Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023380 (lethargy)
 5,697 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thirteen cases of group D streptococcal neonatal sepsis and/or meningitis were identified at the Cincinnati Children's Hospital from 1970 to 1976. Ages at onset of disease ranged from 1 to 25 days. The most frequent symptoms were fever (five cases), lethargy (five cases), and respiratory difficulty (four cases). Blood cultures for seven infants were positive; CSF cultures for five infants were positive; and CSF and blood cultures for one infant were both positive. In 12 patients, parenteral antibiotic therapy consisted of a penicillin and an aminoglycoside. One infant with a severe meningomyelocele died. The other 12 infants showed a rapid clinical response with seven patients improving within 48 hours of the start of therapy. Infection with group D streptococcus results in a low-grade systemic disease in both full-term and premature infants that responds favorably to appropriate therapy.
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PMID:Systemic group D streptococcal infection in newborn infants. 10 22

A cytauxzoon-like agent caused fatal disease in 4 domestic cats from separate, rural, heavily wooded premises in southwestern Missouri. Clinical signs included lethargy; pale, icteric mucous membranes; fever; and dehydration. One case of fatal cytauxzoonosis occurred in early September, 1973, and another in September, 1974. Two additional cases were detected in June, 1975. Tick infestations were reported from a variety of animals, including cats, on all premises. Necropsy revealed generalized icterus and petechial and ecchymotic hemorrhages over the surfaces of the heart and lungs. The pericardial sac was distended with clear yellow serous fluid. Large numbers of schizonts characteristic of Cytauxzoon spp were discovered in specimens of liver, lung, spleen, and lymph nodes of all cats. Infection of vascular endothelial cells, a characteristic of cytauxzoonosis, was observed in all organs examined. Piroplasms or ring forms of the agent were observed in erythrocytes of affected cats.
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PMID:A fatal cytauxzoonosis-like disease in cats. 81 65

During neurophysiologic studies in the rat [Crl:COBS CD(SD)BR], chloral hydrate was given intraperitoneally to produce anesthesia for brain electrode implantation. The incidental occurrence of adynamic ileus in six of these rats, 5-16 days after surgery, prompted further investigation. Pathological evaluations and transmission experiments using ingesta and viscera from affected rats failed to reveal an infectious agent. Subsequently chloral hydrate-induced adynamic ileus leading to morbidity or death was experimentally produced in 14 of 27 rats, 3--36 days after intraperitoneal administration of the anesthetic at a dose of 400 mg/kg body weight and concentrations of 125--275 mg/ml. The experimentally produced condition was characterized by lethargy, anorexia, abdominal distension, ruffled hair coat, inactivity, drowsy expression, constipation, and death. Gross pathologic findings included gaseous distension and atony of the cecum and segments of the small intestine. Small intestine contents varied from liquid to solid. The colon and rectum contained only a few dry hard fecal pellets. A few animals showed excess abdominal fluid. Microscopic findings were limited to focal chronic serositis and serosal fibrosis affecting the visceral peritoneum. On the basis of the experimental studies, it was concluded that the condition described was not an infectious disease but was an abnormal physiologic condition produced by the irritating or pharmacologic action of chloral hydrate given at high concentrations in the abdominal cavity.
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PMID:Adynamic ileus in the rat induced by chloral hydrate. 85 88

We reviewed 75 outpatient cases of systemic infection due to group B beta-hemolytic streptococcus (GBS) evaluated during a 13-year period. Patient ages ranged from five days to eight months; 75% were younger than two months. Early-onset (less than or equal to seven days of age) GBS disease occurred in 10% of the patients, and late-onset GBS disease in 90%. The racial distribution was 60% black, 35% white, and 5% Hispanic. Symptoms included fever, irritability, lethargy, and altered-feeding pattern which lasted less than 24 hours in 88% of patients. On presentation, 33% were afebrile (eight had GBS meningitis); 32% did not appear ill (six had GBS meningitis). Of the total, 40% had GBS meningitis, of these, a greater proportion had either early-onset GBS disease or neutropenia. Infection other than meningitis was identified in 24% of all patients: pneumonia (six cases), cellulitis/adenitis (six cases), osteomyelitis/septic arthritis (five cases), and otitis media (one case). All patients survived. Systemic GBS infection in an outpatient population can involve infants up to eight months old, is more common in blacks than in whites, can be present without fever or compromised appearance, and usually has low mortality.
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PMID:Systemic infection due to group B beta-hemolytic streptococcus in children. A review of 75 outpatient-evaluated cases during 13 years. 156 97

Scrub typhus (tsutsugamushi disease) is an acute infectious disease caused by Rickettsia tsutsugamushi transmitted through the bite of larvae of certain trombiculid mites. Geographical distribution in Asian-Pacific region is much of the roughly triangular area bounded by Japan, Pakistan and Australia. It is an endemic illness in the Pescadores Islands, but has scarcely been reported in central Taiwan. An eleven-year-old boy was admitted to Changhua Christian Hospital with the chief complaints of fever, lethargy and skin rash for seven days. On physical examination, he was found to have painless eschar, conjunctivitis, meningoencephalitis, pneumonitis, ascites, jaundice, hepatomegaly, liver function impairment and thrombocytopenia. His Proteus OX-K agglutinin titer increased from 1:160 in the acute sera to 1:640 in the convalescent sera. A greater than four-fold rise (greater than 1:640) in antibody titers to Karp, Gilliam, Kato strains of R. tsutsugamushi between acute and convalescent sera were demonstrated by immunofluorescent antibody. The patient was treated with minocycline and chloramphenicol and was completely recovered.
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PMID:[Scrub typhus--one case report]. 263 64

Male and female 16 to 18 month old C3Hf/Bd mice in a dermal carcinogenicity study were moribund or died at earlier time points than the expected 24 to 30 months. Clinical signs observed in both treated and control animals included dyspnea, lethargy, and death. Lesions seen in treated as well as control mice were cardiomegaly with myocardial degeneration and necrosis, hydrothorax and pulmonary edema, and ascites and chronic passive congestion of the liver. Mice were negative for serologic, bacteriologic and microscopic evidence of viruses, bacteria and protozoa which can induce heart lesions. Possible causes of the cardiomyopathy include metabolic, degenerative, genetic or undetermined infectious disease.
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PMID:Idiopathic cardiomyopathy in C3Hf/Bd mice. 270 3

The most commonly recognized behavioral patterns of animals and people at the onset of febrile infectious diseases are lethargy, depression, anorexia, and reduction in grooming. Findings from recent lines of research are reviewed to formulate the perspective that the behavior of sick animals and people is not a maladaptive response or the effect of debilitation, but rather an organized, evolved behavioral strategy to facilitate the role of fever in combating viral and bacterial infections. The sick individual is viewed as being at a life or death juncture and its behavior is an all-out effort to overcome the disease.
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PMID:Biological basis of the behavior of sick animals. 305 Jun 29

Infection with an atypical (lactose-negative) E. coli was associated with increased mortality rates in a colony of triple immune deficient N:NIH(S) III mice. Affected mice were lethargic and exhibited perianal fecal staining. Slight-to-moderate thickening of the wall of the cecum and colon was found on necropsy examination. Microscopic examination revealed segmental hyperplasia of the cecal and colonic mucosa with clusters of gram negative bacteria on the surface and within the cytoplasm of mucosal epithelial cells. Scattered foci of epithelial invasion and hyperplasia were observed in the colons of C57B1/6N-nunu mice after per os inoculation with the atypical E. coli. Immunocompetant mice housed in the same room as the N:NIH(S) III's remained healthy and exhibited no gross or microscopic lesions in spite of infection.
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PMID:Cecocolitis in immunodeficient mice associated with an enteroinvasive lactose negative E. coli. 305 10

In order to evaluate significance and frequency of valproic acid (VPA)-induced hyperammonemia we measured venous serum ammonia, SGOT, G-GT, platelets and antiepileptic drug levels in three groups of subjects: 1.) 30 pediatric patients treated with VPA, alone or in combination 2.) 30 healthy age and sex matched subjects 3.) 30 pediatric unselected patients treated with various antiepileptic drugs except VPA. In the VPA group serum ammonia was significantly (p less than 0.01) higher than in controls and in the group 3. Patients on VPA-polytherapy had significantly higher serum ammonia values than patients on VPA-monotherapy (p less than 0.01). Hyperammonemia was found in 8 (27%) VPA-treated patients. A syndrome consisting of lethargy, stupor, hypotonia and increased seizure activity developed in 3 patients on VPA-therapy of whom two showed hyperammonemia. After discontinuing VPA this syndrome disappeared in all three cases. There was no direct correlation between VPA and ammonia levels. The etiology of hyperammonemia in VPA treated patients is not yet fully explained. It may be related to the fatal VPA induced hepatic failure reported in the literature. Some risk factors which may facilitate hepatic injury during VPA therapy (young age, co-medication, polytherapy, infectious disease, protein overload, low caloric intake) are discussed and some practical consequences are indicated.
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PMID:[Hyperammonemia in valproate therapy in children and adolescents]. 308 61

A total of 208 patients underwent brain biopsy for presumptive herpes simplex encephalitis and were randomized to receive either vidarabine, vira-A, at 15 mg/kg/day, or acyclovir, at 30 mg/kg/day for ten days. 69 patients (33%) had biopsy-proven disease; 37 received vira-A and 32 acyclovir. With the exception of age, patient populations were balanced for demographic characteristics. Overall survival for acyclovir recipients was 72% compared with 46% for vira-A-treated patients 18 months after therapy (p = 0.008). After adjustment for differences of age between treatment populations by multivariant regression analyses, acyclovir treatment remained superior to vidarabine therapy (p = 0.041). Mortality varied according to the level of consciousness at the onset of therapy. For lethargic, semicomatose and comatose patients, mortality was 42%, 46%, and 67%, respectively, for the vira-A-treated patients and 0%, 25% and 25%, respectively, for acyclovir-treated patients. Six months post-therapy morbidity assessments revealed five (14%) vira-A versus 12 (38%) acyclovir recipients who had returned to normal function, while eight (22%) and three (9%), respectively, had moderate debility. Outcome differences were significant (p = 0.02; Wilcoxon, 2-sample test) using an adapted scoring system. Age and Glasgow coma scale greater than 10 predicted the best outcome following acyclovir treatment. Disoriented patients who flex and respond by eye to pain had no mortality and 50% returned to normal. These data indicate that acyclovir is the treatment of choice for biopsy-proven herpes simplex encephalitis.
Infection 1987
PMID:Factors indicative of outcome in a comparative trial of acyclovir and vidarabine for biopsy-proven herpes simplex encephalitis. 329 70


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