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Query: UMLS:C0023241 (Legionella)
 6,990 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A Legionella-like organism (strain 72-OH-H [= ATCC 43753]) was isolated from an open-lung biopsy specimen from a hemodialysis patient with end-stage renal disease and bronchopneumonia. Growth characteristics and gas-liquid chromatographic profiles of the isolate were consistent with those for Legionella spp. The isolate was presumptively identified as a Legionella longbeachae serogroup 1 strain by direct immunofluorescence staining. However, the organism was serologically distinct in the slide agglutination test with absorbed antisera. DNA hybridization studies showed that strain 72-OH-H constitutes a new Legionella species, which is named Legionella cincinnatiensis (ATCC 43753).
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PMID:Legionella cincinnatiensis sp. nov. isolated from a patient with pneumonia. 328 71

A Legionella-like organism, strain 1407-AL-H, was isolated from a transbronchial lung biopsy specimen from a cardiac transplant recipient undergoing immunosuppressive therapy. The strain grew on buffered charcoal-yeast extract agar (BCYE) but not on BCYE in the absence of cysteine, and it showed gas-liquid chromatographic fatty acid profiles that were predominantly branch chained. Strain 1407-AL-H was antigenically distinct in slide agglutination tests from the 23 Legionella species and 39 serogroups previously described. DNA hybridization studies placed it in a new Legionella species, Legionella birminghamensis (ATCC 43702).
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PMID:Legionella birminghamensis sp. nov. isolated from a cardiac transplant recipient. 332 81

This article reviews the classification and identification of the 23 described species, the 11 unnamed species, and the 49 serogroups presently known in the family Legionellaceae and the genus Legionella. The events leading to the isolation and classification of the first species, Legionella pneumophila, are summarized; these include the outbreak of legionnaires' disease at the 1976 American Legion Convention in Philadelphia, the five outbreaks preceding the Philadelphia outbreak, and the isolation of three Legionella species before 1976. The phenotypic characteristics of legionellae are described, including growth requirements, isolation media, biochemical tests, cellular fatty acids, quinones, and the guanine-plus-cytosine (G + C) content of DNA. Identification of legionellae by serology, monoclonal antibodies, and gene probes is described. Each species is listed with an explanation of its name, the source, location of its isolation, its involvement, if any, in human disease, its type strain, and the person who isolated it. The basis of taxonomy by DNA hybridization at the species level and evidence consistent with all species in a single genus and family are described. Problems with identification of legionellae at the species level and with their classification, especially at the genus level, are discussed.
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PMID:Classification of the legionellae. 332 89

Legionnaires' disease can be diagnosed by culture, by direct detection of the bacterium or its products by using immunologic means, with a DNA probe, and by serologic means. Culture diagnosis is the most specific and sensitive test. Legionellae can be isolated from sputum samples by using selective techniques. Antibody detection is more suited for epidemiologic purposes than for use in individual cases. Immunofluorescent microscopy is a useful and rapid means of diagnosis. Alternative rapid and specific tests are urinary antigen detection and the use of a DNA probe. Culture must always be performed for optimal sensitivity and for epidemiologic purposes.
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PMID:The laboratory diagnosis of Legionnaires' disease. 332 93

Variability among 29 clinical and environmental strains of Legionella dumoffii was investigated by multilocus enzyme analysis by use of starch gel electrophoresis. Based on results of analysis at 20 enzyme loci, the strains were separated into five closely related electrophoretic types (ETs), which were clearly distinguished from 53 strains representing 53 ETs of L. pneumophila. DNA hybridization results (hydroxyapatite method, 60 and 75 degrees C) for representative strains confirmed that all L. dumoffii ETs were a single genetic species. Although multilocus enzyme analysis indicated that L. dumoffii was genetically a quite uniform species, sufficient variability existed to warrant electromorph fingerprinting for epidemiologic studies.
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PMID:Multilocus enzyme analysis of Legionella dumoffii. 338 5

Legionnaires' disease can be diagnosed by detection of antibody to the organism or by direct detection of the bacterium and/or its products using immunological means, culture or a DNA probe. Culture isolation, still the most specific and sensitive test, can be done with sputum samples if proper selective techniques are used. Antibody detection is more suited for epidemiological purposes than individual cases. It has been overused to the exclusion of more specific and rapid methods, such as culture and other means of bacterial detection. Immunofluorescent microscopy remains an important tool in diagnosis, although urinary antigen detection and DNA probes are promising alternative tests. For optimal sensitivity, culture must be performed, regardless of which test is used.
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PMID:Laboratory diagnosis of infections caused by legionellae. 355 63

A Legionella-like organism (strain 797-PA-H; ATCC 43130) was isolated from a specimen taken from an endotracheal tube of a patient 4 days before death and from the left lung at autopsy. Growth characteristics were consistent with those for Legionella species. Strain 797-PA-H gave negative test results with available direct immunofluorescence assay conjugates and with slide agglutination test antisera prepared against the 22 Legionella species and 35 serogroups now recognized. Minimal reactivity (1 to 2 +) was observed with both tests by using reagents prepared against the Legionella-like organism Lansing 3. Reciprocal absorption studies, however, showed that the cross-reactive antibodies could be removed easily. Physiologic, gas-liquid chromatographic, and DNA hybridization tests revealed that the strain belonged to the species Legionella pneumophila. Therefore, strain 797-PA-H was designated as the type strain of a new L. pneumophila serogroup, serogroup 11.
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PMID:11th serogroup of Legionella pneumophila isolated from a patient with fatal pneumonia. 371 8

We have prepared a DNA probe from internal sequences of the gene encoding the Legionella pneumophila major outer membrane protein (MOMP). Immunologic studies of the MOMP have confirmed that it possesses both genus-specific and species-specific antigenic domains, but possesses no cross-reactivity with non-Legionella species. At the DNA levels, the 3' half of the gene contains sequences that are homologous to DNA from all strains tested within the genus, whereas the 5' half of the gene has homology with L. pneumophila strains only. Homology of the gene with non-legionellae has not been detected even under low stringency conditions. To test the utility of this probe for detecting organisms in tissue, we tested crude homogenates of mouse lungs representing 1/1,000th of the total lung mass. After intranasal inoculation with 2 X 10(8) colony-forming units of L. pneumophila, mice were sacrificed at various intervals (10 mice per group). Since L. pneumophila does not produce a propagating infection in these animals, cultures of lung tissue from successive days after inoculation showed a roughly linear decline in viable L. pneumophila (total lung yield: 10(8) on Day 0, 5 X 10(7) on Day 2, 10(5) on Day 5, 10(3) on Day 9, and less than 10(2) on Day 15). By DNA dot hybridization with the MOMP probe, we detected positive signals from most animals on Days 0 and 2, suggesting a threshold sensitivity of between 50,000 and 100,000 organisms with our current methods. Advances in DNA probe technology may soon permit the rapid, specific identification of either L. pneumophila or other Legionella species in pathologic specimens.
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PMID:A Legionella-specific DNA probe detects organisms in lung tissue homogenates from intranasally inoculated mice. 379 30

Three strains of Legionella feeleii from patients with pneumonia (425-MI-H, 691-WI-H, and 693-WI-H) and one environmental strain (713-MI-E) received at the Centers for Disease Control for reference diagnostic testing were compared with the type strain WO-44C-C3 (ATCC 35072) by DNA hybridization, chemical analysis of cellular fatty acids and ubiquinones, biochemical tests, and serological characteristics. All four isolates were assigned to the L. feeleii species on the basis of DNA hybridization results. However, strains 691-WI-H and 693-WI-H were serologically distinct from strain WO-44C-C3, as shown by their minimal reactivity (1 to 2+) with a direct immunofluorescence conjugate prepared against L. feeleii serogroup 1 (strain WO-44C-C3). Therefore, strains 691-WI-H and 693-WI-H were placed in a new L. feeleii serogroup (serogroup 2). The reference strain of L. feeleii serogroup 2 is 691-WI-H (ATCC 35849).
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PMID:Second serogroup of Legionella feeleii strains isolated from humans. 389 11

A procedure for preparing a DNA probe to be used in the specific detection of Legionella pneumophila by dot or colony hybridization has been devised. When total DNA from L. pneumophila was used as a radioactive probe, cross-hybridization occurred with DNA from many other species belonging to various families (including Legionellaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, and Vibrionaceae). Cross-hybridizing restriction fragments in L. pneumophila ATCC 33152 DNA were identified on Southern blots. When unlabeled DNA from strain ATCC 33152 was cleaved by endonuclease BamHI, the DNA fragments cross-hybridizing with the labeled DNA from all of the other species and genera tested (or with Escherichia coli 16 + 23 S RNA) had a size of 21.4 and 16.2 kilobase pairs (major bands) and 28.0, 12.8, and 10.1 kilobase pairs (minor bands). BamHI restriction fragments of L. pneumophila DNA deprived of the cross-hybridizing fragments were pooled and used as a probe for the detection of L. pneumophila. This probe proved to be specific for L. pneumophila in colony and dot hybridization. It can potentially be used for the detection of L. pneumophila in clinical and water samples. The procedure described can be readily applied to the preparation of probes specific for phylogenetically isolated bacterial species other than L. pneumophila.
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PMID:DNA probe specific for Legionella pneumophila. 398 Jun 93


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