Three groups of turkeys were inoculated with strains of C. psittaci (B577, VS1, TT3) from different restriction endonuclease groups. Turkeys were necropsied at 15 times through post-inoculation day 70. Birds infected with the TT3 strain were lethargic and had decreased body weight. After forced exercise, dyspnea was seen in VS1-infected turkeys. Pericarditis was the most severe lesion in TT3-infected birds. Airsacculitis and bronchopneumonia were the most severe lesions in VS1-infected turkeys. Lateral nasal adenitis was in both VS1- and TT3-infected birds. Only mild peribronchial pneumonia was in B577-infected turkeys. Chlamydial antigen, identified by light microscopy using an immunoperoxidase technique, was seen from post-inoculation days 9 through 50 in the lateral nasal gland and at earlier times in other tissue from VS1- and TT3-infected turkeys. No chlamydial antigen was detected in tissue from B577-infected birds. These studies showed that chlamydial strains from different restriction endonuclease groups are associated with distinct disease syndromes in turkeys.
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PMID:Respiratory and pericardial lesions in turkeys infected with avian or mammalian strains of Chlamydia psittaci. 268 47

Among 137 members of 30 families, 6% (and 8% of those aged under 15 years) were seropositive for toxocara antibodies. In these seropositive subjects and in 84 patients known to have raised toxocara titres the commonest clinical features were abdominal pain, hepatomegaly, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, sleep and behaviour disturbances, pneumonia, cough, wheeze, pharyngitis, cervical adenitis, headache, limb pains, and fever. 61% of patients with raised toxocara titres had recurrent abdominal pain. Eosinophilia was in many cases associated with a raised toxocara titre, but 27% of patients with high titres had normal eosinophil counts. Toxocariasis is common, especially in children, and is associated with clinical features that are generally regarded as non-specific but together form a recognisable symptom complex. Toxocariasis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of such symptoms and especially in recurrent abdominal pain, which might otherwise be labelled as idiopathic. The absence of eosinophilia does not exclude toxocariasis.
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PMID:The expanded spectrum of toxocaral disease. 289 21

3-methylindole (3-MI) dissolved in the lipophilic carrier Cremophore EL was administered intraperitoneally to male, twelve-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. Gross and histopathologic changes in the lungs were studied using light microscopy at three time-periods following administration: 16, 24, and 46 hours. Both 3-MI and Cremophore caused changes in bronchiolar epithelium at 16 hours. By 46 hours, Cremophore-injected rats showed no effects of the carrier; whereas, 3-MI rats showed severe lung changes characterized by airway epithelial and pulmonary vascular endothelial necrosis and sloughing, cellular infiltration by lymphocytes and macrophages, perivascular edema, alveolar edema, and lymph stasis. Grossly, the controls showed no effect of the carrier and none died during the studies. In contrast, 3-MI injected rats quickly became lethargic and displayed tachypnea, anorexia, and progressive respiratory distress. Two of five 3-MI rats in the final group died just prior to 46 hours. All of this group had grossly congested lungs and marked pleural effusion. The lesions and time course showed similarities to those observed in ruminants and mice. We conclude that 3-MI in Cremophore causes an acute progressive pneumonitis in rats and suggest that the rats may be a suitable model for 3-MI-induced and similar toxic lung diseases in domestic animals and people.
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PMID:Pulmonary changes in rats following administration of 3-methylindole in cremophore EL. 298 Feb 17

In an aviary housing 200 six-month-old canaries, 165 became ill and 145 died over a 6-week period from a disease initially characterized by lethargy, ruffled feathers, open-mouth breathing, and death in 2 to 3 days. Proliferative "pox-like" lesions around the eyes and mouth were not seen until the 4th week. At necropsy, initially affected birds had cloudy air sacs and patchy pneumonia. Histologically, the lungs had proliferative necrotizing bronchitis. Birds necropsied later had proliferative skin lesions and intracytoplasmic inclusions typical of poxvirus in the epidermis and airway epithelium. A virus was isolated from an organ pool of lung, air sac, liver, and skin of affected birds and was identified by electron microscopy as poxvirus.
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PMID:Canary pox causing high mortality in an aviary. 302 41

Gram-negative neonatal septicemia was diagnosed in a premature Standardbred colt. Clinical signs included lethargy, weakness, loss of suckle reflex, tachypnea, and injected mucous membranes. Sequelae included pneumonia, omphalophlebitis, septic arthritis, and osteomyelitis. Prepartum maternal uterine infection, premature delivery, abnormal parturition with premature fetal membrane separation, and failure of passive transfer of colostral immunoglobulins increased the foal's risk for developing sepsis. Treatment included administration of moxalactam disodium and cefadroxil. The clinical efficacy of cephalosporin antibiotics in the treatment of gram-negative sepsis is discussed.
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PMID:Omphalophlebitis and osteomyelitis associated with Klebsiella septicemia in a premature foal. 320 51

The clinical and laboratory features of moderate to severe organophosphate and carbamate toxicity in 37 infants and children are presented. Ingestion of an improperly stored liquid pesticide was the most common route of intoxication (76% of patients); five (14%) children became intoxicated after playing on carpets and floors of homes that had been sprayed or fogged by unlicensed exterminators. The transfer diagnoses were incorrect for 16 or 20 patients who were transferred to our center from another institution. Miosis (73%), excessive salivation (70%), muscle weakness (68%), and lethargy (54%) were the most common abnormal signs; 49% and 22% of patients had tachycardia and seizures, respectively, and 38% of children had respiratory insufficiency that required endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. The results of erythrocyte and serum cholinesterase activity assays were concordant in 83% of patients. Thirty-four (92%) patients were treated with atropine and/or pralidoxime; three patients required only supportive care. Most patients had a prompt response to therapy; however, two patients with organophosphate toxicity required multiple doses of atropine during a 24-hour period; in both instances, the doses of atropine were subtherapeutic. There were no deaths. Pneumonitis and/or atelectasis developed in ten patients, including six who had ingested a petroleum distillate-containing insecticide.
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PMID:Organophosphate and carbamate poisoning in infants and children. 333 78


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