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Query: UMLS:C0023380 (lethargy)
 5,697 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Various degrees of persistent or paroxysmal paresis involving only the hindlimbs or all four limbs were observed in 3 dogs with hypothyroidism and lymphocytic thyroiditis. Clinical features included lethargy, obesity, alopecia, insidious and progressive paresis, hypotonia, and slow segmental reflexes in 2 dogs. Obesity, alopecia, paroxysmal paresis, and behavior change were observed in the third dog. Laboratory tests indicated that thyroid function was less than normal in all 3 dogs. Abnormal electromyographic potentials and slow motor nerve conduction velocities were found in each dog. Muscle biopsy specimen abnormalities included selective type-II myofiber atrophy in all dogs, whereas one dog had angular atrophy of type-I and type-II myofibers indicative of denervation. A substance that stained with para-aminosalicylic acid was observed within vacuoles of type-I myofibers in one dog. Lymphocytic thyroiditis characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of excised thyroid glands was observed in all dogs.
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PMID:Neuromuscular abnormalities associated with hypothyroidism and lymphocytic thyroiditis in three dogs. 355 92

Atherosclerosis was diagnosed on necropsy in 21 dogs in a 14-year period. Nine dogs died and 12 were euthanatized because of complications associated with the disease. The mean age was 8.5 +/- 0.5 years; 18 dogs were male. Three breeds (Miniature Schnauzer, Doberman Pinscher, and Labrador Retriever) had a higher prevalence of the disease than other breeds in the canine necropsy population of The Animal Medical Center. Most common clinical signs were lethargy, anorexia, weakness, dyspnea, collapse, and vomiting. Hypercholesterolemia, lipidemia, and hypothyroidism were common in affected dogs tested, and protein electrophoresis revealed high values for alpha 2 and beta fractions in all dogs tested. Electrocardiography indicated conduction abnormalities and myocardial infarction in 3 of 7 dogs. Necropsy revealed that affected arteries (including coronary, myocardial, renal, carotid, thyroidal, intestinal, pancreatic, splenic, gastric, prostatic, cerebral, and mesenteric) were yellow-white, thick and nodular, and had narrow lumens. Myocardial fibrosis and infarction also were observed in the myocardium. Histologically, affected arterial walls contained foamy cells or vacuoles, cystic spaces, mineralized material, debris with or without eroded intima, and degenerated muscle cells.
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PMID:Clinical and pathologic findings in dogs with atherosclerosis: 21 cases (1970-1983). 374 84

A 9-year-old male Boxer with signs of lethargy, weight gain, polyuria, polydipsia, eosinopaenia and lymphopaenia was diagnosed as having hyperadrenocorticism. Concurrent central diabetes insipidus was diagnosed using a water deprivation test and antidiuretic hormone response test. A contrast radiographic technique was used to outline a pituitary mass. A chromophobe adenoma and secondary hypothyroidism were found on post-mortem examination.
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PMID:Pituitary tumour causing multiple endocrinopathies in a dog. 402 18

A 3 year old girl presented with a three week history of lethargy, constipation, and joint swelling. Investigation showed primary hypothyroidism associated with immunological changes including thyroglobulin antibodies. Reassessment several months after beginning thyroxine treatment confirmed persisting hypothyroidism. Primary hypothyroidism may present as a rapid onset disorder.
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PMID:Acute hypothyroidism in a 3 year old. 405 45

A male infant with secondary hypothyroidism is described. Within the first month after birth, the patient manifested feeding difficulties, lethargy, persistent jaundice, umbilical hernia, and large anterior and open posterior fontanels. The roentgenogram of the knee joints at 27 days showed absence of the distal femoral epiphyses. His serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level was low despite decreased levels of triiodothyronine (T3) and tetraiodothyronine (T4) in serum. Assessment of the hypothalamic-pituitary hormone (TRH) nor growth hormone (GH) responses to L-arginine and insulin, while responses of both luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) to insulin were within normal limits. The malady of the patient in this case was not detected by newborn screening for congenital hypothyroidism due to the fact that in the Aomori district of Japan thyroid screening involves only the measurement of TSH. Such measurement cannot detect cases of secondary or tertiary hypothyroidism such as our patient. Replacement therapy was initiated at 58 days and his physical and mental development has been regarded as normal since treatment.
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PMID:Congenital secondary hypothyroidism with low serum GH and prolactin levels in a 27-day-old male infant. 628 48

Hypothyroidism in the foal occurs as two entities because of the separate actions of thyroid hormones in regulation of metabolic rate and in cell differentiation. The hypometabolic state which results in inadequate thermogenesis and lethargy, occurs concurrently with a period when thyroid hormone secretion is inadequate. Also the severity of the concurrent symptoms is related to the degree of hormone inadequacy as measured by plasma concentrations of free T4 and T3. By contrast, the developmental lesions caused by hypothyroidism are often observed during periods when plasma thyroid hormone concentrations are normal. This is because during the development of most tissues there is a period during which deprivation of thyroid hormones leads to developmental defects which may first appear weeks or months later, by which time thyroid hormone levels may have returned to normal. In the foal the critical period for some developmental processes, eg, myelination, is before birth so it is difficult to confirm a pre-natal hypothyroid state as the cause of neonatal neuromuscular incompetence. Post natal developmental lesions of the epiphyses or ossification centres, for example, may also manifest themselves some weeks subsequent to the period during which hypothyroidism existed. Because confirmation of diagnosis using plasma hormone measurements is very difficult in the foal, and because the symptoms of hypothyroidism are not specific, the incidence of confirmed hypothyroidism in foals is low. However there is suggestive evidence that where awareness of the condition exists it is diagnosed frequently. The aetiology is obscure although diet has been implicated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Hypothyroidism in the foal. 638 12

We examined the thyroid status of 58 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) using total serum thyroxin, thyroid hormone binding ratio, free thyroxin index, serum TSH, antithyroglobulin, and antimicrosomal antibodies. Seven patients were known to be hypothyroid prior to the diagnosis of PBC. Six additional patients were found to have biochemical evidence of hypothyroidism. The prevalence of hypothyroidism was 12% if we include only those six PBC patients with newly diagnosed hypothyroidism or 22% if we include all 13 patients. Five of the 58 patients had evidence for an elevation of thyroid hormone binding capacity. Three hypothyroid patients had normal total thyroxins with low thyroid hormone binding ratios. Two euthyroid patients had elevated total T4s with low thyroid hormone binding ratio and normal FTI. The prevalence of positive antimicrosomal antibodies was 34%, including 11 euthyroid PBC patients. The prevalence of positive antithyroglobulin antibodies was 20% including five euthyroid patients. There was no association between HLA DR3 or DR5 and the patients with hypothyroidism and/or antithyroid antibodies. Because fatigue, lethargy, and anorexia as well as hypercholesterolemia are common features of both hypothyroidism and PBC, patients with PBC should be screened for evidence of thyroid dysfunction. Thyroid disease may precede the diagnosis of PBC by several years. Therefore, the development of cholestatic liver disease in a patient with known autoimmune thyroiditis should arouse suspicion of PBC.
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PMID:Increased incidence of hypothyroidism in primary biliary cirrhosis. 662 57

Hypothyroidism is commonly thought to cause decreased gastric emptying and secretion, but these may be related to associated autoimmune disease or chronic changes. Therefore, we measured gastric emptying and secretion in 11 healthy controls and in nine patients (19-54 years old; five females and 4 males) rendered athyreotic by surgery and/or 131I for thyroid cancer. Replacement T4 was stopped 47-65 days and subsequent replacement T3 was stopped 33-40 days before the study. All patients were symptomatic with complaints including weight gain, lethargy, and constipation. Deep tendon reflexes had delayed relaxation phase. Serum cholesterol and creatine phosphokinase levels were elevated. Thyroid hormone levels were markedly decreased (means +/- SE; T4: 0.7 +/- 0.3 micrograms/dl; free T4: 0.2 +/- 0.1 ng/dl; T3: 28 +/- 6 ng/dl) and TSH was markedly increased (88 +/- 16 microU/ml). Gastric fractional emptying rate (%/min) and hydrogen ion (H+) output (meq/hr) were determined before and following two sequential stimulations: a 250-ml water load and an intravenous infusion of pentagastrin (6 micrograms/kg/hr). There were no significant differences between controls and athyreotic patients. Our data demonstrated that short-term, profound, thyroid hormone deficiency does not modify gastric emptying or acid output.
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PMID:Gastric secretion and emptying in hypothyroidism. 671 56

Primary hypothyroidism and partial primary adrenocortical deficiency (isolated glucocorticoid deficiency) were diagnosed in an 8-year-old spayed female boxer dog, presented because of progressive symmetrical truncal alopecia, lethargy, and intolerance to cold. The diagnosis was based upon the combination of low, non-TSH-responsive concentrations of plasma thyroxine and low urinary excretion of corticoids together with high plasma concentrations of ACTH. Normal suppressibility of ACTH concentrations by a low dose of dexamethasone indicated an intact feedback system. Plasma growth hormone levels were elevated, most probably because somatostatin release was depressed by the glucocorticoid deficiency. The dog improved during oral replacement therapy with thyroxine until death ensued after 9 months as a result of intercurrent disease. Autopsy revealed thyroid atrophy and lymphocytic adrenalitis with complete destruction of the zona fasciculata and zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex. The combination of primary hypothyroidism and primary adrenocortical deficiency in this dog is identical to the entity known as type II polyglandular autoimmunity or Schmidt's syndrome in humans. The adrenocortical insufficiency remained confined to glucocorticoid deficiency during the observation period; on no occasion did electrolyte concentrations in the plasma reach values suggestive of mineralocorticoid deficiency.
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PMID:Polyglandular deficiency syndrome in a boxer dog: thyroid hormone and glucocorticoid deficiency. 757 Dec 81

Hypothyroidism, the most common disorder of thyroid function is especially common in the adult female population. The disease affects every major organ system and metabolic process. The diagnosis of primary hypothyroidism can be perplexing to the clinician because of its insidious onset and wide array of nonspecific manifestations. Complaints of fatigue, muscle weakness, lethargy, and weight gain are often at first attributed to emotional or other health problems. Additionally, patients may not seek medical care because they are unaware that they are ill. Clinicians need to be familiar with the signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism so that a timely diagnosis and treatment can be initiated. This article reviews the etiology, pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism as well as the methods of diagnosis and treatment. Elements of patient education are described with particular emphasis on the chronic nature of hypothyroidism and the need for life long treatment.
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PMID:Hypothyroidism: common complaints, perplexing diagnosis. 776 Oct 41


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