Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023241 (Legionella)
 6,990 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

All Serratia marcescens strains (total of 33) of different sources were hemolytic including clinical strains previously classified as being nonhemolytic. DNA fragments of the two hemolysin genes hybridized with the chromosomal DNA of S. marcescens, S. liquefaciens, S. kiliensis, S. grimesii, S. proteamaculans, S. plymutica, S. rubridaea which were also hemolytic. The restriction pattern of the hemolysin locus differed in each strain. S. ficaria and S. marinorubra expressed a different hemolysin which was much smaller than the S. marcescens hemolysin since it diffused through dialysis membranes. The DNA of the latter strains did not hybridize with the S. marcescens hemolysin DNA probes. Some S. marcescens strains, S. kiliensis and S. liquefaciens also expressed in addition the small hemolysin. No hybridization was found with DNA of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella arerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella dysenteriae, Yersinia enterocolitica, Yersinia pseudotuberculosus, Listeria sp., Aeromonas sp., Legionella sp. and a Meninococcus sp., indicating that the hemolysin DNA probes are specific for Serratia, or that the hemolysin genes occur rarely in genera other than Serratia.
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PMID:Hemolysin as a marker for Serratia. 222 20

Detection of pathogens (Legionella species) and indicator bacteria (coliform bacteria) was achieved by multiplex (simultaneous) PCR amplification of diagnostic gene sequences and by hybridization to immobilized poly-dT-tailed capture probes using a dot- or slot-blot approach. Complex manipulations of primer concentrations and staggered additions of primers were required in order to achieve equal amplification of multiple genes. Multiplex PCR amplification of two different Legionella genes, one specific for L. pneumophila (mip) and the other for the genus Legionella (5S rRNA), was achieved by staggered amplification. Multiplex PCR amplification using differing amounts of primers specific for lacZ and lamB genes permitted the detection of coliform bacteria and those associated with human faecal contamination, including the indicator bacterial species E. coli and enteric pathogens Salmonella and Shigella. Hybridization of biotin-labelled amplified DNA, in which the biotin was incorporated during PCR amplification from biotinylated-dUTP, to immobilized 400-dT-tailed capture probes permitted specific and sensitive detection of target gene sequences. The sensitivity of colorimetric detection achieved by PCR amplification of target DNA was at a level equivalent to 1-2 bacterial cells, which is the same level of sensitivity obtained with radioactive detection. The simultaneous amplification of several genes and hybridization to immobilized capture probes with colorimetric detection is an effective, efficient and rapid detection method for various human bacterial pathogens.
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PMID:Multiplex PCR amplification and immobilized capture probes for detection of bacterial pathogens and indicators in water. 228 Jul 81

The response of Legionella pneumophila to antibiotics that inhibit cell-wall, protein and DNA synthesis was examined by electronmicroscopy, MIC estimations and viable counts. Ampicillin, cefotaxime, methicillin, erythromycin, rifampicin and ciprofloxacin, each used separately at 20 times their respective MIC values, showed activity against L. pneumophila in these studies. The inhibitors of cell-wall synthesis--ampicillin, cefotaxime and methicillin--effected the greatest bactericidal activity and induced the most extensive morphological changes, which included the formation of membranous lesions through which cytoplasmic contents were lost. In terms of ultrastructural damage and loss of viability, the inhibitors of protein and DNA synthesis were less effective than the antibiotics that acted on the microbial cell wall. Erythromycin- and rifampicin-treated cells possessed irregular membranes and were partially or fully lysed, whereas ciprofloxacin induced abnormally elongated organisms with intermittently lysed and detached inner membranes. These results illustrated the ability of antibiotics of putative clinical value, with diverse modes of action, to affect the ultrastructural cytology as well as the viability of L. pneumophila in vitro.
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PMID:The effect of antibiotics that inhibit cell-wall, protein, and DNA synthesis on the growth and morphology of Legionella pneumophila. 229 40

Following investigation of an outbreak of legionellosis in South Australia, numerous Legionella-like organisms were isolated from water samples. Because of the limited number of commercially available direct fluorescent-antibody reagents and the cross-reactions found with some reagents, non-pneumophila legionellae proved to be difficult to identify and these isolates were stored at -70 degrees C for later study. Latex agglutination reagents for Legionella pneumophila and Legionella anisa developed by the Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, Adelaide, Australia, were found to be useful as rapid screening aids. Autofluorescence was useful for placing isolates into broad groups. Cellular fatty acid analysis, ubiquinone analysis, and DNA hybridization techniques were necessary to provide definitive identification. The species which were isolated most frequently were L. pneumophila, followed by L. anisa, Legionella jamestowniensis, Legionella quinlivanii, Legionella rubrilucens, Legionella spiritensis, and a single isolate each of Legionella erythra, Legionella jordanis, Legionella birminghamensis, and Legionella cincinnatiensis. In addition, 10 isolates were found by DNA hybridization studies to be unrelated to any of the 26 currently known species, representing what we believe to be 6 possible new species.
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PMID:Problems associated with identification of Legionella species from the environment and isolation of six possible new species. 231 47

A molecular DNA probe has been obtained on the basis of recombinant plasmid pNIG carrying the Legionella cytolysin gene. The use of this probe for the identification of different Legionella species and other microorganisms has shown that it may serve as the species-specific marker of L. pneumophila. The probe has been used for the identification of new Legionella-like strains isolated from the environment.
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PMID:[The use of a molecular DNA probe based on the cloned cytolysin gene for the identification of Legionella]. 233 Jul 75

A fragment of the gene for cytolysin has been cloned. The product of the gene has been earlier identified as an immunoserological marker of Legionella pneumophila. Clones were selected by immunodetection of cytolysin gene product expression. An EcoRI 3.8 kb fragment of the genomic DNA from Legionella pneumophila strain Philadelphia-1 was used as a DNA probe that hybridized with the bacterial colonies of 20 Legionella pneumophila strains but not with the colonies of 10 other Legionella species or 8 other bacterial genera. The cloned fragment has been shown to be unique for Legionella pneumophila. The region of homology is suggested to be longer than a possible dimension of the cytolysin gene.
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PMID:[Specific DNA probe for detecting Legionella pneumophila]. 238 40

The mip gene of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 strain AA100 encodes a 24-kilodalton surface protein (Mip) and enhances the abilities of L. pneumophila to parasitize human macrophages and to cause pneumonia in experimental animals. To determine whether this virulence factor is conserved in the genus Legionella, a large panel of Legionella strains was examined by Southern hybridization and immunoblot analyses for the presence and expression of mip-related sequences. Strains representing all 14 serogroups of L. pneumophila contained a mip gene and expressed a 24-kilodalton Mip protein. Although the isolates of the 29 other Legionella species did not hybridize with mip DNA probes under high-stringency conditions, they did so at reduced stringency. In support of the notion that these strains possess mip-like genes, these species each expressed a protein (24 to 31 kilodaltons in size) that reacted with specific Mip antisera. Moreover, the cloned mip analog from Legionella micdadei encoded the cross-reactive protein. Thus, mip is conserved and specific to L. pneumophila, but mip-like genes are present throughout the genus, perhaps potentiating the intracellular infectivity of all Legionella species.
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PMID:Identification of mip-like genes in the genus Legionella. 238 27

Three Legionella-like organisms isolated from patients with pneumonia are shown to belong to the species Legionella sainthelensi by DNA hybridization studies and to a new serogroup, serogroup 2, by serological studies (ATCC 49322). L. sainthelensi serogroup 2 and L. santicrucis are indistinguishable by slide agglutination, but are separable on the basis of their cell wall fatty acid profiles.
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PMID:Legionella sainthelensi serogroup 2 isolated from patients with pneumonia. 239 67

Legionella anisa, previously found only in environmental specimens, was isolated from a bronchial lavage specimen of an immunocompromised patient with pneumonia. Growth, physiologic, gas-liquid chromatographic, serologic, and DNA characteristics were consistent with those of the type strain of L. anisa, WA-316-C3 (ATCC 35292).
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PMID:Characterization of a Legionella anisa strain isolated from a patient with pneumonia. 240 5

A commercial DNA probe kit designed to detect rRNA from legionellae was evaluated for its ability to correctly discriminate between legionellae and non-legionellae taken from culture plates. The probe kit, made by the Gen-Probe Corp. (San Diego, Calif.), was radiolabeled with 125I, and probe bacterial RNA hybridization, detected in a simple one-tube system hybridization assay, was quantitated with a gamma counter. A total of 156 Legionella sp. strains were tested, of which 125 were Legionella pneumophila and the remainder were strains from 21 other Legionella spp. A total of 106 gram-negative non-legionellae, isolated from human respiratory tract (81%) and other body site (19%) specimens, were also tested; 14 genera and 28 species were represented. The probe easily distinguished all of the legionellae from the non-legionellae. The average legionellae/non-legionellae hybridization ratio was 42:1, and the lowest ratio was 2:1; a minor modification in the procedure increased the lowest ratio to 5:1. In addition to correctly identifying all Legionella species, the probe was able to separate some of the various species of Legionella. L. pneumophila strains hybridized more completely to the probe than did the other Legionella spp.; L. wadsworthii and L. oakridgensis hybridized only about 25% of the probe relative to L. pneumophila. Some strains of phenotypically identified L. pneumophila had much lower hybridization to the probe than other members of the species and may represent a new Legionella species. The simplicity of the technique and specificity of the probe make it a good candidate for confirming the identity of legionellae in culture.
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PMID:Evaluation of the Gen-Probe DNA probe for the detection of legionellae in culture. 242 Aug 20


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