Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023380 (lethargy)
 5,697 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 5-year-old girl developed a progressive febrile neurological illness consisting of right focal seizures, right hemiparesis, and stupor evolving over a period of six weeks. During the month preceding the onset of her illness she had received two apparently unsuccessful smallpox vaccinations without a skin lesion. Elevation of cerebrospinal fluid gamma globulin and findings on brain biopsy were consistent with postinfectious encephalitis, and a simultaneous increase in serum vaccinia antibody titer suggested that the illness was postvaccinial encephalitis. Clinically, the child developed a severe extrapyramidal movement disorder during the acute phase followed by nine months of stuporous unresponsiveness, yet subsequently made a substantial recovery.
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PMID:Postvaccinal encephalomyelitis without cutaneous vaccination reaction. 3 58

A progressive neurological illness characterized by myoclonus, motor and sensory deficits, and lethargy occurred in a patient with Hodgkin's disease and was fatal within two months. A focal inclusion cell encephalitis was demonstrated by immunohistological means to be due to measles virus. Measles encephalitis must be considered a potential opportunistic agent in the immune-compromised host.
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PMID:Subacute measles encephalitis complicating Hodgkin's disease in an adult. 21 19

It was the purpose of this work to verify the hypothesis of Poskanzer and Schwab according to which nearly all cases of parkinsonism are consequences of clinical and subclinical lethargic encephalitis in the years 1917-1926. The investigated material included 495 patients with parkinsonism treated at the neurological hospital departments in Warsaw in the years 1967-1976 and 263 patients living in the City of Warsaw and treated as outpatients or inpatients in the years 1972-1976. The control group comprised patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis treated in the Warsaw hospitals in the years 1967-1976. The correlation between the mean age at the time of disease onset and the calendar year of disease onset was studied in different groups of patients. The indices of disease prevalence, first visits and mortality were calculated in the group of patients living in the City of Warsaw. Low values of correlation indices and persistence of approximately unchanged indices of first visits and mortality in the years 1972-1976 failed to confirm the hypothesis of Poskanzer and Schwab.
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PMID:[Etiology of parkinsonism. A verification of Poskanzer's and Schwab's hypothesis]. 51 36

A 41-year-old man is described in whom after a febrile disease with disturbances of sleep rhytm and exessive somnolence, extrapyramidal signs appeared increasing progressively in intensity, with a hypertonic-hypokinetic syndrome with evidence of right-sided spastic hemiparesis and hypaesthesia. After treatment with Viregyt and low doses of L-Dopa a striking improvement was obtained. Parkinsonism following lethargic encephalitis was diagnosed.
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PMID:[Parkinsonism following lethargic encephalitis]. 59 10

The patient, a clinical case of parkinsonism, was a 32-year-old man, born in 1942, long after the prevalence of von Economo's lethargic encephalitis in Japan. Anatomically, the neurons in the substantia nigra of the mid-brain were extensively degenerated, and presented Alzheimer's neurofibrillary tangles. At the same time, melanin pigment was scattered in the tissue and was phagocytized by glia cells. Perivascular cuffing was observed in the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, hippocampus, and thalamus as well as in the substantia nigra. Neuronophagia was noted in the thalamic nuclei. The present case was believed to have parkinsonism not clinically or pathologically related to von Economo's encephalitis or to Japanese encephalitis, but following a mild encephalitis of unknown etiology.
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PMID:Parkinsonism following encephalitis of unknown etiology. 83 14

A case-control study was performed to investigate the significance of arteriosclerosis, heredity and some infections in the etiology of Parkinson's disease. The study group consisted of all traceable patients with Parkinson's disease living in a defined area, a total of 444 patients, and of control subjects for each patient, matched in sex and age, chosen from among the general population residing in the same area. No significant differences were found between the patients and the controls concerning the occurrence of cardiac insufficiency, coronary heart disease, or stroke. The Parkinsonian patients, however, had a significantly lower incidence of clinical arterial hypertension when compared with the controls. In addition, the patients more often had low systolic blood pressures and more rarely high pressures than the controls. Even the mean systolic blood pressure was significantly lower in the patients than in the controls. The low blood pressure seems to be an effect of Parkinson's disease itself with a minor contribution of levodopa therapy. The observations above are considered to indicate that arteriosclerosis and Parkinson's disease are probably only concurrent disorders and not in etiological relationship with each other. There was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of the patients and the controls with relatives with Parkinson's disease or essential tremor, which suggests that genetic factors do not have a significant role in Parkinson's disease and on the other hand that essential tremor and Parkinson's disease are two separate disease entities. No other encephalitis than a lethargic one was found to precede Parkinson's disease and the occurrence of meningitis was rare both among the patients and the controls. The history of Spanish influenza was found to be as frequent in the patients as in the controls, thus not supporting the idea that influenza has etiological importance in Parkinson's disease.
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PMID:Arteriosclerosis, heredity, and some previous infections in the etiology of Parkinson's disease. A case-control study. 100 13

We report a patient with encephalitis who showed anterograde and retrograde amnesia with MRI abnormalities localized in the bilateral amygdala (AM) and hippocampus (HIPP). A 25-year-old man suddenly experienced a generalized tonic-clonic seizure (GTCS). He was admitted because of increasing lethargy with two further GTCSs during the following 6 days. The patient had high fever, and neurological examination revealed somnolence, disorientation, amnesia, and nuchal stiffness. MRI revealed bilateral symmetrical abnormalities localized in the AM and HIPP, which showed low intensity on T1-weighted images and high intensity on T2-weighted images. Cerebrospinal fluid examination showed a mildly elevated cell count. We suspected herpes simplex virus type I encephalitis and began treatment with acyclovir. After the patient regained a clear consciousness, his antero- and retrograde amnesia continued for several months. The MRI abnormality became less distinct with the improvement of amnesia. We consider that the MRI abnormality was indicative of inflammation and edema, and that the lesion in the AM and HIPP had induced the amnesia.
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PMID:[A case of encephalitis with MRI abnormalities localized in the bilateral amygdala and hippocampus]. 141 42

Involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) is common in patients with advanced disease due to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Symptoms range from lethargy and apathy to coma, incoordination and ataxia to hemiparesis, loss of memory to severe dementia, and focal to major motor seizures. Involvement may be closely associated with HIV infection per se, as in the AIDS dementia complex, but is frequently caused by opportunistic pathogens such as Toxoplasma gondii and Cryptococcus neoformans or malignancies such as primary lymphoma of the CNS. The clinical presentations of attendant and direct CNS involvement are remarkably non-specific and overlapping, yet a correct diagnosis is critical to successful intervention. Toxoplasmic encephalitis is one of the most common and most treatable causes of AIDS-associated pathology of the CNS. A great deal has been learned in the last 10 years about its unique presentation in the HIV-infected patient with advanced disease. Drs. Benjamin J. Luft of the State University of New York at Stony Brook and Jack S. Remington of the Stanford University School of Medicine and Palo Alto Medical Foundation's Research Institute have studied T. gondii for many years and are two of the leading experts in the field. This commentary comprises an update of their initial review (J Infect Dis 1988;157:1-6) and a presentation of the current approaches to diagnosing and managing toxoplasmic encephalitis in HIV-infected patients.
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PMID:Toxoplasmic encephalitis in AIDS. 152 Jul 57

Follow-up data are presented of ten patients with autopsy-proven postencephalitic Parkinson's syndrome (PEP) (mean age at death: 56.0 years) with regard to motor and psychic deterioration over a period of institutional observation between 3 and 30 years. Four patients showed deterioration of their Hoehn-Yahr score of at least one grade. These patients did not differ statistically with respect to age of occurrence of lethargic encephalitis, interval to PEP, age at start of PEP, duration of survival with PEP, and age at death. Motor deterioration in these patients seems to be attributed more to inherent disease progression, rather than to an age-related process. Clinical and pathological evidence for this conclusion is presented.
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PMID:Is progression in postencephalitic Parkinson's disease late and age-related? 191 14

The article describes the versions of meningeal tuberculosis in 300 patients observed by the author from 1975 to 1990. In the majority of the patients, the onset of the disease was gradual and its course, typical. For an acute onset of the disease, certain types of serous meningitis (6.7%), influenza (2.3%), acute psychosis (3%), purulent meningitis (1.3%), craniocerebral injury (1%), seriously disturbed cerebral circulation (4%) and lethargic encephalitis (0.66%) were identified. Chronic forms were mainly characterized by fibroplastic processes, local focal neurologic symptoms and congestive changes in the eye ground. The full-scale picture of the disease was sometimes observed at the terminal stage only. In 5% of the patients, such neurologic symptoms, as aphasias and paralyses, were prevalent in the clinical picture. The final diagnosis of a follow-up and repeated examination of the cerebrospinal fluid.
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PMID:[Variants of meningeal tuberculosis in adults]. 208 86


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